§ 27. There are the following compound pronouns formed with every; everyone — everybody — everything.

All of them are used as noun pronouns and take a singular verb. Everyone and everybody can be used only of persons.

e.g. Everyone's got a right to their own opinion.

She took the initiative and herself spoke to everyone she knew. "Everybody's afraid, aren't they?" he said looking at the peo- ple around.

Both everyone and everybody can have the form of the gen- itive case, e.g. He's sure of everyone's consent.

The difference in meaning between everyone and everybody is the same as between someone and somebody (see § 22 above). Only everyone can be followed by an of-phrase.

e.g. He is at once physician, surgeon and healer of the serious illnesses which threaten everyone of us in England today.

Note. The compounds with one are distinct from such groups as every one, any one and some one where one is numerical and refers back to a countable noun that oc curs in the sentence or the context. These groups are often followed by of-phrases. e.g. I have three sisters. Every one of them is beautiful.

The book opened to them new worlds, and every one of them was glorious.

But he knew that it would not take much for every one of them to start talking freely.

Give me one of those books — any one will do.

Everything can be used only of things and also takes a sin- gular verb but it cannot have the genitive case form, e.g. No wonder everything goes wrong in this house.

I'll tell you everything tonight.

One can't have everything.

§ 28. The pronoun each is used as a noun pronoun and as an adjective pronoun. In the former case it is singular in meaning and takes a singular verb (a). In the latter case it is associated with a singular countable noun and can be used when there are at

least two objects of the same description (b). e.g. a) I told them what each was to do in case of an emergency, b) For years I thought I remembered each detail of that day. I have met him each time he has come to London. We examined each specimen minutely. He gave each boy a present.

Each as an adjective pronoun is a synonym of every but there is some difference in meaning between them. Every tends to gath- | er the separate items into a whole; each focuses attention on them individually and so tends to disperse the unity, it takes the mem- bers of a definite group one by one, without adding them up. In other words, every refers to a number of individuals or things, considered as a group; each refers to a number of individuals or things, considered separately.

e.g. Every orange in the crate was wrapped in tissue paper. He care- fully unwrapped each orange before putting it on the scales.

As a result of its specific meaning, each may be followed by an of-phrase, which is not possible in the case of every.

e.g. Each of the men signed his name as he came in. 1'11 send each of you some seeds in the autumn. Each of the ten houses in the row had a garden.

§ 29. The pronoun other can be used as an adjective pronoun and as a noun pronoun.

As an adjective pronoun, it is invariable. When it is preceded by the indefinite article (an), they are written as one word another.

"The other + a singular noun" means 'the second of the two.'

e.g. The insurance offices were on the other side of the street.

He pulled on the other glove and said that, though it was

late, he would run along to his office.

I spent half my time teaching law and the other half in Lon- don as a consultant to a big firm.

"Another + a singular noun" means 'an additional one', 'a dif- ferent one'.

e.g. Young Martin had been sent on another errand to the grocer. Richard stayed for another moment, shifting from one foot

to the other.

We went into another room. I must find myself another job.

"The other +a plural noun" means 'the rest', 'the remaining', e.g. My mother said: "I don't want my boy to suffer in any way

at the side of the other boys in the form." When I returned home I found my wife talking to our neigh- bour. The other guests had gone.

"Other + a plural noun" means 'additional', 'different', 're- maining' . e.g. I have no other friends but you.

"We can do as well as other people," my aunt said.

He said that he would ring Charles up as soon as he got

home. Then he talked of other things all the way. Some children like milk chocolate, other children prefer plain

chocolate.

As a noun pronoun, other has the plural form others and the genitive case forms other's and others'.

Other used as a noun pronoun has the same meanings as when it is used as an adjective pronoun (see above), e.g. Simon set one foot slightly in front of the other, ready to

fight. It was only another of her many disappointments.

If that cigar is too strong, try another.

That may be your opinion, but the others think differently. I

have talked to them. All superiors were important to Mr Vesey, though some were

more important than others. One of his daughters is married to a man who lives by his

pen. The other's husband is a doctor. Note the idiomatic uses of other in the following sentences:

e.g. I don't want him to be other than he is.(= I don't want him

to be different.) She could invent no way of squeezing another nine guineas

out of her budget. (= nine guineas more) Another fifty yards farther on you can see Marcello's boat.

(= fifty yards more)

"I saw your wife the other day," I said. (= a few days ago) And somehow or other he had acquired a wide acquaintance

with the less known parts of the city. (= in some way that

cannot be accounted for) Some idiot or other has been throwing stones at the dog.

§ 30. The pronoun either and its negative counterpart neither are used as noun pronouns and as adjective pronouns. When used as nouns, they take a singular verb. Either usually means 'one or the other of two'.

e.g. Either of these machines is suitable for the work you want

done. "Which of the two rooms would you like, sir?" "Oh, either. I

don't care."

The news did not shock either of them. My wife and I watched him make the parcel but he took no

notice of either of us.

Have you seen either of your parents today? There is a train at 11.30 and one at 12.05. Either train will

get you to Oxford in time for the meeting.

In the above meaning either is mostly used as a noun pronoun, though occasionally it occurs in the function of an attribute (see the last example above).

Either may also mean 'each of two'. In this meaning it is used as an adjective pronoun and mostly found in literary English.

e.g. He came down the road with a girl on either arm. There was a lamp at either end of the street. The houses on either side were tall and big.

Neither means 'not the one nor the other'.

e.g. That evening my mother spoke with such quiet anger that Aunt Milly was intimidated. After that neither of them was ever willing to take up the subject.

The first time we met after the ball, neither of us said a word that was not trivial.

My friend and I came to the end of our last walk. "We shall meet again," she said. "If not next year, then some other time." Neither of us believed it.

You can keep your astonishment and your mortification for yourself. I feel neither.

I have travelled by both trains and neither train had a res- taurant car.

Neither brother has been abroad.