Unit V countries of the world Text I

■ Skimming

1) Gross National Product – the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year, including income received from money invested in other countries.

2) Students’ own answer.

Ex. 1.

a) – 4) ; b) – 3) ; c) – 2) ; d) – 6) ; e) – 1) ; f) – 5)

■ Scanning

Ex. 2.

1) The term was coined by Bhutan’s King. It defines prosperity in more holistic terms and measures actual well-being rather than consumption.

2) It measures only the sum total of material production and exchange in any country

3) It could well be the most significant advances in economic theory over the past 150 years.

4) Because production systems and consumption patterns are out of sync with the carrying capacity of the planet.

5) It pertains to the quality of nutrition, housing, education, health care and community life.

6) Wider awareness that that GNP is a misleading measure; a wide range of indices offering a more realistic assessment of material prosperity; growing pressure for an infusion of moral and cultural values into the core of economic policy.

7) Social crises; depression; sales of arms, violence on TV.

8) Moral and ethical values are placed at the core of their economic strategies for ensuring better food, housing and health for the population. They expanded the network of roads and increased the forest cover.

■ Vocabulary Study

Ex. 3.

1) – g) ; 2) – e) ; 3) – f) ; 4) – c) ; 5) – a) ; 6) – b) ; 7) – d)

Ex. 4.

1) – f) ; 2) – e) ; 3) – a) ; 4) – h) ; 5) – g) ; 6) – i) ; 7) – b) ; 8) – c) ; 9) – d)

Ex. 5.

1) commitment; 2) governance; 3) accountability; 4) attainment; 5) manifestation; 6) advancement; 7) prosperity; 8) abundance

Ex. 6.

1) live up to; 2) is out of sync with; 3) flesh it out; 4) at the core

Ex. 7.

1) – with ; 2) – in ; 3) – at ; 4) – to ; 5) – in

Ex. 8.

1) – b) ; 2) – d) ; 3) – b) ; 4) – a) ; 5) – c)

Ex. 9.

1) – c) ; 2) – e) ; 3) – d) ; 4) – f) ; 5) – a) ; 6) – b)

Text II

■ Skimming

Ex. 1.

A gift should be refused three times before being accepted

A gift should be gift-wrapped and offered with both hands

If your gift is not accepted you should understand and withdraw it.

Offer gifts after negotiations are concluded

It’s a good idea to give gifts on behalf of your company

Never give the same item to people of different rank or stature

The more senior the person, the more expensive the gift

You shouldn’t offer a gift to one person in front of the group

A gift’s value should be commensurate with the level of the business dealings

You should be careful to select the right colors and numbers

It’s a good idea to select gifts and gift wrap them in a local shop

■ Scanning

Ex. 2.

1) False: they accept gifts with a reserved demeanor and refuse three tomes not to appear greedy (par. 1) ; 2) True (par. 2); 3) False: Waiting until negotiations have concluded will eliminate the appearance of bribery. (par. 3) 4) False: A good guideline … (par. 4); 5) True: (par. 5); 6) False: The colors black, white and blue are negatively associated with death and funerals. (par. 7); 7) True (par. 9)

Ex. 3.

1) – c) ; 2) – a) ; 3) – c) ; 4) – b) ; 5) – d)

■ Vocabulary Study

Ex. 4.

1) demeanor; 2) bribery; 3) stature; 4) circumvent; 5) commensurate; 6) reciprocate; 7) sever

Ex. 5.

1) greedy; 2) recipient; 3) to soften; 4) even; 5) inadvertently

Ex. 6.

1) to; 2) on of; 3) with; 4) with; 5) –

Ex. 7.

1) concern; 2) eliminate; 3) singled out; 4) extravagant; 5) inadvertently

Ex. 8.

1) – e) ; 2) – c) ; 3) – g) ; 4) – a) ; 5) – d) ; 6) – b) ; 7) – h) ; 8) – f)

Ex. 9.

1) appearance; 2) softness; 3) soften; 4) bribe, 5) bribery; 6) embarrassment; 7) embarrassing, embarrassed; 8) reciprocate; 9) complication; 10) complicate; 11) symbolism; 12) symbolize