Exercises to be done in class.

1. Answer the questions.

What's the difference between the syntax and the accidence?

How many parts of the sentence are there?

What's the difference between the principal and secondary pats of the sentence?

What are the most important differences between ways of realization of the subject in English and in Russian?

Can personal pronouns in the objective case be used as a subject?

How can the syntactic function of interrogative pronouns be stated? Can you give an example of an interrogative pronoun used as attribute?

What are differences and similarities between the notional pronoun it and demonstrative pronoun that (this) used as a subject?

What is the structure of the sentence with the emphatic it (introductory it )?

2. Make up a text on the topic “Education” according to the following scheme.

In the first sentence of the text the subject is expressed by a personal name, in the second – by the emphatic pronoun it, in the third – by an infinitive, in the forth – by notional it, in the fifth - by a personal pronoun, in the sixth – by notional it.

3. Complete the sentences in the following text using different types of the pronoun it as subject.

1. At nine o’clock, I went out. 2. ........... . 3. At first corner, I ran across a man. 4. .... , who wore a very remarkable coat. 5. .........., but rain and sun had so changed it that...... colour.

4. Use emphatic it before the stressed parts of the sentences. Give proper intonation while reading the sentences.

Model: `I recognised him when he came up.  It was I who recognised

him when he came up.

I recognised him `when he came up.  It was when he came up

that I recognised him.

1.a. `He read O.Wilde’s novel. b. He read `O.Wilde’s novel. 2. a. `I met him on my way home. b. I met him `on my way home. c. I met `him on my way home. 3. a. `The students couldn’t read the book in the original because of difficult vocabulary. b. The students couldn’t read the book in the original `because of difficult vocabulary. 4. a. `He defended his dissertation in Moscow. b. He defended his dissertation `in Moscow. 5. a. This `party came to power two years ago. This party came to power `two years ago. 6. a. `The scholar delivered an interesting report at the conference. b. The scholar delivered an interesting report `at the conference.

5. Find in the text Three Men in a Boat (see Appendix) the paragraph, in which in the first sentence the subject is expressed by the demonstrative pronoun it, in the second – by a personal name, in the third – by a personal pronoun, in the forth – by a noun, in the fifth – by a personal pronoun.

6. Insert a subject .

1. Now, (infinitive) through a stormy night and with wet clothes, and, in addition, (infinitive) ill nourished and not ( infinitive) meat for a week or a month, is about as severe a hardship as a man can undergo. (London) 2. The mining (noun) might make wealth and power for a few men and women. 3. , (pronoun) of course, in her present mood was so incredibly beautiful. (pronoun) began to laugh. (Mansfield). 4. (infinitive) on good terms with people one must share their work and interests. (Prichard) 5. His was the harsh world of reality. (pronoun) could walk around his drawing. (Stone) 6. (gerund) the district of Cremmen wasn't turning out to be an easy and pleasant job. (Heym) 7. For a woman (infinitive) at her best is a point of discipline. (James) 8. (gerundial construction) home has made me as foolish as a young girl of nineteen. (Abrahams). 9. (pronoun)of us is a prisoner in a solitary tower. 10. What (pronoun) shall do with my life is not clear to me. 11. There was (pronoun) very striking in him. 12. (pronoun) has happened to you. 13. (gerundial construction) worthy of his confidence was well proved. 14. (pronoun) is an impertinence (infinitive) to him like this.