3. Read the text about Great Britain and get ready to retell it.

Great Britain is situated on the British Isles. It consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is surrounded by seas on all sides and is separated from the continent by the North Sea and the English Channel.

There are many rivers in Britain. They are not long but some of them are deep. The longest river is the Severn. There are many mountains in the north of England and in Scotland but they are not very high. The highest mountain in Great Britain is Ben Nevis. There are many lakes in Scotland. The most beautiful is Loch Lomond.

Great Britain has a very good position as it lies on the crossways of the sea routes from Europe to the other parts of the world. There are many countries which are connected with Great Britain by sea. Thanks to Gulf Stream the climate of Great Britain is mild. It is often foggy and rainy. The summer is not very hot and the winter is not very cold.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It lives by manufacture and trade. Its agriculture provides only half the food it needs, the other half of its food has to be imported. Britain is one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world: for every person employed in agriculture, eleven are employed in mining, manufacturing and building. The main branches of British economy are engineering, mining, ship-building, motor vehicle manufacturing, textile, chemistry, electronics, fishing and food processing. The industrial centres of Great Britain are London, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield and others.

The economy of the United Kingdom is the seventh-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal GDP and the seventh-largest measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). The British economy consists of the economies of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The UK is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization.

Notes: GDP - ВВП; валовий внутрішній продукт

purchasing power parity - паритет купівельної спроможності (ПКС)

Commonwealth of nations – співдружність націй

International Monetary Fund – МВФ (міжнародний валютний фонд)

World Trade Organization - Всесвітня торгова організація (ВТО)

4. Read the text about Ukraine in the Second world war and discuss it.

There are many historical research works and volumes of fiction about the Second World War. Two fascist dictatorships - Hitlerite and Stalinist - came into conflict. The former Soviet Union was not prepared to the war. The war was forced upon it by the Hitlerite Germany. Mortal danger loomed over the country.

Numerous were the forces that rose to resist the enemy. Many glorious pages did they add to the history of that terrible war. The regular troops fought at the front, while there was a large-scale guerrilla war in the rear. But there was the force that led both kinds of military actions. It was the Ukrainian Rebel Army. The 14-th of October, 1942 is considered to be the birthday of the Ukrainian Rebel Army. Volyhn is considered to be the Motherland of the Army

The Ukrainian Rebel Army stood between the two forces waging war, the former USSR and fascist Germany. The patriots that joined it did not want any invader on their Ukrainian land, neither Russian nor German.

The Ukrainian nationalist movement spread all over the country. The first victims of the fascist occupational regime were those who were at the head of the movement. In spring 1942 fascists shot Olena Teliha, a famous Ukrainian poetess and nationalist activist.

In September, 1942 in the concentration camp "Osvientsim" the two brothers of Stepan Bandera were murdered. In 1944 in the concentration camp 'Sacsenhausen' Oleh Olzhich was murdered. He was a poet and publicist, a heroic fighter for the freedom and independence of Ukraine.

After the long-time war against fascists the URA and other nationalist organizations turned their weapons against the Soviet regime. That is why for a long time it was forbidden to mention those heroes. The whole generation grew up without any idea about the whole period of its closest history. But the heroes lived deep in the hearts of the people who saw and remembered them and secretly told their children and grandchildren about the noble fight of the legendary patriots. Only now we can honour our national heroes. Not only the Ukrainians fought in the ranks of the Ukrainian Rebel Army. People of different nationalities of the former USSR and citizens of many European countries joined it. This was really an international army.

The heroic struggle of the URA is being studied nowadays. Volumes are written and published about this glorious but yet unknown page of our history.