Vince Lombardi (American football coach, 1913 –1970)

Active Vocabulary

to bargain

торговаться

to boost growth

стимулировать рост

to borrow

брать взаймы

(the) bulk of smth.

большое количество, основная масса

collaboration

сотрудничество

to conduct business

вести бизнес

(by) consensus

по единодушному согласию

to contribute to

вносить вклад

to defeat hunger

победить голод

economy in transition

переходная экономика

to enjoy benefits

пользоваться преимуществами

/ льготами

to ensure

обеспечивать

to facilitate

содействовать

fishery

рыболовство

forestry

лесоводство

to foster

благоприятствовать

to found

основывать

to grant (benefits)

предоставлять (льготы)

human rights

права человека

to improve

улучшать

to lend at little interest

давать взаймы под низкий процент

lobbying

лоббирование

to lower trade barriers

снижать торговые ограничения

majority rule

принцип большинства

to negotiate

вести переговоры

negotiations

переговоры

nutrition

питание

objective (n)

цель

to obtain

получать

to promote

способствовать

to provide

обеспечивать

to raise money

изыскивать денежные средства

to ratify

ратифицировать

to repay loans

погашать займы

(the) rule of law

норма права

to secure

обеспечивать

to set up

учреждать

to submit

представлять на рассмотрение

subsidiary organization

дочерняя организация

sustainable

устойчивый

trade

торговля

underlying

лежащий в основе, базовый

Text I

■ Skimming

Ex. 1. Skim the article below and match the names of organizations with the paragraphs:

1. The World Bank Group (WBG)

2. The United Nations Organization (UNO)

3. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

4. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

5. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

6. The World Trade Organization (WTO)

7. The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

8. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

Objectives of International Organizations

(a) The aims of this international organization are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. It was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.

(b) It is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure exchange rate stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

(c) It is a family of five international organizations that makes loans, generally to poor countries. Its five agencies are: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); International Development Association (IDA); International Finance Corporation (IFC); Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Unlike commercial banks, it often lends at little or no interest to countries that are unable to raise money for development anywhere else. Countries that borrow from it also have a much longer period to repay their loans than commercial banks allow.

(d) It is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. At its heart are agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.

(e) The Agency was set up as the world’s "Atoms for Peace" organization in 1957 within the United Nations family. It works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies.

(f) This specialized agency of the United Nations promotes sustainable industrial development in developing countries and economies in transition, and works towards improving living conditions in the world’s poorest countries.

(g) This organization leads international efforts to defeat hunger. It helps developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices and ensure good nutrition for all.

(h) It is a specialized agency of the United Nations whose purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights.

■ Scanning

Ex. 2. Now read the article carefully and answer the following questions:

1. When was the UNO set up?

2. What are its main objectives?

3. What is the IMF aimed at?

4. What is the difference between the World Bank and commercial banks?

5. What does the IAEA promote?

6. In what way does FAO intend to defeat hunger?

7. What is the main function of UNESCO?

8. According to the article, what is at the heart of the WTO?

Ex. 3. What do these letters stand for?

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1. WTO _ _________________________________________

2. MIGA _ _________________________________________

3. FAO _ _________________________________________

4. WBG _ _________________________________________

5. UNESCO __________________________________________

6. UNIDO __________________________________________

Ex. 4. Put down the English equivalents for the following Russian acronyms:

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−

−

−

−

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1. МВФ ________________________________________

2. МФК ________________________________________

3. OOН ________________________________________

4. МАГАТЭ ________________________________________

5. МБРР ________________________________________

6. МАР ________________________________________

Ex. 5. Get ready to speak in class about international organizations and their objectives.

■Vocabulary Study

Ex. 6. Match the words to form collocations found in the text:

to defeat the rule of economies in to lend at sustainable to raise subsidiary

transition economic growth organizations little interest hunger money law

Ex. 7. Give the definitions of the following words using an English-English dictionary:

1. sustainable

2. to facilitate

3. to ratify

4. transition

5. the bulk of smth.

6. to lend

7. fishery

8. a subsidiary company

Ex. 8. Match the synonyms:

1) to set up	a) goal
2) collaboration	b) commerce
3) to foster	c) to found
4) trade	d) to promote
5) objective (n)	e) cooperation

Ex. 9. Complete the sentences below with the words or word combinations from the text. The first letter is given to help you:

1. Computers can be used to (f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / f_ _ _ _ _) language learning.

2. The meeting is expected to (p_ _ _ _ _ _) trade between Taiwan and the UK.

3. The hospital tries to (e_ _ _ _ _) that people are seen quickly.

4. It is vital to the success of our company that employees (c_ _ _ _ _ _) business with honesty and in a professional manner.

5. Alcohol (c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _) to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.

6. The country’s (s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _) economic growth depends entirely on the successful development of its regions.

7. Coal makes up the (b_ _ _) of China’s energy consumption.

8. The (r_ _ _) of law is fundamental to the western democratic order.

9. Poor (n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _) is still causing major problems in the developing world.

10. Learn how to (n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _) a payment plan with creditors.