28.Newspaper style & it’s l-ge

Newspaper style is a system of interrelated lexical, phraseological and grammatical means which is perceived by the community speaking the language as a separate unity that basically serves the purpose of informing and instructing the reader.

To attract the reader’s attention specific headlines, space ordering, a large proportion of dates, personal names of countries, institutions, and individuals are used.

a) Brief news items function -to inform the reader. It states only facts without giving comments. (specific vocabulary features , extensive use of special political and economic terms; non-term political vocabulary; newspaper cliché; abbreviations; neologisms.

b) The headline. The headline is the title given to a news item of a newspaper article. function- to inform the reader briefly of what the news that follows is about. Syntactically headlines are very short sentences or phrases of a variety of patterns: interrogative sentences; nominative sentences; elliptical sentences; sentences with articles omitted; phrases with verbals; complex sentences;

c) Advertisements and announcements. function- to inform the reader.

2 basic types of them:

1)classified(various kinds of information are arranged according to subject-matter into sections, each bearing an appropriate name.)

2) non-classified (the variety of language form and subject-matter is so great that hardly any essential features common to all be pointed out.)

d) The editorial bears the stamp of both the newspaper style and the publistic style. The function is to influence the reader by giving an interpretation of certain facts. Emotional coloring is achieved with the help of various SD (metaphors and epithets), both lexical and syntactical, the use of which is largely traditional.

29. The style of scientific prose

3 subdivisions:

1) the style of humanitarian sciences;

2) the style of "exact" sciences;

3) the style of popular scientific prose.

Function

- is to work out and ground theoretically objective knowledge about reality

- to prove a hypothesis,

-to create new concepts,

-to disclose the internal laws of existence, development, relations between different phenomena, etc.

The peculiarities are: objectiveness; logical coherence, impersonality, unemotional character, exactness.

Consists mostly of ordinary words which tend to be used in their primary logical meaning. The impersonal and objective character of SPS is revealed in the frequent use of passive constructions, impersonal sentences. Personal sentences are more frequently used in exact sciences.

Scientific popular style has the following peculiarities: emotive words, elements of colloquial style.

There are following characteristic features of scientific style: 1. the logical sequence of utterances;

2. the use of terms specific to each given branch of science;

3. so-called sentence-patterns. They are of 3 types: postulatory, argumentative and formulative.

4. the use of quotations and references;

5. the frequent use of foot-note which helps to preserve the logical coherence of ideas.