Career

Vocabulary

care for- заботиться о ком-то

race-track –ипподром

conduct research on health problems –проводить исследование по проблемам здравоохранения

vaccinate against diseases – проводить вакцинацию против

advise s/b about (on) –проконсультировать по проблеме

treat –оказать медицинскую помощь, лечить

joint –сустав

provide veterinary services for –обеспечивать ветеринарное обслуживание

heard –стадо

involve –вовлекать

to be involved –принимать участие

test for diseases –тест на болезнь

limb –конечность

perform surgery –осуществлять хирургическое вмешательство

slaughtering plants –бойни

carcass –туша

food security –продовольственная безопасность

prevent –предотвращать

preventive care ( measures) –профилактика, профилактические меры

dedicate –посвящать

Reading

Veterinary medicine

Veterinary medicine is the branch of science that deals with the application of medical, surgical, public health, dental, diagnostic and therapeutic principles to non-human animals, including wildlife and domesticated animals, including livestock, working animals, and companion animals. Practitioners of veterinary medicine are known as veterinarians. In most developed countries veterinarians are highly qualified professionals with advanced educations. Veterinary science helps

human health through the monitoring and control of zoonotic disease (infectious disease transmitted from non-human animals to humans) and veterinary scientists often collaborate with epidemiologists. The Egyptian Papyrus of Kahun (1900 BCE) and Vedic literature in ancient India offer one of the first written records of veterinary medicine.

Modern veterinary medicine is aided by the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for many species. Today animals may receive advanced medical, dental, and surgical care, including insulin injections, root canals, hip replacements, cataract extractions, and pacemakers.

Veterinary specialization has become more common in recent years. Currently 20 veterinary specialties are recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), including anesthesiology, behavior, dermatology, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, cardiology, oncology, ophthalmology, neurology, radiology and surgery. To become a specialist, a veterinarian must complete additional training after graduation from veterinary school in the form of an internship and residency, and then pass a rigorous examination. Veterinarians assist in ensuring the quality, quantity, and security of food supplies by working to maintain the health of livestock and inspecting the meat itself. Veterinary scientists occupy important positions in biological, chemical, agricultural and pharmaceutical research. Zoologic medicine, which encompasses the healthcare of zoo and wild animal populations, is another veterinary specialty that has grown in importance and sophistication in recent years as wildlife conservation has become more urgent.

Today’s veterinarian

According to consumer surveys, the veterinarian ranks across the United States as one of the most respected career paths .Veterinarians are encouraged to take an oath in which they swear to use their knowledge and skills for the overall benefit of society through protecting the health needs of every species of animal and also environmental protection, food safety, and public health. Many of today’s veterinarians are dedicated to working long difficult hours to live out this oath in their respective practices.

There are many personal attributes to a successful career in veterinary medicine, the most important being a scientific mind, good communication skills, and management experience. Having a scientific mind consists of having an inquiring mind and a keen sense of observation. A career in veterinary medicine means a lifelong pursuit in scientific learning, so an interest in the biological sciences is a must and a genuine love and understanding of animals is crucial. Good communication skills are vital because veterinarians should be able to meet, talk, and work well with a variety of personalities and characters. Compassion is essential for success in the career field because they will be working directly with their animal client’s human owners, who most likely have strong bonds with their pets. Many of the fields within the career require the veterinarians to manage other employees and businesses as a whole. These positions are made more rewarding and simpler if one has a background in basic management or leadership positions.

Gender distribution

Historically, veterinary medicine used to be a man’s world. Nowadays, most students in veterinary school are women, and it was in 2005 that women became the majority. For instance, out of 77 new doctors from Tufts University, 62 of them are women, 75 percent of 2002 graduates were women, and 81 percent of those from the University of California at Davis were women. Women have also made these increased strides in other professions, such as law and medicine, where the distribution is half and half, but the number of women in veterinary medicine is shocking. Many veterinary students have reported that the reason for this is because veterinary salaries are not as competitive as those of other medical professions. This shift in gender distribution can also be attributed to the personality of this career and the qualities that would result in the most successful practice. Additionally women are attracted to the flexible scheduling and part-time physicians are not very common, but part- time veterinarians are. The shift of women becoming the majority in veterinary medicine has some negative effect in areas such as farm animal and food industry veterinarians, causing them to suffer. This is because women tend not to go into these fields and consequently the shortage that is produced has negative effects on the community as a whole.