- •1 Business Organization
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •5 Complete the sentences using these often confused words: economic - economical, economics – economy
- •Grammar: Present Simple vs Present Continuous We use the Present Simple (V / Vs):
- •2 Business Organization and the Economy
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •Grammar: Past Simple vs Past Continuous We use the Past Simple:
- •We use the Past Continuous:
- •3 Ownership
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Grammar: Present Perfect – Теперішній доконаний час (1)
- •4 Business Relationship
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 The words in the box frequently occur after "company". Find combinations that mean:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •We use the Present Perfect Simple:
- •1 Choose the correct verb form:
- •3 Make sentences about the following people:
- •5 Put for or since into each gap. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •6 Ask these people questions about their experiences:
- •7 Open the brackets. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •5 Companies’ Restructuring
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Grammar: Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •1 Choose the correct verb form to complete these dialogues. Practise saying the dialogues in pairs:
- •2 Cross out the sentence which has a mistake:
- •3 Open the brackets using Past Simple or Present Perfect:
- •6 Organizational Structure
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 The words in the box frequently occur before "manager". Find combinations that mean:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •5 Choose the correct word:
- •Grammar: Present Perfect Continuous – Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час
- •We use the Present Perfect Continuous:
- •7 Employment
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 The words in the box frequently occur after "job". Find combinations that mean:
- •4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •6 Complete the sentences using these often confused words: to provide - to secure - to ensure
- •Grammar: Past Perfect – Минулий доконаний час (1)
- •8 Human Resources
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •5 Complete the sentences using these often confused words: employer - employee
- •1 Make sentences from the chart:
- •2 Put numbers in the brackets to show the order in which each action happened:
- •3 Put the verbs in brackets one in the Past Simple and one in the Past Perfect:
- •4 Open the brackets using Past Perfect or Past Simple:
- •5 Translate into English using the Past Perfect Tense:
- •6 Write down five things you had or hadn’t done by 10 pm yesterday.
- •9 Recruitment Procedure
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Grammar: Past Tenses (Simple / Continuous / Perfect)
- •1 Complete the sentences with the verb in bold in either the Past Simple or the Past Perfect:
- •2 Past Simple or Past Continuous? Underline the correct tense:
- •3 Put the verb in brackets in either the Past Simple or Past Perfect Simple:
- •4 Complete these sentences. Use past tenses only and add any other words that are necessary:
- •5 Open the brackets using either Past Simple, Past Continuous, or Past Perfect:
- •10 Applying For a Job: Interviewing
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •5 Complete the sentences using these often confused words: power – strength
- •Grammar: Past Perfect Continuous – Минулий перфектно-тривалий час
- •11 Applying For a Job: Writing a Resume
- •Grammar: Tense Revision (Present Time)
- •12 Applying For a Job: cv
- •1 Read the sections of a cv (a-h) and match them with the headings (1-8):
- •2 Complete (1-5) with the highlighted words from the cv above:
- •3 Work in pairs. Look at these 'rules' for writing a cv. Which ones do you agree with? Why?
- •International marketing manager
- •Curriculum Vitae vs Resume?
- •13 Executive Pay
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 The words in the box frequently occur after "pay". Find combinations that mean:
- •4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •6 Complete the sentences using these often confused words: salary - income - pay - wage
- •Grammar: Tenses used to describe Future
- •14 Leaving a Job
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Grammar: Майбутній доконаний час – Future Perfect
- •1 Use the future perfect (simple or continuous) to put the beginnings and ends together:
- •2 A romantic novelist writes 300-page books. She writes ten pages a day, and takes no holidays. Use the future perfect to answer the questions:
- •3 Complete the following sentences with a verb in the Future Perfect Simple or Continuous:
- •4 Answer the questions about you. What will you have done…
- •15 The economy
- •I. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Future Continuous vs Future Perfect
- •16 What is economics?
- •I. Translate into English:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Future Simple / Continuous / Perfect
- •1 Put the beginnings and ends together. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •3 Complete the sentences using future continuous or future perfect:
- •4 Read the conversation and choose the correct form of the future. Practise the dialogue in pairs:
- •5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future form:
- •17 Macroeconomics and microeconomics
- •Grammar: Часи групи Perfect Continuous
- •1 Put together the beginnings and ends of the conversations. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •2 Complete the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense of the verbs below:
- •3 Read the story and answer the questions using the past perfect continuous:
- •5 How long will you have been learning English / using your computer (mobile phone) / going to college / saving money for something you’d like to have / living in your present house by next summer?
- •18 The economy of ukraine
- •Grammar: Tense Revision Test (1)
- •19 The economy of the united kingdom
- •Grammar: Tense Revision Test (2)
- •20 Markets and market orientation
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 The words in the box frequently occur after "sector". Find combinations that mean:
- •4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian
- •Grammar: Active Tenses – Revision
- •3 Open the brackets using future simple or future continuous:
- •4 Translate the sentences into English:
- •21 National-income accounting
- •I. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Grammar 1: Типи питальних речень
- •1 Make questions and define their type. Write possible answers. Translate the questions into Ukrainian:
- •Grammar 2: Negative questions – Питально-заперечні речення
- •2 Write informal negative questions to ask somebody:
- •3 Use negative questions to confirm the following ideas. Be careful with the tenses.
- •4 Use negative questions to confirm the following ideas:
- •5 Write possible short answers to the negative questions. Translate the questions into Ukrainian.
- •22 Taxes
- •Grammar: Revision of articles – Вживання артиклів
- •3 Відсутність артикля
- •2 Find one mistake in each sentence:
- •3 Put a / an, the, or nothing (-). Explain your choice:
- •4 Put the correct article where necessary:
- •5 A, an, the or - (nothing)?
- •23 Supply, demand and market prices
- •I. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Grammar: Passive Voice (Simple) – Пасивний стан групи Simple
- •24 Wholesaling
- •Grammar: Passive Voice (Continuous) – Пасивний стан групи Continuous
- •25 Retail trade
- •Grammar: Passive Voice (Perfect) – Пасивний стан групи Perfect
- •26 Labour and capital
- •Grammar: Passive Tenses – Revision (1)
- •27 Inflation
- •I. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Grammar: Passive Tenses – Revision (2)
- •1 Choose the correct answers. Explain your choice:
- •2 Complete the sentences using the words in the brackets in the Passive Voice and define their tense:
I. Give English equivalents of the following:
еластичність; вартість продукції; взаємодія; закон пропозиції; закон попиту; кількість товарів і послуг; зміни в постачанні; ринкова ціна; товари для продажу; рівень виробництва
II. Fill in the gaps with: prices; sellers; demand; tables and graphs; consumers; market
1 Economists often use ... to illustrate and explain their work. 2 Market economics are directed by ... . 3 ... is a consumer's willingness and ability to buy a product or service at a particular time and place. 4 Buyers and sellers have full knowledge of the prices quoted in the ... . 5 In some countries prices are set by the ... . 6 Many ... who are concerned about the environment are refusing to buy soft drinks in plastics.
ІІІ. Answer the questions:
1 What is the rationing effect of prices? 2 What are the functions of prices? 3 How are prices determined in a free market economy? 4 What causes prices to rise and fall in a market economy? 5 What is demand? 6 What does the law of demand describe? 7 When is demand described as elastic or inelastic? 9 What is supply? 10 What is equilibrium or market price?
ІV. Translate into English:
1 Ціни управляють ринковою економікою. 2 Ціни спонукають виробників до збільшення або зниження рівня випуску товарів. 3 У вільній ринковій економіці ціни визначаються взаємодією чинників пропозицій і попиту. 4 Ціна, за якою фактично продають товари та послуги, називається ринковою ціною. 5 Зміни в попиті та пропозиції впливатимуть на ринкові ціни. 6 Ринкова ціна – єдина, яка може існувати протягом певного часу в умовах цілковитої конкуренції. 7 Попит – це бажання та спроможність споживача купити товар чи послугу в певний час і в певному місці.
Grammar: Passive Voice (Simple) – Пасивний стан групи Simple
be (am/is/are; was/were; will be) + Past Participle (V3 / Ved) |
У реченнях пасивного стану підметом виступає додаток речення активного стану. Але пасив – не лише інший спосіб вираження того самого речення в активі. Вибір стану залежить від того, що нас більше цікавить.
Порівняйте наступні речення:
Shakespeare wrote |
Hamlet |
in 1599. (Нас більше цікавить автор.) |
Hamlet, |
one of the greatest dramatic tragedies, was written by Shakespeare. (Нас більше цікавить п’єса.)
|
Дуже часто слово by та дійова особа не вказуються в пасивному реченні, тому що:
- дійова особа не відома:
My bicycle was stolen yesterday. (Мій велосипед вчора вкрали.)
- дійова особа не важлива:
English is spoken all over the world. (Англійською розмовляють в усьому світі.)
- дійова особа зрозуміла з контексту:
I was fined £100 for speeding. (Мене оштрафували на 100 фунтів за перевищення швидкості.)
Ex.1. Change the following from active to passive:
1 The company manager increased my salary last week. …………………………………….......................
2 We bought this car last Friday. …………………………………………………………………………….
3 They paid for this service in cash. ………………………………………………………………………….
4 We seldom undertake such activities to protect the consumers' rights. ………………………...................
………………………………………………
5 We informed the customer of the delivery of his order. ……………………………………………...........
…………………….
6 The company increased the commission paid to agents. ………………………………………………….
……………………………..
7 Human Resources department recruits new staff every year. ……………………………………………..
………………..
8 Research and Development department developed several new products last year. ………………………
………………………………………………………..
9 My company opened several subsidiaries in different locations. ………………………………………….
………………………………
10 Manufactures investigate consumer tastes. …………………………………………………....................
11 Ford announced the loss of 4,000 jobs yesterday. ……………………………………………………….
12 British Airlines forbids smoking during the flight. ………………………………………………………
Ex.2. Complete the sentences using the correct passive (simple) form of the verbs in brackets:
1 He …………………… (not invite) to the conference if he doesn't present a report. 2 I …………………..
(not pay) enough for the work I do. 3 A security system …………………… (install) in this laboratory next week. 4 Newspapers …………………… (deliver) every day except weekends. 5 The problem ……………
……… (solve) by the committee a week ago. 6 Taxes …………………… (reduce) in a few years. 7 The office …………………… (wash) every day. 8 The delegation …………………… (meet) at the airport. 9 Our working conditions …………………… (change) by new equipment. 10 The most important decisions usually …………………… (take) by the owners of a company. 11 Services in tourism …………
…….………… (provided) by tourist companies. 12 When a private company ………………… (buy) by the state and ………………… (bring) into public sector, it is nationalized.
Ex.3. Translate into English:
1. Коло послуг нашої компанії було розширене минулого року. 2. Ці товари завжди купуються для перепродажу. 3. Права споживача захищаються державою. 4. Цей закон про захист прав споживачів був прийнятий кілька років тому. 5. Ця інформація завжди розповсюджується рекламними агенціями. 6. Смаки споживачів будуть досліджуватися нашим маркетинговим відділом. 7. Клієнтам нашого банку будуть запропоновані значні знижки. 8. Побутові послуги сплачуються за допомогою пластикової картки. 9. Декілька працівників нашої фірми було звільнено за цінову дискримінацію покупців. 10. Ми не можемо повірити вашим словам, оскільки всі ваші вимоги були задоволені. 11. Спільне підприємство було створено своєчасно і зараз ми маємо великий прибуток. 12. Проект будівництва цього готелю був затверджений ще в 2009 році.