Контрольная работа № 7

Вариант 1

1. The government is gradually reducing export duties tariffs on oil. However, the reduction rate of duty is not able to change the situation in the industry. Because of high customs duty, the crude oil export is reducing, but it doesn’t influence the domestic fuel prices.

One possible solution to this problem of export duties is to develop new formation systems of export duty.

For example, recently they developed a system in which the duties on petroleum products are calculated by using the formulas approved by the calculated coefficients: the light and middle distillates, diesel fuel, benzene, toluene, xylenes - 0.67 in 2011, 0.64 in 2012 and 0.60 in 2013, fuel oil, lubricating oil and other, waste oils, petrolatum and paraffin wax, petroleum coke and bitumen - .467 in 2011, 0.529 - in 2012, and 0.60 - in 2013.

2. The average price for Urals oil from March 15 to April 14 was $ 120.7605 per barrel.

Reduced export duty on oil from a number of fields in Eastern Siberia and the North Caspian Sea may be reduced by $ 9.1 to $ 232.4 per ton from $ 241.5 per tonne.

Unified rate of export duty on petroleum products in May could reach $ 296 compared with $ 304 in April.

A new procedure for calculating export duties on oil and oil products, "60-66" was introduced October 1, 2011. It takes into account 60% of the difference between the track and the price of oil at $ 182.5 per tonne.

Duties on light and heavy oil set at 66% of oil duty, while maintaining high level of duties on exports of gasoline - 90% of the duty on oil.

Since 2015 export duties on heavy petroleum products will increase to the level of duty on crude oil ..

Вариант 2

1. Qatar National Bank's investment company recently released a report that OPEC in the upcoming June 8 meeting in Vienna, crude oil production quota allocation on the problems facing, particularly rising oil prices could lead to oil demand.

Reported that OPEC crude oil supply and demand balance in the realization of challenges facing: rising oil prices will push OPEC countries increase production of crude oil, but high oil prices will affect economic development in oil-importing countries, resulting in reduced demand for crude oil, the oil market will eventually over-supply situation, Which in turn lead to an international oil prices.

The report predicts that, due to the current crude oil production quota reallocation of many problems facing the OPEC member states will likely maintain the current crude oil production quotas unchanged, to be decided after a period of observation.

2. The economic needs of the OPEC member states often affects the internal politics behind OPEC production quotas. Various members have pushed for reductions in production quotas to increase the price of oil and thus their own revenues. These demands conflict with Saudi Arabia's stated long-term strategy of being a partner with the world's economic powers to ensure a steady flow of oil that would support economic expansion.

One production dispute occurred on September 10, 2008, when the Saudis reportedly walked out of OPEC negotiating session where the organization voted to reduce production. Although Saudi Arabian OPEC delegates officially endorsed the new quotas, they stated anonymously that they would not observe them. The New York Times quoted one such anonymous OPEC delegate as saying “Saudi Arabia will meet the market’s demand. We will see what the market requires and we will not leave a customer without oil. The policy has not changed.”

OPEC is a swing producer and its decisions have had considerable influence on international oil prices. At that time, OPEC nations — including many who had recently nationalized their oil industries — joined the call for a new international economic order to be initiated by coalitions of primary producers. Concluding the First OPEC Summit in Algiers they called for stable and just commodity prices, an international food and agriculture program, technology transfer from North to South, and the democratization of the economic system.