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Lesson Six (The Sixth Lesson)

1.Text: “The Gubkin University”.

2.Words and word combinations.

3.Grammar: Будущее время группы Indefinite (The Future Indefinite Tense).

4.Grammar and lexical exercises.

5.Сообщение на тему “The Orenburg Branch of Gubkin University”

Text: “The Gubkin University”.

Petroleum engineering is a wide sector of national economy and it requires highly qualified specialist. The petroleum industry is expounding, therefore, it needs employees with engineering productivity and manufacturing processes. All these create a lot of job opportunities for petroleum engineers.

Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas is Russia’s principle University of petroleum engineering and a major research centre offering training for specialists of oil and gas production. The University was founded in 1930 by academician I.M. Gubkin. He is known as the prominent scholar who established a new branch of geological science in Russia – petroleum geology. I.M. Gubkin put forward a new idea of training a petroleum engineer with a profound academic background. He stated that a petroleum engineer should be an expert in deep drilling, exploitation chemistry and technology of oil as well as economics. He was the first to introduce a specialpurpose academic program designed to balance theory and practice, field and lab studies. The Gubkin University of today is known worldwide for the excellence of its teaching, research and the quality of its graduates. Lectures, seminars and practical classes are led by the people who are the world experts in their field. The University offers training at many of fields: bachelor, graduate engineer, master, candidate of science and doctor of science. It trains specialists on many specialties: petroleum geology; oil and gas field development; drilling; pipeline and storage design and construction; chemical engineering; environmental engineering; oil and gas field machinery; industrial automation; transportation and processing of hydrocarbons; design and operation of oil product equipment; economics, management, law and many other specialties.

The students of the University have excellent conditions for studies: a good library, laboratories, numerous classrooms, lecture-halls itc. Many of the students do research work and take part in scientific conferences.

The Gubkin University has strong links with many oil and gas producing and processing companies; research institutions, business and industry in Russia and abroad. Gubkin’s teaching is in the top rank nationally and internationally. The University has some branches in a few regions of Russia. The Orenburg branch of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas was founded in 1984. It trains well-educated specialists for oil and gas industry. It’s graduates work at different subdivisions of the enterprise “Gasprom production Orenburg”. It should be noted that Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas and its branches is famous for its first class education. It’s graduates engineers are in great demand and they have excellent employment opportunities in different branches of oil and gas industry.

Words and word combinations:

petroleum engineering – нефтегазовое дело	graduate engineer – дипломированный
to expand – расширяет(ся)	специалист
employee – служащий	scholar – ученый
engineering knowledge – технические	background – подготовка, квалификация
знания	put forward – выдвигать, предлагать
manufacturing processes –	to be in great demand – пользоваться
производственные процессы	большим спросом
research centre – научный центр	employment opportunities – возможности
training – обучение	трудоустройства
bachelor – бакалавр	branch – отрасль
master – магистр	science – наука

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to take part – принимать участие			it should be noted – следует отметить.
		GRAMMAR STUDY
	Спряжение глагола to be в Future Simple (Indefinite)
Утвердительная форма		Вопросительная форма			Отрицательная форма
	I shall/will (’ll) be	Shall/Will I be?			I shall/will not
					(shan’t/won’t) be
He			he		He
She	will (’ll) be	Will	she	be?	She	will not
It			it		It	(won’t) be
We	shall/will (’ll) be	Shall/Will	we	be?	We	shall/will not
						(shan’t/won’t) be
You			you		You	will not
	will (’ll) be	Will		be?
						(won’t) be
They			they		They

Grammar and lexical exercises.

1. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

1.The talk will be very interesting.

2.They will read this book next week.

3.He will help us to solve this problem.

4.The train will arrive of 6 o’clock.

5.There will be a lot of students at the lecture today.

2. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1.Мои друзья придут навестить меня завтра.

2.Я буду рад увидеть вас в нашем городе.

3.Вы идете сегодня на лекцию?

4.Он не закончит этот перевод завтра.

5.В библиотеке сегодня будет много народу.

6.Кто ответит на вопросы?

3.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

нефтегазовое дело, служащий, производительность, возможность, научный центр, обучение, выдающийся, новая отрасль, глубокий, бурение, исследование, качество, область знаний, бакалавр, магистр, разработка, переработка, углеводород, оборудование, условия, крепкие связи, хорошо-образованный, подразделение, предприятие, выпускник университета.

4.Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:

highly qualified petroleum industry engineering knowledge manufacturing processes job opportunities

oil and gas production prominent scholar

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academic background
chemical engineering
scientific conferences
5.	Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
1. a wide sector		1.	превосходство
2. to create		2.	бурение
3. petroleum engineer		3. геологическая наука
4. to offer		4.	дипломированный специалист
5. geological science		5.	создавать
6. excellence		6.	промышленная автоматизация
7. graduate engineer		7.	первоклассное образование
8. drilling		8.	инженер-нефтяник
9. industrial automation		9.	предлагать
10. first class education		10. широкий сектор
6.	Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих слов и
словосочетаний:
1.	добыча	1. national economy
2.	хорошо-образованный	2. to be founded
3.	национальная экономика	3. profound background
4.	возможности трудоустройства	4. to put forward
5.	быть основанным	5. oil products
6.	различные подразделения	6. strong links
7.	нефтяные продукты	7. well-educated
8.	выдвигать	8. different subdivisions
9.	крепкие связи	9. production
10. глубокая подготовка		10. employment opportunities

7.Прочитайте следующие предложения. Найдите в каждом из них группу «подлежащее

– сказуемое», определите время и залог. Составьте вопросы к предложениям.

1.The University was founded in 1930.

2.Entrance examinations are held in July and August.

3.All young people can get a higher education.

4.A university includes a wide range of fields of study.

5.At the University the students have to pass different kinds of exams.

6.The petroleum industry is expanding rapidly now.

7.The graduates have been given profound engineering knowledge.

8.The degree work will be done next week.

9.The students are being listened at the examination now.

10.There are three kinds of higher education institutions in Russia.

8. Прочитайте и укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста.

1.All these create a lot of job opportunities for petroleum engineers.

2.Students study for a degree which takes on average three years of full-time study.

3.Generally, universities award two kinds of degree: the Bachelor’s degree and the Master’s degree.

4.The students of the University have excellent conditions for studies.

5.It trains a well-educated specialists for oil and gas industry.

6.They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities.

7.The University offers training at many of levels.

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8.It’s graduates are in great demand and they have excellent employment opportunities in different branches of oil and gas industry.

9.Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1.Университет основан в 1930 году академиком И.М. Губкиным.

2.Губкин предложил новую идею обучения инженера-нефтяника с глубокой академической подготовкой.

3.Губкинский Университет сегодня всемирно известен своим превосходством обучения, исследованием и качеством своих выпускников.

4.университет имеет крепкие связи со многими нефтегазодобывающими и перерабатывающими компаниями исследовательскими учреждениями, бизнесом и индустрией в России и за рубежом.

5.Оренбургский филиал РГУ нефти и газа имени И.М. Губкина был основан в 1984 году.

6.Его выпускники работают в различных подразделениях предприятия «Газпром добыча Оренбург».

7.Университет имеет филиалы в нескольких регионах России.

8.Следует отметить, что Университет известен своим первоклассным образованием.

10. Ответьте на вопросы:

1.What is Gubkin Russian State University of oil and gas?

2.When was it founded?

3.At what levels does the University offer training?

4.What specialties has the University?

5.Have the students excellent conditions for studies?

6.When was the Orenburg branch founded?

7.Where do the graduates of the Orenburg branch work?

8.Is the quality of Gubkin’s education high?

11. Перескажите текст, используя следующие разговорные формулы: The subject of the text is…; The text deals with…; It should be noted that…

Сообщение на тему: “The Orenburg Branch of Gubkin University”

The Orenburg Branch of Gubkin Russian State University of oil and gas was founded in 1984. The Orenburg Branch has some specialties: oil and gas field development; drilling; pipeline and storage design and construction; chemical engineering; environmental engineering; oil and gas field machinery; industrial automation. There are also priminary courses for applicants and the department of continuing education for specialists working in oil and gas industry. The Orenburg Branch works in close contact with oil and gas producing and processing companies, different oil refineries and gas plants.

The University offers training at many of levels: bachelor, graduate engineer, master, candidate of science, and doctor of science. Gubkin trains specialists on many specialties: oil and gas field development; drilling; pipeline and storage design and construction; chemical engineering; environmental engineering; oil and gas field machinery; industrial automation; management, law and many others. There are a lot of students receiving full-time training and the students attending evening classes. There are also a lot of international students from many countries of the world. The quality of Gubkin education is very high.

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Самостоятельное изучение разделов дисциплины.

Задания, выносимые на самостоятельное изучение

1. Работа с текстами «The English language», «The Discovery of America», «The system of education in USA».

a)Чтение и перевод.

b)Ответы на вопросы.

2.Выучить устные темы: «The United Kingdom», «Our country (Russia) », «The Orenburg Branch of Gubkin University”.

3.Проработать грамматический материал: Основные элементы словообразования.

Артикли. Существительное. Множественное число. Определители существительного. Суффиксы существительных. Наречие. Наречия времени, места. Степени сравнения наречий. Суффиксы наречий. Прилагательное. Степени сравнения прилагательных. Суффиксы прилагательных.

Text «The English language».

English is spoken practically all over the world. It is spoken as the mother tongue in Great Britain, The United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. A lot of people speak English in China, Japan, Africa and other countries. It is one of 6 official languages of the United

Nations. England’s history helps to understand the present conditions of English. Many English words were borrowed from the language Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words came into English. Many new words were brought by traders and travellers. These words came from all parts of the world: “umbrella” – from Italian, “skates” – from Dutch, “tea” – Chinese, “cigar” – from Spanish. Some words came into English directly from Latin, which was the language of the church and the universities in the Middle Ages. Some of the English words of today are derivatives. One way of creating new words is to put together two or more older English words. For example, the words “railway”, “football”, “newspaper” are made in this way. Many of the new English words – especially new scientific ones – have been made from Latin and Greek words instead of English ones. “Telephone” for instance, was made from Greek words “far” and “talk”.

Words and word combinations.

mother tongue – родной язык to borrow – заимствовать

Angles and Saxons – англы и саксы trader – купец

directly – непосредственно derivative – производное слово

Ответьте на вопросы:

1.In what countries is English spoken as the mother tongue?

2.From what languages are some English words borrowed?

3.What English words that came from all parts of the world do you know?

4.Why are there so many words with Latin roots in the English language?

5.What ways of creating new words do you know?

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Text «The Discovery of America».

America was founded by Columbus in 1492. Columbus fled to this country because of persecution by Ferdinand and Isabella, who refused to believe the world was round. Before

Columbus reached America he cried “Ceylon! Ceylon!” because he wanted to see India. When he arrived, he cried again. This time he cried “I have found it!”. Columbus was mistaken in thinking he had reached India. There is still a great deal of confusion about the East and the West. As Columbus discovered, if you go west long enough you find yourself in the east and vice versa. In the New World most of eastern half of the country is called the Middle West although it is known as the East by those who live in the Far West. Columbus, who was as confused as anybody who has been at sea for a long time, called the first people he saw “Indians”. Accompanied by his followers, Columbus made several other voyages in search of India. Try as he might, however, he kept discovering America and finally returned to Spain to die.

Words and word combinations.

persecution – преследование to reach – достигать confusion – путаница voyage – путешествие

Ответьте на вопросы:

1.Who discovered America?

2.Did Columbus intend to reach America or India?

3.Is there any confusion about the East and the West?

4.How did Columbus call first people in America?

5.Did he make other voyages in search of India?

Text «The system of education of the United States». Preschool education and schooling in the USA.

The American system of education differs from the educational systems of other countries. There is по home education in the United States. Each pupil is supposed to attend school. А school provides all the necessary conditions for study.

There are three levels of subsidizing the education:

-federal;

-state;

-local.

Each state makes its own laws for the education system of this area.

The Board of Education which is elected every two years by the residents of the school district, takes control of а school system.

Preschool education.

There is а network of nursery schools and day-care centers where children are looked after while their parents are at work. Preschool education is а part of elementary schools. Preschool education is for the children younger than five.

Schools

There are two kinds of schools in the USA:

-public schools;

-private schools.

The majority of American children attend free public schools. The system of private schools is very popular in the USA. The public schools are subsidized by each state. There is also а number or

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private schools where а free is charged. The cost for education in such schools varies and not each family can afford it.

The school system has two levels:

-elementary (primary);

-secondary (high).

Children start to go to school at the age of five or six and finish it at the age of seventeen or eighteen. The general pattern of education in the USA is an eight-year elementary school, followed by а four-year secondary school. This traditional system has been varied in many different ways.

Usually schools are organized in one of two bases:

-eight years of elementary school and four years of secondary school;

-six years of elementary, three years of junior secondary school and three years of senior secondary school;

-six-year elementary school followed by а six-year secondary school.

Elementary schools give the basic knowledge about the world around us and people who live in it. Pupils are taught to count, to read, to write, to draw, to sing and to dance. In some schools foreign languages are on schedule.

Secondary schools are usually called high schools and their pupils are called students. Marks which are given for their work are called grades.

Pupils study а lot of subjects. In some schools pupils can choose between some subjects.

А school year usually starts at the beginning of September and finishes in the end of June or in the beginning of July. A school year is divided into three terms or trimesters. Pupils have winter and spring breaks for 2 or 3 weeks and summer vacation for 6 or 8 weeks. They go to school five days а week and get to school and from it by а school bus.

A typical school day in America starts at 7.30 a.m. Children have seven lessons (periods) which last from 30 to 55 minutes. There аге 2-5 minutes break (passing) between the periods and 30 minutes break for lunch.

There is an opportunity for the pupils to meet their specific interests in various fields and to spend their free time together. Schools offer а choice for the pupils willing to go in for sports. They may choose а kind of sport which they are keen on: football, basketball, base-ball, tennis, gymnastics, hockey, swimming, golf, volleyball. Such kinds depend on the size and financial resources of the school.

Higher education in the USA

After leaving school young people either start working or enter colleges and universities. The state colleges and universities usual1y charge tuition fees. Usually there is no admission examination required by а state university for those pupils who have finished high school within the state. Private colleges and universities, especially such well-known institutions as Harvard, Princeton, Yale have rigid scholastic requirements for entrance and examination is one of them.

Colleges and universities can be private or public. In any case students have to pay for such education. State colleges and universities are not so expensive as private. Universities and colleges are built as а separate complex which is called "campus" which includes blocks, 1ibraries, dormitories etc. Universities are larger than colleges. The head of college or university is the president. Other members of the faculty hold academic ranks.

Col1eges and universities of the USA offer different programmes from academic to very practical. Students can get technical professions (mechanics, nursing, medical technology, computer technology etc).

Scholarships are possible for those students who succeed in education.

During the first two years students usual1y fol1ow general course and then choose а major subject or area in which they concentrate.

То get bachelor's degree (Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science) young people study for 4 years.

То get master's degree (А Master of Art or Master of Science) people must study 1-2 years more and do а research work.

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То get the highest academic degree (the Doctor of Philosophy) people need more years of study to complete the original research work, pass an oral, comprehensive examination.

Colleges grant а bachelor's degree. They also prepare students for graduate study leading to master's or doctor's degree or a job immediately after graduation.

Words and word combinations necessary conditions – необходимые условия

subsidizing – субсидировать, финансировать

The Boaгd of Education – комитет по образованию preschool education – дошкольное образование nursery school – детский сад

public school – (бесплатная) государственная школа private schools – частная школа

fee – плата

to afford – позволять себе что-либо в денежном отношении elementary (primary) school – начальная школа

secondary (high) school – средняя школа

junior secondаrу school – средняя школа (для учащихся от 12 до 16 лет)

senior secondагу school – полная средняя школа (для учащихся от 12 до 18лет) schedule – расписание

marks, grades – отметки, оценки opportunity – возможность further – дальнейший

tuition fees – плата за обучение admission – прием в учебное заведение rigid – жесткий

in any case – в любом случае president – ректор

dormitory – студенческое общежитие academic rank – ученое звание, должность bachelor's degree – степень бакалавра

Bachelor of Arts – бакалавр гуманитарных наук Bachelor of Science – бакалавр естественных наук master's degree – степень магистра наук

research work – исследовательская работа

Doctor of Philosophy – степень доктора наук

Ответьте на вопросы:

1.What is the pre-school education in the USА?

2.What kinds of schools in the USA do you know?

3.What is an elementary school?

4.What is а Secondary School?

5.Do students have to pay for the higher education in the USA?

6.What programmes do the universities offer for their students?

7.What is the campus?

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ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАНЯТИЯ. Lesson Seven (The Seventh Lesson)

1.Text “Ecological problems”.

2.Words and word combinations.

3.Grammar: The Participle (Причастие).

4.Grammar and lexical exercises.

5.Сообщение на тему: «Environment».

Text “Ecological problems”.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.

Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.

The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crises.

The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Belarus were also polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people’s health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Ukrainian, Belarusian and other nations.

Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.

Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries – members of the UNO – have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organization Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.

But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.

Words and word combinations:

ancient – древний	to pollute – загрязнять
harmony – гармония	substances – вещества
environment – окружающая среда	oxygen – кислород
riches –богатства	rare – редкий
unlimited – неограниченный	destruction – разрушение
to interfere – вмешиваться	ozone – озон
to increase – увеличиваться, возрастать	layer – слой
smoky – дымный	interaction – взаимодействие
enterprises – предприятия	horrible – ужасный
by-product – побочный продукт	disaster – катастрофа
activity – деятельность	to befall – пасть (на что-то)