Теми для співбесіди

1 The effects of the weather on aviation.

2 An airline dispatcher is my future career.

3 A famous aircraft designer.

4 Safety and human factors.

5 Aviation in the future.

6 Future air navigation systems.

7 Weather information for the pilot.

8 Eurocontrol – European organization for the safety of air navigation.

9 The early days of aviation.

10 International Civil Aviation Organization.

11 Aeronautical Information Service.

12 Free flight.

13 Human factors in aviation.

14 Flying – then and now.

15 Boryspil airport.

16 Some large airports in the world.

17 Heathrow airport – one of the largest international airports.

18 My career plans.

19 Careers in civil aviation.

20 Flight safety issues.

21 Security in civil aviation.

22 English in my future career.

23 Some large airlines in the world.

24 Some large airlines in Ukraine.

25 Kirovograd Flight Academy of National Aviation University.

26 Air Traffic Service Faculty of Kirovograd Flight Academy.

27 Aeronautical Information Service in Ukraine.

28 Aeronautical Information Service is my future career.

29 Ukraine International Airlines.

30 Environmental issues in aviation.

Topic 1 the effects of the weather on aviation

Except perhaps for local or very short flights, a pilot, before taking off, obtains a weather forecast giving him the weather conditions which are expected along the route of his flight and at his destination. Because weather conditions affect aircraft in flight, to a considerable extent, special aviation forecasts are provided by meteorologists at weather offices all over the world.

The meteorologist prepares a weather chart which shows the current weather conditions over the whole country. The current weather chart is called a synoptic chart. This synoptic chart shows the areas of low pressure, the areas of high pressure, where precipitation is falling, and all other weather conditions across the country.

From this weather map, the forecaster can advise pilots of the weather conditions they can expect to encounter during their flights. A high pressure area, for instance usually means good weather while a low pressure area usually involves one or more fronts producing clouds and precipitation over many hundreds of miles.

A pilot needs to know the wind direction and speed. A headwind will obviously delay the arrival of flights and must be avoided if at all possible. A tailwind on the other hand, can be of great advantage as it increases the ground speed and results in a reduction in fuel consumption. Winds vary with altitude, and also from one place to another, so information on winds is very important.

Pilots will pay particular attention to a low pressure area. The cold and warm fronts can involve clouds, thunderstorm, snow, rain, and turbulence. From his charts, the meteorologist can forecast where this weather will be at a certain time in the future, and with the help of these predictions, the pilot will decide which route to fly and when and he will know what weather conditions to expect. If the forecast is very bad, for example, dense fog or poor visibility due to fog, the pilot may decide to postpone his flight. A pilot flying VFR will also cancel his flight because of low ceiling or low overcast conditions en route.