References

1. https://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/slang-to-slanguage/

2. https://linguisticus.wordpress.com/slang-to-slanguage/

3. https://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/slang-to-slanguage/

4. https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=dictionaries%20of%20idioms

5. https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=dictionaries%20of%20idioms

6. https://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/slang-to-slanguage/

7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_slang

8. http://linguaholic.com/topic/2084-hand-idioms-in-english/

9. https://www.usingenglish.com/reference/idiom

10. http://blog.1to1languages.com/2013/03/the-importance-of-idioms-in-language.html

11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English-language_idioms_of_the_19th_century

12. “Trand in teenage talk”; GisleAndersen , Anna-Brita Stenström ; 1998; John Benjamins Publishing Inc.

13. “A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language”;  Kessinger Publishing LLC; January 17, 2007.

14. “The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang”; Oxford University Press; 2 edition; May 2, 2010.

15. “Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics”; Elsevier Science, 2 edition; September 26, 2009.

16. “A Comprehensive Grammar of  the English Language”; Longman, 2nd Revised ed. Edition; May 1985.

17. “Daily Mirror”; 18 July 1997.

18. “Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English”; Pearson Longman, 5th edition; January 21, 2009.

19. “Dandelion Wine”; Ray Bradbury; КАРО, Санкт- Петербург; 2014.

Appendix

List 1 (Idioms of the 19th century)

A

Abbot of Misrule – Lord of Misrule

admirable doctor – Roger Bacon

Attic bee – Sophocles, from the sweetness and beauty of his productions

B

bidding prayer – an exhortation to prayer in some special reference, followed by the Lord's Prayer, in which the congregation joins

blue-gown – a beggar, a bedesman of the Scottish king, who wore a blue gown, the gift of the king, and had his license to beg

bonnet-piece – a gold coin of James V of Scotland, so called from the king being represented on it as wearing a bonnet instead of a crown

Brown, Jones, and Robinson – three middle-class Englishmen on their travels abroad, as figured in the pages of Punch

C

chicard – French loanword; the harlequin of the French carnival, grotesquely dressed up

Circumlocution Office – a name employed by Charles Dickens in his serial novel Little Dorrit (1855–1857) to designate wearisome government bureaucracy

Cockney school – an epithet, originally abusive, for the second generation of Romantic writers, centred on Leigh Hunt, of whom John Keats is the most famous, as centred in London, and by implication lower-middle-class; revived by a school of London working-class writers in the 1890s

comity of nations – the name given for the effect given in one country to the laws and institutions of another in dealing with a native of it; see extraterritoriality

corn-cracker – the nickname of a Kentucky man; pejorative

corpuscular philosophy – the philosophy which accounts for physical phenomena by the position and the motions of corpuscles

Cincinnatus of the Americans – George Washington, after the original Roman Cincinnatus

Conscript Fathers – translates from the Latin PatresConscripti, a term for members of the Roman Senate

D

diamond necklace – specifically, the one belonging to Marie Antoinette

Dircaean swan or Dircæan swan – Pindar, so called from the fountain Dirce, near Thebes, his birthplace

F

faggot vote – a vote created by the partitioning of a property into as many apartments as will entitle the holders to vote

First Gentleman of Europe – George IV of the United Kingdom, from his fine style and manners

Federal Union – generally any union of states in which each state has jurisdiction in local matters, such as the United States

G

Gehenna bailiffs – ministers of hell's justice, whose function is to see to and enforce the rights of hell

Gens Braccata – the Gauls, from braccæ or breeches

Gens Togata – the Romans, from wearing the toga

German Voltaire – name given sometimes to Christoph Martin Wieland and sometimes to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Gothamite – a native of New York City; still in use in some contexts

H

hectic fever – a fever connected with tuberculosis, and showing itself by a bright-pink flush on the cheeks

horn gate – the gate of dreams which come true, as distinct from the ivory gate, through which the visions seen are shadowy and unreal

I

in-and-in – breeding of animals from the same parentage; also an old two-dice game, where "in" is a double and "in-and-in" is double doubles, which sweeps the board

Island of Saints – a poetic name given to Ireland in the Middle Ages

Ivan Ivanovitch – a term invoking a lazy, good-natured Russian

J

Jack Brag – a pretender who ingratiates himself with people above him

O

The Open Secret – the secret that lies open to all, but is seen into and understood by only few, applied especially to the mystery of the life, the spiritual life, which is the possession of all (Thomas Carlyle)

P

passing-bell – a bell tolled at the moment of the death of a person to invite his neighbours to pray for the safe passing of his soul; see death knell

penny wedding – a wedding at which the guests pay part of the charges of the festival

persiflage – a light, quizzing mockery, or scoffing, especially on serious subjects, out of a cool, callous contempt for them

Peter Bell – a simple rustic (William Wordsworth).

petite nature – a French loanword applied to pictures containing figures less than life-size, but with the effect of life-size

pot-wallopers – a class of electors in a borough who claimed the right to vote on the ground of boiling a pot within its limits for six months

pourparler – a diplomatic conference towards the framing of a treaty

Punic faith – a promise that one can put no trust in. From Latin punica fides, alluding to Roman mistrust of Carthage

R

revival of letters – a term for literary aspects of the Renaissance, specifically the revival of the study of Greek literature

Table 1 (The abbreviations of modern mail slang)

Diagram 3 (results of the task #1 test)

Diagram 4 (results of task #2 test)

Diagram 5 (results of task #3 test)

Севастополь 2017