2 Now read paragraphs 1-7 below and choose which of the paragraphs fit into the gaps a-g in the text. Remember to look for links before and after a gap.

1. That gesture was typical of Moscow's rulers and their relation to the ragged mass on whom the splendors of the city rested.

2. One typical measure of this love is the superior attitude of St. Petersburg, (as many oldsters still call it) toward the rival city. Disaster cannot kill this feeling for Moscow, and exile only enhances it.

3. But, as usual since the Revolution, joy moved in strictly organized channels. More than 100,000 dancers, singers and musicians had been ordered to Moscow to provide entertainment.

4. This is a picture of the real heroes of Moscow's history—Moscow's people who lived between the heights of cathedrals and citadels.

5. Yet few actually knew this fabulous city on the border of Europe and Asia which, since its first stirrings under petty tyranny to its coma under a modern machine of domination, has been the most isolated of the world's great capitals.

6. That event in 1147 first put Moscow on the map.

7. Behind this Sunday-best façade (which cost an estimated 700 million rubles—$58 million) was everyday Moscow, a slow city, solemn friendly (when its masters permit it) and relatively clean—especially near the center.

3 The text has seven topical parts (1-7). Choose the most suitable headings for those parts from the list of headings below.

NB There are more headings than parts, so you will not use all of them.

The People The Event The Prophets The Changes The History The Face The Saints The Masters

4 Comment on the following lines from the text.

1. … Moscow, the shrine of the great materialistic faith…

2. … since its first stirrings under petty tyranny to its coma under a modern machine of domination …

3. … to get her in shape for a formal presentation to history.

4. A Muscovite has seen a lot, knows his worth, but doesn't put on airs.

5. The rest of the world seemed more remote than the saints.

6. … the symbolism of freedom involved was frowned upon.

5 For each PART of the text (see TASK 3) write a summary sentence.

Strategy Points : When writing a summary sentence

• study the suggested variant and the paragraph it is based on

• avoid using exact words from the text, use your own words to express the ideas

• always try to paraphrase the information, using synonymous phrases and different structures.

• make references to the writer.

1. The Event. The 800^th anniversary of Moscow is a thrilling and exciting event both for Muscovites and people from all over the country, yet the writer lay emphasis on the contradictory character of this event.

2. ………………………………………

3. ………………………………………

4. ………………………………………

5. ………………………………………

6. ………………………………………

7. ……………………………………..

Language Focus

6 Match the words in italics to an appropriate definition below

domain conduit pageant conflagration covet

hermit prophecy reminisce dominion airs

an elaborate colourful parade or display portraying scenes from history, esp one involving rich costume any person living in solitude a pipe or channel for carrying a fluid land owned by one person or family to talk or write about old times, past experiences affected manners intended to impress others rule or authority to wish crave for (something, esp the property of another person) a situation in which there is a lot of violence or destruction a statement about a future event made by someone with religious or magic power

Speaking POINTS GIVING OPINION

Strategy Points

• Spend a minute thinking about the topic below and making brief notes.

• During a minute decide how you will introduce and link your ideas, and then talk for two minutes (!).

• Remember to include some examples to support or illustrate what you say.

• Use a variety of vocabulary and grammatical structures.

• Make sure you keep to the topic.

• Learn useful phrases and expressions. These give you time to think, and also act as signposts which help listeners follow your arguments.

• Linking expressions: Sequencing – firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, etc Introducing an idea: the first thing (I’d like) to mention, to begin with, another point to consider is, which leads me on to another point, and, of course, we shouldn’t forget; Bringing an idea to its conclusion: to sum up, in the final analysis, on balance, taking all the arguments into consideration, in conclusion; Giving an example: for instance, if we take the example of X, X serves as a good example of this