- •The sentence
- •Classifications of the sentence
- •1. Structural classification of the sentence
- •2. Classification according to the purpose of utterance
- •Word order
- •The position of objects
- •2. The position of attributes
- •3. The position of adverbial modifiers
- •Inversion
- •The compound sentence
- •The complex sentence
- •Nominal clauses
- •Subject clauses
- •2. Object clauses
- •3. Predicative clauses
- •Attributive clauses
- •Adverbial clauses
- •Adverbial Clauses of Time
- •Adverbial Clauses of Place
- •Adverbial Clauses of Manner
- •Adverbial Clauses of Comparison
- •Adverbial Clauses of Condition
- •6. Adverbial Clauses of Concession
- •7. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose
- •8. Adverbial Clauses of Cause (Reason)
- •9. Adverbial Clauses of Result (Consequence)
- •10. Adverbial Clauses of Degree
- •Pseudo-complex sentences
- •Emphatic (or Cleft) Sentence.
- •2. Appended Clauses
- •3. Parenthetical (Comment) Clauses
- •The predicate
- •Structural classification of the predicate
- •The compound verbal modal predicate
- •The double predicate
- •Mixed types of the predicate
- •Agreement of the predicate with the subject
- •The object
- •Types of object
- •The indirect object
- •Absolute constructions
- •1. The nominative absolute participial construction
- •The nominative absolute construction
- •The prepositional absolute participial construction
- •The prepositional absolute construction
- •Exercises
- •Very simple sentence
- •Word order and word disorder
- •Inversion
- •The compound sentence
- •The complex sentence
- •The predicate
- •Agreement of the predicate with the subject
- •The object
- •Absolute constructions
- •References
- •Contents
- •Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
- •Практический синтаксис английского языка
Agreement of the predicate with the subject
Ex.1. Choose the right forms of the verbs. Translate into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
The heat and the humidity (deters/deter) tourists from visiting the country during the summer.
Both the immature and the precocious student (needs/need) individual attention.
My closest colleague and best friend (has/have) recently divorced her husband.
Her first and best essay (has/have) won a prize.
Bread and butter (is/are) sold in the shop on the corner.
The head of my department – and perhaps her spouse – (is/are) expected to attend the reception.
Your style, and even your handwriting, (needs/need) to be improved.
Every man and woman (is/are) required to complete two years of national service.
Gin and tonic (is/are) served with ice and a slice of lemon.
One child after another (has/have) complained of the cold.
Perseverance rather than intelligence (ensures/ensure) success in this type of position.
My son as well as my daughter (is/are) at college.
Their house or their business (is/are) in Manchester.
I as well as my wife (was/were) happy for twenty five years. Then we met.
Three thousand head of cattle (was/were) consuming the grass.
Wildfowl, especially living near water, (is/are) shot for sports.
The school football eleven (is/are) playing today.
The ends of the nets were then passed back to the British trawler and the fish (was/were) taken from sea.
Time past and time future, what might have been and what has been, (points/point) to one end, which is always present. (Eliot)
The alpha and omega of this problem (is/are) our participation in it.
The Inuit (is/are) people living in the icy northern part of North America.
The skull and crossbones (was/were) flapping in the breeze as the frigate approached.
Dr Martens (is/are) worn by people in certain jobs, especially policemen.
Aspirins (reduces/reduce) pain, inflammation and fever.
Three halves (makes/make) 1,5.
The company has 60 computers but only half (is/are) used.
G & T (was/were) taken out of the fridge.
The paparazzi (was/were) following the prime minister about hoping to find out interesting or shocking stories about him.
Macaroni and cheese (is/are) made from cooked macaroni with a cheese sauce.
There (is/are) a plethora of writings in Russia and abroad on this subject.
Swindon Town (was/were) rooted to the foot of the table for the duration of the season, and did not manage the first win until the end of November.
Spaghetti (is/are) made from flour mixed with water in the shape of long strings, cooked in boiling water.
The trapezia (has/have) only one pair of parallel sides.
There (is/are) a number of typos in the text.
A cathedral, a wave of a storm, a dancer's leap, never (turns/turn) out to be as high as we had hoped.
Neither of the roads (is/are) very good here.
No woman ever hates a man for being in love with her; but many a woman (hates/hate) a man for being her friend.
He was a Brown, as (was/were) all his family.
The Birmingham Six (was/were) found guilty of putting IRA bombs in two Birmingham pubs in 1974 and freed in 1991, after new facts were considered about the way the police had acted.
Elevenses (is/are) coffee, tea or a light meal taken at about 11 o'clock in the morning.
Turnips (is/are) used as food.
One and a half months (has/have) passed since I saw them.
A month and a half (has/have) passed since I saw them.
The Maori (is/are) now only a small part of New Zealand's population.
The Republic of Ireland (was/were) eliminated from the World Cup quarter-finals by Italy.
There (was/were) bad and good news for the representatives.
Vasco da Gama (has/have) won the Libertadores Cup.
Macaroni (is/are) made from wheat flour pressed into hollow tubes.
Brussels (is/are) right in the centre of Belgium.
Marks and Spencer (is/are) just round the corner.
A great number of pictures (was/were) added to the collection.
Governments make laws and the police (enforces/enforce) them.
The Eskimos (is/are) fishing.
The Stars and Bars (is/are) still used by some American southerners to show support for the Confederacy.
Either of the children (is/are) quite capable.
I don't think either of them (is/are) at home.
Half the lemons (is/are) unripe and half (is/are) bad.
The scum who (fights/fight) at football matches should be severely dealt with.
What (is/are) this doings on the table?
The 747 (is/are) taking off in 20 minutes.
Thousand Oaks (has/have) the second lowest rate of crime in the Western USA.
There (is/are) three kind of friends: best friends, guest friends and pest friends.
Fish and chips (is/are) very popular in Britain and (is/are) considered a typically British meal.
The landed gentry (owns/own) land and (obtains/obtain) income from it.
Some of merchandise (was/were) judged to be different.
Either of the houses (is/are) big enough.
One student after another (was/were) throwing illegal cribs to the dustbin and going to take the exam.
Lyons (is/are) situated in the Rhône department in the east of central France.
Manchester City (is/are) sure to win; the other team (hasn't/haven't) got a chance.
Fish (doesn't/don't) have any knees at all.
Ex. 2. Choose the right form in brackets. Translate into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
The Niagara Falls (is/are) very popular with tourists and used to supply electricity.
The addenda (contains/contain) many new words.
A number of my friends (thinks/think) I should take a holiday.
3 cubed (is/are) 27.
6 (is/are) integer, but 6.3 (is/are) not.
There (is/are) lots of snow in the garden.
What (is/are) your politics?
Microelectronics (concerns/concern) the production of very small printed circuits and components.
Microeconomics (studies/study) the economics of a single industry, product, or other features within a larger system.
There (is/are) far greater variety among the white wines of the district than red.
Two salmon (was/were) caught.
Neither John nor his cat (eats/eat) garlic with strawberries.
Either she or I (am/is/are) wrong.
Three Pigs (is/are) the longest book I've ever read.
Those sort of cars (is/are) tremendously expensive to run.
Five pounds (doesn't/don't) buy as much as used to.
A group of us (has/have) decided to hire a boat and travel through Holland by canal.
Most of the local media (is/are) flabbergasting.
Gemini (is/are) a constellation in the northern sky, thought to resemble the twin brothers.
Guinea fowl (is/are) widely domesticated and raised for food.
Rabies (is/are) out of control in many parts of the country.
Approximately 60% of the community (is/are) of polish and Russian ancestry, and approximately 40% (is/are) blacks.
Mr Frogg or his wife (was/were) about to take a bath.
I went on a fourteen day diet and all I lost (was/were) two weeks.
History (is/are) tables agreed upon. (Voltaire)
Computation seems to show that the number of sheep in Scotland in 1378 (was/were) about a million and a half, very much what it had been in 1327.
The cat is the best person in our family. The second best (is/am) I.
Flanders (was/were) an important battle ground in the First World War.
What percentage of students (flunks/flunk) every year?
The cast (was/were) all amateurs.
After the bombing there (was/were) a lot of debris everywhere.
Check that no food or drink (has/have) been consumed.
In recent years asbestos used in building (has/have) been found to be harmful to humans.
Half the group’s sales (is/are) to be used to cut its borrowings.
Your histrionics (gets/get) on my nerves.
Seventeen times three hundred and eighty-one (makes/make) six thousand, four hundred and seventy-seven.
The hammer and sickle (was/were) flying from the flagpole.
Agilent Technologies (AT), an American firm, (has/have) signed an agreement with Russia's State Committee for Standartization, Metrology and Certification (Gosstandart) and its affiliate, the All-Russia Research Institute of Physiotechnical Measurements (VNIIFTRI) for the supply of $1.5 million worth of calibrators.
Another of New Zealand's heroically boring attractions (is/are) the Waitomo Caves glowworm grotto, where hundreds of thousands of worms simply hang there, glowing.
Pompeii (was/were) destroyed by the volcano.
Ex. 3. Choose the right form in brackets. Translate into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
The be-all and end-all of the course (is/are) as follows.
Alice Springs (is/are) somewhere in Australia, (isn't/aren't) (it/they)?
Where are my socks? -- There (is/are) a lot of them in the washing machine.
Athletics (includes/include) both track events and field events.
All my fishing paraphernalia (is/are) kept under my sofa.
Musical exotica (is/are) seldom broadcast on this channel.
The royal regalia (has/have) been stolen from the museum.
A plethora of suggestions (was/were) considered at the meeting.
The kibbutzim (grows/grow) oranges in this area.
The tiffosi (was/were) arrested after the match while eating spaghetti.
Pyrites (is/are) a natural compound of sulphur with a metal, especially iron, found in the earth and having a shiny yellow appearance like gold.
The laity (is/are) a religious group without the special training of priests.
The pianist’s pyrotechnics in the scherzo (was/were) inimitable.
The (was/were) a slight contretemps when both his girlfriends arrived together.
The United Arab Emirates (consists/consist) of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Ajman and Umm al-Qawain.
On the benches (was/were) various folks: men of Bree, a collection of local hobbits (sitting chattering together), a few more dwarves, and other vague figures difficult to make out away in the shadows and corners.
But some of our kinsfolk (dwells/dwell) still in peace in Rivendell.
Inside the hall there (was/were) piled a large assortment of packages and parcels and small articles of furniture.
The cognoscenti (claims/claim) to have special knowledge in art.
Half the ideas in his talk (was/were) plagiarized from the article I wrote last year.
All aircraft (has/have) been grounded because of thick fog.
British Airways (is/are) ditching six services from Aberdeen airport as part of a cost-cutting shake-up of its regional operators.
If only I’d known from the beginning that the real you (takes/take) nothing seriously.
All my fishing paraphernalia (is/are) kept under my bed.
The Apache (lives/live) in the Western US.
Noughts and crosses (is/are) a tricky game.
Diletanti (has/have) interest in some activity but (doesn’t/don’t) take it very seriously.
A lot of kudos (was/were) gained by winning the contest.
There (is/are) a table and 14 students in the room.
Mr Brown together with Mr Green (has/have) 53 teeth.
Methylated spirits (is/are) sometimes drunk by alcoholics because it is cheap but it is very harmful and dangerous.