Дроздова.English Grammar

углу и поняла, что опоздает на поезд. 8. На углу вашей улицы висят часы, которые приводятся в действие электричеством.

Ex. 10. (В, С) Translate into English.

1. Мне нужно снять комнату. 2. Проветри комнату. 3. Нож не режет. 4. У тебя нет ножа? 5. Возьми нож и отрежь хлеба. 6. Мы не знали, что здесь есть озеро. 7. Озеро глубокое. 8. Замок сломался. 9. Кому мне отдать починить замок? 10. Ты знаешь, где чинят замки? 11. Не забудь купить замок. 12. У нас сегодня апельсины на третье. 13. Апельсины в буфете. 14. Возьми себе апельсин. 15. Апельсин не кислый?

Ex. 11. (В, С) Translate into English.

1.Дверь закрыта. 2. У тебя есть телефон? 3. Телефон не работает. 4. В холле темно.

5.Ты любишь собак? 6. Не мучай (to tease) собаку. 7. Никогда не пытайся погладить (to stroke) собаку, если ты ее не знаешь. 8. Ручка не пишет. 9. У вас есть ручки в продаже? 10. Где можно купить пальто? 11. Где тебе сшили пальто? 12. Где ключ?

13.Сколько квартир в доме? 14. Сколько стоят эти сервизы? 15. Сколько предметов

всервизе? 16. Сколько стоят сервизы сегодня?

Ex. 12. (В, С) Translate into English.

I

1. Это очень хороший совет. 2. Совет хороший. 3. Ты слышал эти новости? 4. Новости из дома плохие. 5. Он привез хорошие вести. 6. Такие сведения всегда нужны. 7. Сведения уже поступили? 8. Не стоит трогаться в путь в плохую погоду. 9. Мы не тронемся, пока погода не переменится. 10. Дай деньги мне. Ты ведь их всегда теряешь.

II

1. Это не дружеский совет! 2. Ты любишь такую погоду? 3. Какая была скверная погода! 4. Был чудесный день. 5. Какой неожиданный визит! 6. Это такая неожиданная новость! 7. Он нашел такую хорошую работу! 8. Какая интересная работа! 9. Группа сделала такие успехи! 10. Какой успех имела книга!

Ex. 13. (В, С) Translate into English, paying special attention to the words in italic type.

1.Кто удвери? - Это почтальон.

2.Мы ходили вчера в театр. Пьеса была замечательная.

3.Я предпочитаю проводить каникулы в горах, у моря или вдеревне.

4.Чем занимается Джон? - Он почтальон.

5.В центре города строится новыйрынок.

6.Где мама? - Она на кухне.

I. Португальцы очень отличаются от испанцев.

8.Немцы и японцы много работают.

9.Будьте внимательнее: вы сделали ошибку.

10.Я не знал, что недалеко от нашего дома есть рынок.

II.Рынок был уже закрыт, и мы пошли в магазин.

12.В этом году я первый раз был в лагере.

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13.Лагерь был расположен в лесу.

14.Почта - важное государственное учреждение.

15.Его уведомили об этом письмом.

16.Мой друг написал мне об этом в письме.

1.4 REVISION

Ex. 14. (А, В)

1. There is ___ bridge over the river. 2. Do you have_____ pens and_____ pensils? 3. Would you like___ cup of tea? 4. He met_____nice girl at_____ disco. 5. Yesterday I spoke to____ man who had just returned from_____ Arctic expedition. 6. Yesterday I met____ old friend whom I recognized at once. 7._____person who is sitting next to you is____ famous painter. 8.1saw____ beautiful hat in_____ shop but_____hat was too expensive for me to buy. 9. They bought____ table.____ table is made of oak. 10. My son has____ very good German teacher who knows_____language perfectly. 11. What

____ strange answer! 12. What_____ wonderful news! 13. We usually have_____

breakfast at eight. 14. Let me give you____ piece o f_____ advice. 15. From_____

back of____ house came_____ sound of_____vacuum-cleaner. The motherturned off

____ machine and looked at_______ boy.

Ex. 15. (C) Insert articles where necessary.

1.Not_____word was spoken in______________ parlour.

2.____ room itself was filling up, so was_____ staircase.

3.Not_____word was spoken, not_____ sound was made.

4.____ sky outside_____ window was already dark, secretaries had gone home, all was quiet.

5.I tell you, he is as brave asman can reasonably be.

6.You know I never cared for____ drama.

7.He looks older than he is, as____ dark men often do.

8.Roger looked at him, without____ word, took out his wallet and gave him_____ ten shilling note.

9.As____ man sows, so shall he reap.

10.Itwas Sunday afternoon, and____ sun, which had been shining nowfor several hours, was beginning to warm____ earth.

11.Itwas____ cottage built like_____ mansion, having_____ central hall with_____

wooden gallery running round it, and____ rooms no bigger than_____ closets.

12.He was____ short, plump man with_____ very white face and____ very white hands. Itwas rumoured in London that he powdered them like____ woman.

13.To him she would always be_____loveliest woman in_____world.

14.Even____ strongest have their hours of depression.

15.Her aunt, in____ straw hat so broad that it covered her to_____ very edges of her shoulders, was standing below with two gardeners behind her.

16.____ rich think they can buy anything.

17.____ room has three doors; one on the same side as_____ fireplace, near_____

corner, leading to____ best bedroom.

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18.He arrived half_hour before dinner time, and went up to__________ schoolroom at

____ top o f______________________house, to see_children.

19.There is something in____ very expression of his face that tells me so.

20.Far away in ____ little street there is _____ poor house. One o f_____ windows is open and through it I can see ____ woman sitting a t_____ table. She is ____

seamstress.

21. ___ man who entered was short and broad. He had black hair, and was wearing

____ grey flannel trousers with_____ red woollen shirt, open at______neck, whose collar he carried outside____ lapels of his dark tweed jacket.

22.Then itwas night and he was awake, standing in____ street, looking up at_____dark windows of____place where he lived._____ front door was locked and there was no one in____ house.

23.I believe I can tell_____ very moment I began to love him.

24.Mr Boythorn lived in____ pretty house with____________________ lawn in front,__ b garden at_____ side and______ kitchen-garden in_____rear, enclosed with_____

wall.____ house was_____ real old house.

25.______________________________________________ bartender was__ pale ma

pale, hairy arms and____ long, nervous nose.

26.During_____country house parties one day is very like another._____ men put on

____ same kind of variegated tie, eat_____ same breakfast, tap _____ same barometer, smoke____ same pipes and kill_____ birds.

27._____________________________________________ old man quitted___ house s

28.We are told that____________ wicked shall be punished.

29.__________________________________________________________arm in __ a earth or catching our feet in________ rabbit-holes.

30.Clare was____ most vivid member of_____family. She had dark fine hair and_____

pale expressive face, of which____ lips were slightly brightened._____ eyes were brown, with straight and eager glance,_____ brow low and very white. Her expression was odd for_____ girl of twenty, being calm and yet adventurous.

(From “English GrammarExercises”by V.L. Kaushanskaya a.o.)

Ex. 16. (C) Translate sentences from Russian into English.

1.Хотя земля была холодной и мокрой, небо было ясным. Вставало яркое солнце.

2.Ему подарили полдюжины рубашек, которые кто-то привез из Англии.

3.Компас был изобретен вдревнем Китае.

4.Эдвард остался на неделю в коттедже.

5.Дэнни посмотрел на дом, и вдруг в окне он увидел лицо.

6.История, которую я собираюсь тебе рассказать, длинная. Садись надиван идавай поговорим.

7.Какая красивая бабочка здесь на стене.

8.У нее был свой собственный ключ.

9.Старики не могут помочь молодым.

10.Спасибо, Стефан. Я знал, что ты дашь мне правильный совет.

11.Иногда посетители звонили не в тот звонок.

12.Я просто хотела взглянуть на дом и задать тебе несколько вопросов.

13.Роджер посмотрел на него, не говоря ни слова, идал ему стодолларовую банкноту.

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2. THE USE OF ARTICLES

WITH NOUNS OF MATERIAL AND ABSTRACT NOUNS

Nouns	Ina general sense -		When modified by a
			particularizingattribute or		NOTES
of Material		NO ARTICLE	the situation makes it
			definite - THE
Butter, tea, iron,	□	Blood is thicker	□ Rosa tasted	1.When an indefinite
water, honey,		than water.	the wine.	part of the substance
wine, snow, etc.	□ She was wearing		Itwas good.	is meant, some/any
		a little hat of	□ The coffee she	are used.
		black straw.	made was better	□ 1bought some
	□ He doesn’t like		than he had hoped		breadand cheese.
		coffee.	and very hot.	2.	We use a/anwhen:
	□ She was as pale		□ She looked with
		as snow.	hungry eyes at	a) sorts of food are
			the bread and		meant
			meatthe landlady	□ They give a good
			brought her.		coffee here.
				b) a portion of
					something ismeant
				□ He drank a brandy
					and went out.
				□ I’ll buy you an ice.
				c) the noun indicates
					an object made of
					a certain material
				□ There is a tin
					of sardines on the
					table.
Abstract Nouns				A/an is used with
				uncountable abstract
				nouns when modified
				bv a descriptive
Anger, beauty,	□	While there is	□ Last night I heard	attribute which brinas
curiosity,		life there is	“Carmen”and	out a special aspect.
freedom,		hope.	enjoyed	□ A hot anger rose
happiness, love,	□ What fine		the music.		in his chest.
modesty, pride,		weather	□ We enjoyed	□ She had a natural
respect, time,		we’re having!	the stillness		grace that was very
work, strength,	□ They walked in		of the air.		attractive.
weather, etc.		silence along	□ He was in a state	□ There was a
		the path.	of the greatest		wonderful happiness
			excitement.		everywhere.

193

E X E R C ISES

Ex. 1. (A, B) Say, what articles you would use for the nouns in these situations.

1.У киоска “Соки-воды” вы говорите: “Я, пожалуй, возьму томатный сок."

2.Вы заинтересовались, из чего изготавливают строительные блоки. “Из цемента и камня," - ответили вам.

3.“Мама, купи мне мороженое,” - просит девочка.

4.При выходе из магазина вас спросили, есть ли там апельсины.

5.Сосед интересуется, из чего сделан ваш сервант. “По-моему, это красноедерево"

6.Расхваливая костюм, вы замечаете: “Непохоже, что это хлопок, можно подумать, что это шерсть.”

7.На просьбу купить мороженое вы отвечаете: “Здесь не продают мороженое ”

8.Проходя мимо киоска, вы спрашиваете: “Хочешь, я тебе куплю мороженое?”

9.“У тебя все лицо в яйце, иди умойся.”

10.На завтрак я ем вареное яйцо и чашку кофе.

11.Вы выпьете черный кофе? Да, и без сахара.

Ex. 2. (С) Insert articles or "some”where necessary (articles with nouns of material).

A

1. “We shan’t have____fish,” Robin said. 2. “ ____ fish is very fresh,” the waiter assured us. 3. He bought____cold beef, and____ ham, and____ French bread and butter, and came back with his pockets pretty heavily laden. 4. There were two bottles of

____wine,____ plate o f____ oranges with____ powdered sugar. 5. Dinner began in

____silence. In silence____ soup was finished. Itwas____ excellent soup. And____

fish was brought. Nobody took it and____fish was taken away. Then the maid brought

____champagne. 6. She made____ coffee. 7.____ coffee without____ bread could never honestly serve as supper. 8.____rest of us had finished eating, but Dave had cut himself another slice of____cheese. 9. You’ve caught cold; I saw you shivering, and you must have____gruel to drive it out. 10. She did not answer, but her face was hard and pale as____stone.

В

I. She hurried in again and found____water almost boiled away. 2.____ blood is thicker than____water. 3. Rosa tasted____ wine. Itwas harsh but refreshing. 4. You drank____

wine with breakfast, dinner, and supper, and fifty people always drank it with you. 5. She looked with____eager, hungry eyes at____ bread and____ meat and____ beer that

____landlady brought her. 6. She had____ brown shining hairwhich hung down on either side of her face. 7.____coffee was better than Dinny had hoped and very hot. 8. Without giving her____opportunity to protest any more, he went to____ telephone and ordered

____coffee and several sandwiches. 9. Barber went to ____ bar and ordered____

coffee, then changed it to ____brandy because____ coffee wasn’t enough after____

talk like that. 10. Her face was yellow in colour and her skin resembled____leather. II. The maid brought in ____pears,____ cold chicken,____ tongue,____ cheese.

12. My heart felt as heavy as_________________________ lead. 13. I’m going to cut__ g It is____hard work but it has to be done.

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Ex. 3. (С) Put in “a/an", “the" or

The Luncheon.

“I never eat anything for luncheon,” she said. “ ____little fish, perhaps. I wonder if they have____salmon. And unless they have____ caviar. I never mind_____caviar.”

For myself I chose____cheapest dish on___ menu and that was_mutton chop. “I think you are unwise to eat____meat,” she said.

Then came the question of____drink.

“I never drink anything for luncheon, except____white wine. My doctor won’t let me drink anything but____champagne. And what are you going to drink?”

“ ____water.”

She ate____caviar and____ salmon. She talked gaily of____ art, literature and____

music.

Ex. 4. (В, C) Translate into English.

1. Вода в реке очень холодная. 2. Вода необходима для жизни. 3. Принеси мне воды, пожалуйста. 4. Снег был глубокий. 5. Очень трудно ходить по глубокому снегу. 6. Чай горячий. 7. Я люблю чай. 8. Положи сахар в чай. 9. Купи лимон к чаю. 10. Лимон полезен. 11. Нарежь лимон. 12. Сок вкусный. 13. Я предпочитаю апельсиновый сок.

14.Сок, которым я тебя угощу, сделала моя мама. 15. Я попросил купить хлеба и масла. 16. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, молока. 17. Молоко необходимо детям. 18. Положите масла в суп. 19. Поставьте масло на стол. 20. Я не пью молоко, я пью чай или кофе.

21.Вчера я купил очень хороший чай и кофе. 22. Кофе я пошлю матери. Она любит кофе. 23. Где масло? Оно на столе. 24. Есть нефть или газ в этом районе?

25.Официант принес мне мясо и овощи. Я съел овощи, но не стал есть мясо. 26. Обычно я пью кипяченое молоко. Но молоко, которое дает наша корова, не надо кипятить.

Ex. 5. (В, С) Dictation-translation.

1.Погода была такой теплой, что мы решили поплавать.

2.Какая замечательная сегодня погода.

3.Какие новости?

4.Ты слышал новость?

5.Я ему одолжил пять фунтов на прошлой неделе. Ты думаешь, он отдаст мне деньги?

,6. Джеймс попросил воды и жадно (thirstily) ее выпил.

7.Я знаю, что работа, которую я выполнил, это хорошая работа, лучшая в моей жизни.

8.Совет, который он получил от своих друзей, был - отказаться от работы.

9.Они покупают новую мебель.

10.Отец начал резать горячее мясо.

11.Она учила детей работать с бумагой и ножницами.

12 Земля была покрыта свежим снегом.

13. Кофе подали с настоящими сливками.

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3.THE USE OF ARTICLES WITH PROPER NOUNS

3.1GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Geographical

Names

1.Continents,

countries,

cities/ towns, villages

2.Oceans, rivers, seas channels/ canals deserts

3.Lakes

4.Mountains

5.Islands

6.Regions

7.Four cardinal points of the compass

	NO ARTICLE	The Definite Article
		THE
	a) as a rule	When having
	Africa, Asia	a particularizing
	France, London	attribute.
	b) when modified	□ The Philadelphia
	by a prepositional	he was born in...
	attribute	□ Gone is
	Latin America,	the Moscow of
	Central Asia	the merchants and
	Petrovka	aristocrats.
	But	□ In his book W.Scott
		described
	the village	the England of
	of Petrovka	the Middle Ages.
		the Pacific
		the Black Sea
		the Neva, the Sahara
		the (English) Channel
		the Suez Canal
	Lake Baikal	the Baikal
	Lake Ontario	the Ontario
	♦peaks:	♦mountain chains:
	Elbrus	the Urals
	Everest	the Alps
	♦a single island:	♦island groups:
	Madagascar	the Bermudas
	Corfu	the British Isles
	Sicily	the Bahamas
	North America	the Middle East
	Latin America	the Far East
	Central Asia	the north of England
		the south of France
		the South,
		the North,
		the West,
		the East

NOTES

the word aroups are always used with the:

the United States the Soviet Union the United Kingdom

of Great Britain the Netherlands the Hague

the Crimea

the Caucasus

BUT:

western Canada southern Spain

BUT:

from East to West from North

to South

196

Names of

Persons

1.Names ol Persons

3.2 NAMES OF PERSONS

NO ARTICLE

a)as a rule no article is used

□There was a letter from Susan inviting me to a party.

b)modified by attributes old, young, little,

dear, poor, honest

□Young Jolyon was standing bythe piano.

□... she is a widow of poor George...

The Definite Article

THE

a)with a name in

the plural to indicate the whole familv:

□He is very different from the rest of

the Kents.

b)with the name modified by

a particularizing

attribute:

□Is he the Sheldon who is a writer?

□She was no more the Julia of

the first years of their marriage.

The Indefinite

Article A/AN

a)one member of a familv:

□ 1have often wondered ifTimwas reallya Burton.

b)when names of persons become countablenouns indicatingtypical

features of

awell-knownname:

□Why, you are quite a Monte Cristo.

□She felt like an Alice in

Wonderland.

c)names of persons when meaning

“a certain...”:

□1heard it from a (certain)

Mr. Jagger.

2.Nouns of relationship

3.Nouns denoting

ranks,

titles, profession followed by a proper name

a) followed by a proper		a) Ifother people’s
name:		relations are meant:
uncle Jolyon		□ The son was as
aunt Polly		clever as the
b) not followed by		father.
a proper name and		b) Mind the expressions:
used only by		□ Lomonosov was
the members of		the son of
the familv:		a fisherman.
□ She went into		□ Becky was
the hall: “Is Mother		the daughter of
back?”		an artist.
academician		Nouns denoting
professor		profession followed
doctor		by a proper name:
count	Brown	□ The painter
lord		Warhol
colonel		left manyfine
Mr/Mrs		pictures.

197

3.3 THE USE OF ARTICLES IN THE NAMES OF PLACES, SOME BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS, ETC

Names of Places, Buildings,	The Definite Article
Public Organizations, etc.	THE
♦Historical events	□ the French Revolution
♦Public/Political Organizations	□ the Senate, the Houses of
	Parliament, the United Nations,
	the Government
♦Public/historical buildings,	□ the Bank of England,
Churches	the Winter Palace, the Tower
♦Documents	of London
	□ the Constitution
♦Parties	□ the Labour Party, the Tory
♦Names of newspapres and	□ the Times, the Washington
periodicals	Post
♦Businesses and Chains
of Shops
♦Ships, Trains, Spacecrafts	□ the Orient Express, the Titanic
♦Theatres, Cinemas	□ the Globe, the Bolshoy,
♦Museums	the Odeon, the Arbat
	□ the British Museum,
♦Parks	the Hermitage, theTate Gallery
♦Schools, colleges,.	□ the University of London**
Universities
♦Restaurants	□ the Cage Royal
♦Hotels	□ the Hilton
♦Stations and Airports
♦The names of counties,
states, streets

NO ARTICLE

□NATO*, Parliament, Congress

□Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Buckingham Palace

□(foreign) Pravda, Der Spiegel

□General Motors, Sony, Shell

□Apollo, Challenger

□Her Majesty’s

□Hyde Park, St. James's Park

□Carnegy College, London University Manchester Grammar School

□Leoni’s

□Brown’s

□Heathrow, Sheremetyevo

□Yourkshire, Texas, Oxford, High Street

*If an abbreviation is pronounced as a word, there is no article. (OPEC [эи'рек])

**"The" is used when the two nouns have "of" in between.

EXERCISES______________________________________________

Ex. 1. (В, C) Supply "the” or

1.I haven’t the least idea how many rooms there are in____Ritz (hotel).

2.What's your address? - I live in____Montague Road, number 27.

198

3.I could never afford to stay at hotes like____Brown’s or____ Hilton.

4.You can’t visit____ London without seeing___ Buckingham Palace.

5.We had an early dinner at____Leoni’s and then went to play at____ Globe theatre.

6.Go down____Oxford Street till you come to____ Oxford Circus, then turn right.

7.Do you know the song about____London Bridge?

8.Look at the percentage of lawyers in____Senate.

9.Two famous works of art are recently acquired by____Tate Gallery,____ London.

10.He spoke about the role of____Labour Party during the election period.

11.And eventually____Queen Elizabeth was putto sea.

12.The Kings and Queens of England were crowned and buried in___ WestminsterAbbey.

13.There is an interesting article in____Times.

14.He never read____Pravda.

15.He attended____Congress only nine times.

16.Governmental offices line____Whitehall, and on the right is____ Downing street.

Ex. 2. (В, C) Insert articles where necessary.

1.When you are in____sky, you see only snow in - Arctic or - Greenland. You have glimpses of____Andes or____ Pacific.

2.____Riviera in____ Caucasus is the most popular place in summer.

3.____Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

4.____Elbrus is the highest peak in____ Europe.

5.____Hague, a city in____ Netherlands near____ North Sea, is the seat of the Dutch Government.

6.The home ownership rate in____South East o f____ England is higher than in___

North.

7.____Suez Canal was blocked.

8.____Sahara is the greatest desert in____ North Africa, extending from____ Atlantic Ocean to____Nile.

9.____Philippines is an archipelago which consists of thousands of islands.

10.____West Indies is a chain of islands between_____ North and____ South America.

11.The surface of____Mediterranean is never so blue as that of___________ Adriatic.

Ex. 3. (C) Insert articles where necessary.

I

1.____“Queen Mary” was launched by____Queen Mary in 1938.

2.There was a little sentimentality about___ Forsytes.

3.He is the nearest we have to____English Leonardo da Vinci.

4.He has the humour of____Chekhov.

5.To feel more comfortable you should have taken____Pullman.

6.He predicted the victory of____Mrs Thatcher in the 1979 election.

7.I know very little about him as you do - he is____Mr Tarantino.

8.One of the correspondents handed McCartney the paper and asked, “Are you____

McCartney who wrote this?”

9.“I’ll run to___ Mother”, he said in____ loud whisper.

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