II. Brake problems

Brake or anti-skid problems are usually caused by hydraulic failure.

It should be noted that this doesn’t require urgent measures unless the aircraft has started approach.

The landing distance available may be insufficient and there will be an increased probability of tyre burst. If a tyre burst occurs, this could result in damage to other parts of the aircraft.

As the landing distance may be increased, the pilot can be expected to request the longest RWY possible.

The wheels may become damaged and the aircraft may swerve off the RWY, or overrun it at the far end. It is also possible that with damaged wheels, the RWY and / or the safety strip may become blocked.

Brake problems are not urgent unless the ACFT has started approach. Priority may be given to succeeding traffic as RWY may be blocked once the afflicted aircraft has landed. If blocked, acft will continue to hold or will have to divert.

ATC

In the event of brake problems, Remember:

1. Situation: Coming in for landing.

• Offer the longest RWY possible (ACFT needs more landing distance than usual)

• If tyres have burst, ACFT may remain on runway, make arrangements for succeeding ACFT

2. Situation: On approach

• Inform about length and conditions of the RWY

• Keep RWY and safety strip clear

• Check towing equipment is on standby

• Check that technical staff are on standby, if required

3. Situation: Not yet prepared for landing

• If time permits, let other aircraft land first while RWY is still clear

• Inform about length and conditions of the RWY

• Keep safety strip clear

• Check towing equipment is on standby

• Check that technical staff are on standby, if required

CREW

III. Communication failure

Communication systems are complex. A communication failure may have various causes, which in turn may be simple or complex. They are usually caused by electrical / electronic or hardware problems.

Simple causes:

Communication failure may be caused by a simple technical problem such as a defect in the pilot’s or controller’s headset or microphone, or blocked frequency.

Complex cause:

The causes of communication failure may be more complex, for example:

• a broken wire

• a malfunction of the radio equipment

• a power failure

Originating with ATC:

Remember, communication problems do not always originate with the ACFT.

They may also originate with ATC. A sector or unit frequency may be lost. ATC would quickly become aware of this problem. It would be solved by a change of frequency.

Communication failure may affect the pilot’s ability to communicate in various ways:

The pilot may be able to:

transmit but not receive messages

receive but not transmit messages

send carrier waves only. This is called NON-VERBAL or SPEECHLESS communication.

Whenever possible, the ACFT will squawk A 7600.

Smaller ACFT may be more affected by communication failure than larger ACFT as they have fewer back-up systems.

A controlled flight experiencing communication failure in Visual

Meteorological Conditions shall:

• set transponder to A7600

• continue to fly in VMC

• land at the nearest suitable aerodrome

• report its arrival time by the most expeditious means to the appropriate ATS unit