687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii
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B55D CDBD C995 676 (+ A) |
(−A) . + C 95, D5: |
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(+ A) + (−A) = 0 . |
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647 56 5 5 97 E: |
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0 |
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(+ A) = 1 (−A) = −1. |
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3.48 |
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05 7 7B A C F5B4C 5 7DC4895BD 4A 45 A, B, C D F E D :
236
123456 3. 78926ABC5 DCEF 6F 56ABC5 5 F
4356 |
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–1 |
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+1 |
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+1 |
+1 |
–1 |
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–1 |
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%545# E DCFC 8, D5 FC C 7 C D BC 4 47: A, B, C, D 9C65D5 " E5EC9D CEC9 59 FC C 7 D B55D CDBD C995 D 1, 0, 1, 0 C B55D CDBD 7B A F5B4C 5 7DC4895BDC" (1%):
- C4 |
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*4A F 5BD5D 5F BD E, D5 BC 4 B 9 59 5 79. %545# E, D5 9C65D5 " C4 7 5 CD F 9AD8 799 C 5D 47 A. 2
7BBE7D 7CE " E5EC9D CEC9 59 F 9 E7CD B 974 S C C6D5 7
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0 0). *4A 5F C C4C9 A 97 C9 A F 9AD5 5 5D 47 A D7 C4 7 |
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BF548 5 7D8 |
CE5 4AD5 |
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B |
7B A C" |
F5B4C 5 7DC4895BD8 47 A. |
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(4 5 DE 7 5D CE5 4AD5 7: |
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F5B4C 5 7DC4895BD 47 A: |
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S × A = (0 − 4 0 0) × (−1 −1 −1 −1) = 0 + 4 + 0 + 0 = +4 ; |
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C 48D7D C4 DBA 97 654 CBD 5 45 (BD79! ") BCD; CB4 |
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S × B = (0 − 4 0 0) × (−1 +1 −1 +1) = 0 − 4 + 0 + 0 = −4 / 4 = −1,
B4C 5 7DC4895, 97 C9 C D7 5D 47 B 7 95 0. % F CEC 799 5D 47 C:
S × C = (0 − 4 0 0) × (−1 −1 +1 +1) = 0 + 4 + 0 + 0 = +4 / 4 = +1,
B4C 5 7DC4895, 97 C9 C D7 5D 47 C 7 95 1. % F CEC 799 5D 47 D:
S × D = (0 − 4 0 0) × (−1 +1 +1 −1) = 0 − 4 + 0 + 0 = −4 / 4 = −1,
B4C 5 7DC4895, 97 C9 C D7 5D BD79! D 7 95 0.
*5BD5 9BD 5 CDMA 764 7CDBA F5 C995" 7 C995BD B6 D95BD FC C 7 799: 9C 97A 7B A C" F5B4C 5 7DC4895BD, 9C 5 E5#95 F54 D8 B 974, 7 95 7 5 97 # D8 C 5 F B DBD C.
237
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3.6.3. 6 79 9 C WiFi
0C 9545 A CBF 5 5 9 123 (WLAN) 5F C C4ACDBA BDC65E F 5D56545 IEEE 802.11, 65D5 " 5F B 7CD CB6 " 5 C98 6797489 " 5 C98 B EA F5 5 9AE: MAC LLC.
.7 CB65E 5 9C 5F C C4C9 9CB654865 7 79D5 BFC! 67! ", 65D5 C 7 4 7 DBA:
•BF548 CE E 7F7 595E 7BD5D;
•ECD5 5E 65 5 79 A;
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27 79D F5BD 5C9 A CBF 5 5 9 123 BD79 7 D7 802.11, F54 C 5 97 79 C WiFi, F C BD7 4C9 D7 4. 3.7. .#C 797 6 7D67A 7 76DC BD 67.
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17 84 |
7 3.7 |
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27- |
3D79 7 D |
* 7F7 59 |
CD5 |
365 5BD8 FC C 7 |
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7BD5D |
65 5- |
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79 A |
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1 |
IEEE 802.11 |
7& 850 9E |
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1 D/B; 2 D/B |
1997 |
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2 |
IEEE 802.11 |
2,4 66! |
FHSS |
1 D/B; 2 D/B |
1997 |
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3 |
IEEE 802.11 |
2,4 66! |
DSSS |
1 D/B; 2 D/B |
1997 |
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4 |
IEEE 802.11a |
5 66! |
OFDM |
5 54 D/B |
1999 |
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5 |
IEEE 802.11b |
2,4 66! |
DSSS |
5 11 D/B |
1999 |
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6 |
IEEE 802.11g |
2,4 66! |
OFDM |
5 54 D/B |
2003 |
|
IEEE 802.11 (2 2 1):
•B C 7 FC C 7 – 7&- 4 C9 C;
•FC C 7 7 59C F AE5" E5BD;
•BF548 DBA 3 7 79D7 7BF 5BD 79C9 A 4 C9 A: 4 9C97F 7 4C997A 79DC997;
4 5D 7#C9 C 5D F5D5467;
4 56 B95C 97F 7 4C995C 4 C9 C («D5 67-D5 67»).
IEEE 802.11 (2 2 2):
•B C 7 FC C 7 – E 6 5 5495 " 7F7 59 2,4 66!;
•ECD5 65 5 79 A – FHSS: 5 79 7BD5D9 7F7 595 95"
16!, 4 DC4895BD8 67# 5 5 65D5 B5BD7 4ACD 400 EB (B.3.49);
•F 2- B5BD5A9 A B 9747 5 CBFC 7CDBA F 5F B697A BF5B5 95BD8 B C FC C 7 1 D/B, F 4- – 2 D/B.
27BD5D9 C 7F7 59
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400 EB 
2 CEA
3.49
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IEEE 802.11 (2 2 3):
•B C 7 FC C 7 – E 6 5 5495 " 7F7 59 2,4 66!;
•ECD5 65 5 79 A – DSSS c 11D9 E 65 5E 67 CBD C 7B A C" F5B4C 5 7DC4895BD: 10110111000.
IEEE 802.11a:
1) 7F7 59 7BD5D – 5 66!;
2) B65 5BD FC C 7: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 D/B; 3) ECD5 65 5 79 A – OFDM.
.C 5BD7D6:
•B4 65E 5 5 5C 5 5 5 79 C;
• 9C65D5 BD 797 7BD5D D5 5 7F7 597 F5 4C#7D 4 !C9 5 79.
IEEE 802.11b:
1)7F7 59 7BD5D – 2,4 66!;
2)B65 5BD8 FC C 7: 5 11 D/B;
3)ECD5 65 5 79 A – E5 C 9 5 799 " DSSS.
IEEE 802.11g:
1)7F7 59 7BD5D – 2,4 66!;
2)E76B E74897A B65 5BD FC C 7: 5 54 D/B;
3)ECD5 65 5 79 A – OFDM.
2 BC9DA C 2009 5 7 4 D C # )9 BD79 7 D IEEE 802.11n. 3 5 F EC9C9 C F5 54 D F5 B D8 B65 5BD8 FC C 7 799 F 76D CB6 CD C 5 F5 B 7 9C9 B BD 5"BD 7E BD79 7 D5 802.11g. 0C5 CD CB6 802.11n BF5B5 C9 5 CBFC D8 B65 5BD8 FC C 7 799 5 600 D/B.
17 B C"BD A CBF 5 5 9 BCDC" IEEE 802.11 – 5 100 ECD 5.
3.6.4. 6 79 9 C Wi2
0C 9545 A CBF 5 5 95 5 565F545B95 5 5BD F7 B B565" F 5F B695" BF5B5 95BD8 WiMax F C BD7 4C97 FF5" BD79 7 D5 IEEE 802.16 FC 597 74895 47 F C 97 97 C97 4A F5BD 5C9 A F 5DA#C99 (5 50 6E) CBF 5 5 9 BCDC", 5D95BA BA 6 647BB C 597489 4 5 5 B6 BCDC".
3D79 7 D IEEE 802.16 4 IEEE 802.16-2001 (C67 8 2001 5 7),
A 4A "BA FC E BD79 7 D5E «D5 67-E95 5D5 67», 4 5 C9D 5 79 97 7 5D BFC6D C 5D 10 5 66 66! , 676 B4C BD C, D C 5 74 97 5# C9 A FC C 7D 67 F )E9 67 5 47BD F AE5" E5BD, D5 A 4ACDBA B CBD C99 E 9C 5BD7D65E, 5B5 C995 B45 A 5 5 7. 35 47B95 5F B799 E BFC! 67! AE, BCD8 802.16 E5 47 5 B4 # 7D8 5 60 64 C9D5 B5 B65 5BD8 679747 T-1 (1,554 D/B).
%5 9CC F5A 4 B8 BD79 7 D IEEE 802.16a, IEEE 802.16-2004
IEEE 802.16C (E5 489 " WiMax), 65D5 45 B9AD5 D C 5 79 C F AE5" E5BD EC# FC C 7D 65E F )E9 65E.
+B95 9 C F7 7ECD FC C B4C99 BD79 7 D5 DC 9545 WiMax B C C9 D7 4.3.8.
239
123456 3. 78926ABC5 DCEF 6F 56ABC5 5 F
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17 84 |
7 3.8 |
2 2 5 |
IEEE |
IEEE 802.16a |
IEEE 802.16- |
IEEE |
|
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802.16 |
|
2004 |
802.16e |
|
#, 4 |
2001 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
|
3 2*23 |
10 - 66 |
EC9CC 11 |
EC9CC 11 |
2 - 6 |
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+2, 00" |
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, 4 6#" # |
QPSK, |
OFDM 256 |
OFDM 256 |
OFDM 256 |
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16 QAM, |
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64 QAM |
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! %, |
32 - 134 |
1 - 75 |
1 - 75 |
5 30 |
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, / 6% % |
.CD |
.CD |
.CD |
*7 |
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$2 |
20, 25 |
+D 1,25 5 20 |
+D 1,25 5 20 |
554CC 5 |
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!2 262, ,0" |
28 |
B 16 45 CB6- |
B 16 45 CB6- |
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E 679747E |
E 679747E |
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124 |
1 - 5 |
5 – 8, E76B E E |
5 – 8, E76B E E |
1 - 5 |
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50 |
50 |
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17BBE5D E 5B95 9 C 6 + # 55 6 Wi7 5D WiFi.
1.'787! 6 489A6 59. %C 597 74895 BD79 7 D 7 7 7D 74BA 4A BD7! 597 95" CBF 5 5 95" B A 97 548 C 7BBD5A9 A F C BE7D 74 E5 4895BD8 F548 5 7DC4C" F C C47 79 A. 1 8 2005 5 4 7 7 5D79 BD79 7 D IEEE 802.16e, 5 C9D 5 799 " 97 E5 489 F548 5 7DC4C". 2 97BD5A CC CEA C )DBA 7 7 5D67 95 BFC! 67! " 802.16f 802.16h 4A BCDC" 5BD F7 B F5 C #65" 7 5D E5 489 (F5 #9) 64 C9D5 F B65 5BD #C9 A 5 300 6E/ .
2.F689 6E7A42 6822 7#2 5E2AABD 37 46F342 A4 6E 4 F232 75#4 6E 5 B45 4 7CD 54CC B56 C 7D 7D 97 F5BD 5C9 C BCD.
3.)689 42 37 56!A4! 4A FC C 7 799 D C D C C9 A A 7 BFC! CB6 F 5 4CE: 5 E 5 79 C B 9745 7 95" E5 95BD, BF548 5 79 C 9CB65486 B CE E5 4A!, F 5 4CE 7 D 9 5 E7!.
4.)689 62 #4 86 F689 6E75282C 5 95" A C"6C.
5.)6822 EB 6 7! F36F A7! F6 6 A6 59, F C 5BD7 4ACE7A F548 5 7DC4.
6.2 B565C 67 CBD 5 5 B4 # 79 A E 48D EC "95 5 D 7 67.
%C 597 74895 B D745B8, D5 IEEE 802.11 – 6 489ABC 7A786
Ethernet, 802.16 – CBF 5 5 95" 57 46A73ABC 7A786 7 289A6 6 5282E4 2A4!. + 9765 F5A 4C9 C 7 D C DC 9545 WiMax (IEEE 802.16e) 4A F5 C #6 E5 489 F548 5 7DC4C" C47CD D5 D C # C9 C BF5 9 E.
240