Vocabulary practice

1. Which word does not belong to the group?

a) class, object, function, method;

b) overloading, inheritance, polymorphism, lambda expression;

c) static, private, protected, public;

d) Smalltalk, Prolog, C++, Java;

e) Boolean, String, Multivalued, Double;

f) overclass, class, subclass, superclass.

2. Fill in the missing words choosing from the variants given.

1. … allows programmers to create a single, generic name for a procedure that behaves in unique ways for different classes.

a) inheritance b) paradigm c) polymorphism

2. The OO paradigm defines a(an) … as a unit of data that represents an abstract or real-world entity.

a) method b) object c) class d) attribute

3. Which type of diagrams are often used to plan the OO classes for a program?

a) HTML b) UML c) XML d) Flowchart

4. Which of the following items is not a typical feature of an object-oriented language?

a) polymorphism b) inheritance c) classes d) relationships

5. In the context of OO, a class attribute … .

a) defines the characteristics of a set of objects

b) defines the behavior of an object

c) is used to determine if an object exists

d) is another name for an object

6. The set of superclasses and subclasses related to each other is referred to as … .

a) a class hierarchy b) a set of independent classes

c) a set of classes with a common parent

3. Transform the following sentences without any change in meaning. Use the prompts as they are given (words in brackets, parts of sentences).

1. For the pizza program, objects and classes make it easy to compare round pizzas to rectangular pizzas rather than just to square pizzas (comparison).

2. A method begins with a line that names the method and can indicate a description of its scope and data type (describe).

3. The abbreviation “OO” is used to describe a programming paradigm as well as a variety of computer programming languages (description).

4. In the object-oriented world, objects interact to solve a problem by sending and receiving messages (interaction).

5. When taking the object-oriented approach to a problem, one of the first steps is to identify the objects that pertain to a solution (identification).

6. A basic way to use objects is to manipulate them with methods (manipulation).

4. Fill in the gaps in the text.

The object-oriented paradigm is based on the idea that the solution to a problem can be visualized in terms of objects that ___ with each other. An object is a single instance of an entity. Programmers can use a ___ as a template for a group of objects with similar characteristics. Classes can be derived from other classes through a process called ___. The set of superclasses and subclasses that are related to each other is referred to as a class ___. OO programmers often use ___ Modeling Language diagrams to plan the classes for a program. Objects interact to solve problems by exchanging ___ which initiate an action, process, or procedure. OO programmers can create ___ to define what happens once an action is initiated.

Speaking. Discuss the following questions.

1. What is the basic focus of the objected-oriented paradigm?

2. What’s the difference between an object and a class?

3. How do I define the classes I need to solve a problem?

4. How do I code a class when writing a program?

5. How flexible are classes for defining different types of objects?

6. What is inheritance?

7. How do I code a subclass?

8. How does an OO program use objects?

9. What can a method do?

10. What does a method look like when it has been coded in Java?

Text D

Reading. Read the text and try to guess the meaning of the words in bold. Check your variants in the dictionary.