1. Pronounce words and word combinations:

highly-qualified, to graduate from, entrance requirements,

correspondence, preliminary, guide, grant, curriculum,

opportunity, well-equipped, youth, refectory.

2. Translate into Russian:

a) post-graduate, vacation, youth, faculty, experience, to

graduate from, activity, grant, refectory, department, test,

applicant, opportunity, term.

b) well-stocked library, entrance requirement, national

economy, higher educational establishment, training course, to

take an active part in, final project, preliminary department, to

do one's best, scientific society, to take an exam, to pass an

exam.

3. Translate into English:

a) закончить (вуз), навыки, факультет, аспирантура,

деятельность, семестр, зачет, стипендия, каникулы, возможность,

молодежь, кафедра;

b) Сибирская Государственная Геодезическая Академия, высшее

учебное заведение, требования на вступительных экзаменах, сдавать

экзамен, сдать экзамен, подготовительное отделение, народное

хозяйство, курс обучения, дипломная работа, принимать активное

участие, делать все возможное, библиотека с богатым книжным

фондом, научное общество.

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4. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:

1. My brother graduated ... the University last year.

2. Today we are going to pass an exam ... Philosophy.

3. In accordance ... the plan we are to do this work.

4. At the end of the fourth year students are sent ... a plant to

get some experience ... the business.

5. The graduates carry ... research work ... well equipped

laboratories.

6. He is a student ... the Siberian State Academy ... Geodesy.

7. There are two terms ... each academic year and ... the end ...

each term students take exams and tests.

5. Answer the questions:

1. What are you?

2. Where do you study?

3. When was the Academy founded?

4. Are there many geodetic institutes in our country?

5. What exams must applicants pass to enter the Academy?

6. What does the present day Academy include?

7. How long does the training course last?

8. When do the students take their tests and exams?

9. Who usually gets a scholarship?

10. What is the whole training course followed by?

11. What subjects do the students study?

12. What facilities are there in the Academy?

6. Translate from Russian into English:

1  Я студент Сибирской государственной геодезической академии.

2. Академия была основана в 1932 г.

3. Чтобы поступить в Академию, необходимо сдать экзамен по

математике и русскому языку.

4. В настоящее время Академия включает в себя Институт геодезии и

менеджмента, Институт кадастра и геоинформационных систем,

Институт оптики и оптических технологий, Институт фотограмметрии

и дистанционного зондирования.

5. В конце каждого семестра студенты сдают экзамены и зачеты.

6. Курс обучения в Академии 5-6 лет.

7. Студенты, успешно сдавшие экзамены, получают стипендию.

8. Полный курс обучения завершается дипломной работой.

9. Студенты первого и второго курсов изучают общеобразовательные

предметы, а студенты старших курсов - специальные предметы.

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 ASTROGEODESY

 Word list

to deal with иметь дело с

astrogeodesy (geodetic astro- астрономогеодезия

nomy, field astronomy)

determination of position определение координат точек,

местоположения

determination of azimuth определение азимута

aster светило

astronomical fixation астрономическое определение

(A.E. astrofix)

to determine coordinates определять координаты

to determine latitude, определять широту, долготу,

longitude, azimuth азимут

astronomical point астрономический пункт

Laplace point (station) пункт Лапласа

initial data исходные данные

orientation of the state ориентирование государственной

geodetic network геодезической сети

grade measurements градусные измерения

figure-of-the earth study изучение формы Земли

remote regions удаленные районы

poor geodetic network слаборазвитая геодезическая

provision сеть

to recover geodetic control восстанaвливать пункты

points геодезической сети

to detect an angle определить угол

bearing angle дирекционный угол

space exploration космические исследования

spatiаl triangulation пространственная

фототриангуляция

base adjustment разбивка базиса

to fix coordinates определять координаты

artificial satellite искусственный спутник Земли (ИСЗ)

reference point опорная точка, репер

applied geodesy прикладная геодезия

geodetic coverage геодезическое обеспечение

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 Text

Astrogeodesy is the part of astronomy which deals with

determination of azimuths and positions on the earth's surface

based on observation of asters. This section of astronomy is very

important for solving economic and practical tasks of geodesy.

Astronomical fixations (astrofixes) are inseparable from

surveying and mapping. They are used to determine coordinates of

different points on the earth's surface as well as their latitude

and longitude. For this purposes it is necessary to know exact

local time at the moment of observation. Determination of azimuth

is very important for geodesy and cartography. The point with

coordinates determined by means of astronomical observations is

called an astronomical point (Laplace point). Laplace azimuths

are considered as geodetic azimuths of triangulation lines

determined by astrogeodetic observations.

Astrofixes together with geodetic and gravimetric

determinations provide initial geodetic data and orientation of

the state geodetic control network. They are useful for grade

measurements and figure-of-the earth study.

Star observations are an integral part of the geodetic

control network.

Not long ago astrofixes were necessary for topographical

surveys in the remote regions with a poor geodetic network

provision. Nowadays when the amount of large-scale surveys is

growing, many of the geodetic control points are being recovered.

To do this, bearing angles should be detected by astronomical

fixations.

Methods of astrogeodesy are utilized in space exploration

for base adjustment of spatial triangulation and for setting

astronomical coordinates of spatial triangulation points. The

methods may also be used to fix coordinates of artificial

satellites.

Astronomical observations make it possible to determine

positions of reference points on the earth's surface to be used

for topographical surveys.

Astronomical fixations of geographic coordinates and

azimuths are widely used in applied geodesy for geodetic coverage

of engineering works.

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Exercises