- •Рецензенты: т.И. Мучник, н.В. Корытина
- •Isbn 5-7038-2599-7
- •Предисловие к 1-му изданию
- •Lesson 1
- •Времена группы Indefinite (Simple) Active, Passive
- •Science —- наука -» scientific — научный; basis — основа -» basic — основной
- •It's hard to keep up both sports and studies.
- •I am a first-year student.
- •He was a Rising Star
- •Text 1с
- •Higher Education in the usa
- •Text id
- •Lesson 2
- •Предтекстовые упражнения
- •Известный
- •Техт 2а
- •Environment Protection Must Be Global
- •6. Large-scale experiments in 6. Is that air and water pollution this area is reaching very large propor tions.
- •Lesson 3
- •Text 3d. Non-traditional Renewable Sources of Energy
- •Словообразование
- •Text 3b
- •A Great Citizen of the World
- •In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty-one years old, but he still worked sixteen hours a day.
- •Text 3c
- •Solar Light by Night
- •In the case of
- •Save the Planet
- •Lesson 4
- •To rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,
- •Notes to the Text
- •In a surprisingly short time
- •1. Has been replaced by colour television.
- •2. The development of tv became digital television in which the usual signal is replaced by a digital code.
- •Lesson 5
- •Суффикс существительного -иге nature — природа; culture — культура
- •Is there an End to the Computer Race?
- •Lesson 6
- •A Trick on a President
- •Text 6b
- •Composite Ceramics
- •Revision of lessons 4-6
- •Lesson 7
- •Lesson 8
- •Virtual Laboratory Expands nasa Research
- •Lesson 9
- •If I were free, I should help you. Were I free, I should help you. If he had known about the lecture, he would have come. Had he known about the lecture, he would have come.
- •Revision of lessons 7-9
- •Lesson 10
- •I Want to Read Faster
- •Lesson 12
- •Text 12c. Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the iss
- •Revision of lessons 10-12
- •Supplementary texts
- •Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
- •Notes to the Text
- •Computer Graphics
- •Справочник
- •§ 1. Глагол to be
- •§ 2. Глагол то have
- •§ 4. Личные и притяжательные местоимения (Personal and Possessive Pronouns)
- •§ 5. Времена группы Simple Active
- •The Present Simple Tense (Настоящее неопределенное время)
- •The Past Simple Tense (Прошедшее неопределенное время)
- •The Future Simple Tense (Будущее неопределенное время)
- •The Simple (Active)
- •Порядок слов в предложениях
- •§ 7. Основные формы глаголов
- •Основные формы глагола
- •§ 8. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •The Passive Voice (Simple)
- •§ 9. Особенности перевода пассивной конструкции
- •§ 10. Предлог (The Preposition)
- •§ Lb Времена группы Continuous
- •The Continuous (Active)
- •§ 12. Функции и перевод it
- •§ 13. Функции и перевод one
- •§ 14. Функции и перевод that
- •§ 15. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparison Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs)
- •§ 16. Времена группы Perfect
- •The Perfect (Active)
- •The Perfect (Passive)
- •§ 17. Соответствие английских временных форм временным формам глагола в русском языке
- •Lesson 4
- •§ 19. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •§ 20. Согласование времен
- •§ 21. Дополнение (The Object)
- •§ 22. Определение (The Attribute)
- •§ 23. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every
- •И их производные
- •Употребление местоимений some, any, no, every
- •§ 24. Модальные глаголы (The Modal Verbs)
- •§ 25. Функции глагола to be
- •§ 26. Функции глагола to have
- •§ 27. Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастий
- •§ 28. Функции причастия в предложении. Основные способы перевода
- •§ 29. Независимый причастный оборот
- •Lesson 8
- •§ 30. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Формы герундия
- •Функции герундия
- •Герундиальный оборот
- •Функции герундия и причастия
- •Lesson 9
- •§ 31. Условные придаточные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •§ 32. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива
- •§ 33. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
- •§ 34. Инфинитив как часть сложного дополнения (The Complex Object)
- •§ 35. Инфинитив как часть сложного подлежащего (The Complex Subject)
- •§ 36. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •§ 37. Употребление различных форм сослагательного наклонения
- •§ 38. Особенности страдательного залога
In the case of
all fields of
human activity
В. Подберите к каждому выделенному в А слову или словосочетанию соответствующее ему по значению.
a. for e. a number of
b. area or sphere f. things done by man с are built on g. electric lamps
d. for a long time h. a small factory
Упражнение 2. А. Прочитайте текст и найдите слова или словосочетания, означающие portable, work, generate, at present
Although most electricity comes from power stations, power can also be generated by far smaller means. Nowadays, electricity generators can be small enough to hold in the hand. A portable generator can provide electricity no matter how far you are from the mains (сеть). It works by turning the movement of a piston into electrical energy. Such a generator can produce a 700 watt output, enough to operate lights, television, and some domestic appliances. Larger versions provide emergency power to hospitals and factories.
В. Найдите в тексте, приведенном в А, слова, означающие:
method, way
change, transform
principal wire to transmit electricity into a building
house
to be of no importance
much, considerably
situation needing action as soon as possible
power, energy produced
variant, form
Упражнение З. Заполните пропуски следующими словами:
electricity increase consumers power use generation reduce consumption far users application provide sources energy light
We hear so much these days of local problems of electricity (1) ... Many (2) ... are taking steps to (3) ... their electricity (4) ... This is as a result of the recent (5) ... in electricity tariffs for (6) ... We
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should all try to (7) ... less (8) ..., by insulating our houses, turning off the (9) ... when leaving a room and using less hot water.
We must try to develop alternative (10) ... of energy to (11) ... electricity for domestic and industrial (12) ... It is known that nuclear power comes to the consumer as electricity, which is clean and convenient form of (13) ... Although nuclear (14) ... stations are large, they can be built (15) ... from places where people live.
Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски антонимами выделенных слов.
Though the capital investment, that is, the initial cost of building the nuclear power station, is high, the cost of generating electricity from a nuclear power station is relatively ....
There is a limited supply of fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal on the earth, but a supply of natural uranium is ... .
Cheap impure coal produces much more C02 than coal
of high quality.
4. It is evident to all that an old inefficient power station is more dangerous to the environment than a power station.
Упражнение 5. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.
Verb
Noun
Personal noun
...
producer
...
operation
...
generate
...
...
...
• * •
mover
act
♦ ♦ •
...
design
...
invent
...
...
consume
...
...
• • •
transformation
...
• ♦ •
regulation
...
indicate
...
...
Упражнение б. Составьте возможные словосочетания глаголов из колонки А и существительных из колонки В, переведите их и запомните.
А В
carry out (conduct) a. a problem
solve (face, work at, deal with) b. changes
become с a success
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suffer from d. an effect on
bring about e. measures
have f. study, research, experimen-
tal work
make g. the center of, a part of
develop h. investments
take i. a program, concept, theory
achieve j. noise, pollution
Упражнение 7. Составьте, переведите и запомните словосочетания глагола become со следующими словами:
popular, universal, international, possible, important, better, worse, polluted, worried, interested in.
Упражнение 8. А. Назовите 10-15 ключевых слов и словосочетаний на тему: «Electricity as a source of energy».
В. Speak about:
The main types of fuel or processes used to generate energy in our country.
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REVISION OF LESSONS 1-3
Упражнение 1. Повторите времена группы Indefinite (Simple), Continuous, Perfect Active, Passive. Определите время глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения.
1. What course are you taking here? Business English? — No, I am not doing Business English yet. I am trying to improve my general English, especially conversation. 2. I liked the lecturer better after I had heard him the second time. 3. My friend will take the course in English next semester. 4. Who has finished the test? 5. We looked at him while he was dancing. 6. How many books of Shaw have you read? 7. Why have not you told them about it? 8. I shall still be studying English in two years' time. 9. The books were taken from the library. 10. You can find the books taken from the library on the table. 11. The exams are held in June. 12.1 have been in the laboratory since 8 o'clock. 13. There were many people coming back from their work. 14. Australia is one of the five continents, but it is much smaller than the other four. 15. The light in that room is poor. Please light the candles (свечи). 16. People speak the language of their country. 17. Every country needs good specialists for its further progress of science and technology. 18. By the year 2030 human labour in industry will have been replaced by robots. Families will have robots to do the housework.
Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы.
What devices and machines using electricity
have become a part of our everyday life?
have made electricity most widely used in all fields of science, technology and industry?
are based on its specific properties?
Упражнение З. Заполните пропуски следующими словами:
radar battery generator appliances dynamo transformer
1. ... is a machine that generates electricity, steam, gas, etc. 2. A device giving information about position, movement, etc. is named .... 3. A machine for changing water and steam power into electrical energy is known as .... 4. Food mixers, toasters, modern dish-washers and a number of the most recent home devices are household ....
An apparatus to increase or decrease the voltage of an electric power supply — ... — was invented at the end of the 19th century.
It is known that a portable cell for supplying electricity is called ...