- •Ноу «липецкий эколого-гуманитарный иститут»
- •Contents preface ……………………………………………………………………..….5 part one…………………………………………………………………….…..6
- •Preface
- •Part one
- •Analytical reading and its concern
- •The Subject Matter of Analytical Reading
- •1.2. Literary Work
- •2. Language as the medium of literature
- •2.1. Meanings of Linguistic Units Connotation in the Word’s Dictionary Meaning
- •2.2. Denotation and Connotation in Imaginative Literature
- •3. Literary text as poetic structure
- •3.1. Verbal and Supraverbal Layers of the Literary Text
- •3.2. Principles of Poetic Structure Cohesion
- •4. Components of poetic structure: Macro-Components of Poetic Structure
- •4.1. Literary Image
- •4.2. Theme and Idea
- •4.3. Plot
- •Composition
- •4.5. Genre
- •4.6. Tonal System
- •5. Components of poetic structure: Micro-Components of Poetic Structure
- •5.1. Tropes
- •5.1.1. Tropes Based on the Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meanings
- •5.1.2. Tropes based on the Intensification of a Certain Feature of a Thing or Phenomenon
- •5.1.3. Tropes Based on Peculiar Use of Set Expressions
- •5.2. Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •5.3. Figures of speech
- •Part two
- •Selecting a Topic Sentence
- •Checking the Topic
- •Checking Your Progress
- •Mini-test
- •Unit 2. Practice with ideas Locating Key Elements for the Idea
- •Selecting the Correct Idea
- •Checking the Idea
- •Formulating Ideas
- •Checking Your Progress:
- •Revision
- •Unit 3. Practice with principles of poetic structure cohesion
- •Grown up pink
- •Shiseido
- •Checking Your Progress
- •Tropes based on the Intensification of a Certain Feature of a Thing or Phenomenon
- •Tropes based on Peculiar Use of Set Expressions
- •Hear the loud alarum bells –
- •What a tale of terror, now, their turbulency tells!
- •Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Figures of Speech
- •Revision
- •Helping Phrases
- •Unit 5. Understanding poetry
- •To say that for destruction ice
- •A rip tide is raging
- •Checking Your Progress
- •Tips on literary work analysis
- •Practice with extracts From The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon by Stephen King
- •From The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon by Stephen King
- •From The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon by Stephen King
- •From Come Together by Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees
- •From Come Together by Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees
- •From Vertical Run by Joseph r. Garber
- •From Vertical Run by Joseph r. Garber
- •From Vertical Run by Joseph r. Garber
- •From The Web by Jonathan Kellerman
- •From The Class by Eric Segal
- •From The Blue Note by Charlotte Bingham
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Blackout by Campbell Armstrong
- •From Simply Divine by Wendy Holden
- •From Dance While You Can by Susan Lewis
- •From Dance While You Can by Susan Lewis
- •From Rage of Angels by Sidney Sheldon
- •From Whispers by Dean Koontz
- •From Whispers by Dean Koontz
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Cold Fire by Dean Koontz
- •Checking your progress
- •Scheme of Extract Analysis
- •From Whispers by Dean Koontz
- •From Needful Things by Stephen King
- •From Rising Sun by Jeffrey Archer
- •From Sinners by Jackie Collins
- •From Sinners by Jackie Collins
- •From False Memory by Dean Koontz
- •Revision
- •From Come Together by Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Man and Boy by Tony Parson
- •From Sinners by Jackie Collins
- •Bibliography
4.2. Theme and Idea
The themeof a literary work is the represented aspect of life. L.V. Borisova believes that the theme of a story is the main area of interest treated in it [3, p. 80]. As literary works commonly have human characters for the subject of depiction, V.B. Sosnovskaya states that the theme of a literary work may be understood as an interaction of human characters under certain circumstances, such as some social or psychological conflict [5, p. 37].
A writer may depict the same theme from different angles. The same theme may also be differently developed and integrated with other themes in different works. Within a single work the basic theme may interlace with rival themes and their relationship may be very complex. The theme of a literary work can be easily understood from the plot (the surface layer) of the work [5, p. 37].
Even a well-written paragraph has the theme or topic. The topic of the passage is usually stated in the first sentence, although other positions are also possible. Read the following paragraph:
The family heard the siren warning them that the tornado was coming. They hurried to the cellar. The roar of the tornado was deafening, and the children started crying. Suddenly it was silent. They waited awhile before they went outside to survey the damage.
In the preceding paragraph, the topic – tornado – is stated in the first sentence. In the following paragraph, the main topic is stated in the last sentence:
The family hurried to the cellar and waited. First, they heard the pounding of the hailstones. The wind became deafening, and the children started crying. Suddenly it was silent. They waited awhile before they ventured outside to see the damage the tornado had done.
Sometimes the topic is not stated in the passage at all but is implied, as in the following passage:
The sky became dark and threatening. A funnel of dust began forming in the air and soon reached down to touch the ground. Debris was seen swirling around as everything was swallowed up, twisted, and then dropped.
Although “tornado” is not mentioned in the passage, it has been implied by the description (“a funnel of dust… in the air,” “debris… swirling,” “twisted”). [18]
According to the number of topics or themes presented in emotive prose, literary works are divided into: short stories(which have one theme and one main character) andnovels(which have a leading theme and rival sub-theme, as well as many characters).
In the process of developing the theme the author expresses the idea of a literary work. It is the underlying thought of deductive character and emotional attitude transmitted to the reader by the whole poetic structure of the literary text [5, p. 37]. The most important idea is the message of the literary work [3, p. 61]. It is generally expressed implicitly, i.e. indirectly, and can be conveyed by different techniques, such as:
parallelism(e.g. parallel actions of the dream and reality, or parallel events which begin and end a story);
contrast(between the protagonist characters, the impression they try to produce and the impression they actually produce, etc.);
recurrence(or repetition) of events or situation;
poetic detail;
symbols;
arrangements of plot structure, etc. [3, p. 81].
When a poetic detail is repeated several times and is associated with a broader concept than the original, it develops into a symbol, which is ametaphoric expression of the concept it stands for[3, p. 83].