Кафедра « Гуманитарные дисциплины»

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

По дисциплине Иностранный язык (английский)

Вариант № 2

Семестр 1

1 Курс заочной формы обучения

Специальность (шифр) __________ группа ____________

Срок обучения ____ лет

Зачетная книжка № ___________

Ф.И.О. студента(ки) _______________________________________

Ф.И.О. (преподавателя) _____________________________________

Сдана на проверку ­___________________

Ставрополь, 20___

1. Написать 15-18 предложений по следующим темам и выучить: 1. Описание себя и своей семьи. 2. Описание друга (внешность, характер, манеры, привычки). 3. Любимое время года. 4. Хобби. 5. Любимая книга.

2. Прочитать и письменно перевести тексты: Computer Science, Software Engineering. Текст 1. Computer science

Design Elements. In designing a computer system, architects consider five major elements that make up the system's hardware: the arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, memory, input, and output. The arithmetic/logic unit performs arithmetic and compares numerical values. The control unit directs the operation of the computer by taking the user instructions and transforming them into electrical signals that the computer's circuitry can understand. The combination of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit is called the central processing unit (CPU). The memory stores instructions and data. The input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data, respectively.

Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users. One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast, while another system may have to be optimized for searching a database or conserving battery power in a laptop computer.

In addition to the hardware design, the architects must consider what software programs will operate the system. Software, such as programming languages and operating systems, makes the details of the hardware architecture invisible to the user. For example, computers that use the C programming language or a UNIX operating system may appear the same from the user's viewpoint, although they use different hardware architectures.

Текст 2. Software engineering

Computer scientists continue to develop new algorithms and data structures to solve new problems and improve the efficiency of existing programs. One area of theoretical research is called algorithmic complexity. Computer scientists in this field seek to develop techniques for determining the inherent efficiency of algorithms with respect to one another. Another area of theoretical research called computability theory seeks to identify the inherent limits of computation.

Software engineers use programming languages to communicate algorithms to a computer. Natural languages such as English are ambiguous – meaning that their grammatical structure and vocabulary can be interpreted in multiple ways – so they are not suited for programming. Instead, simple and unambiguous artificial languages are used. Computer scientists study ways of making programming languages more expressive, thereby simplifying programming and reducing errors. A program written in a programming language must be translated into machine language (the actual instructions that the computer follows). Computer scientists also develop better translation algorithms that produce more efficient machine language programs.