687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

D A FC B 5 3 32DC C C2B57 BEB2 6B57 C3 C D3 2B5B6AC 68 27 8C4 BB2 3 C;

•D 59 5 5 5 / 5CA B D D F C D 8DB2 C 27 5CDC AB 9 D32 3D3;

•D 59 5 5 5 B 9DCD 9CD8D9A 58542 67 – 100 C EB833

3ECD/ .

#8 6B DC 3 C A7 7 D23EB57 C E 87 27 27EBD7 7 C

D7 672DC B57 7 D3 B8B1C B D2B3 C A7E389 C D3, B8 4C5 7 7 57 C3 «7E7 - &! !& & 2 2# 2$56* 2# 5 2».

D E74 7E9E5 A88AC 4A%23 8AC 9 26A (D D) 236 D758 3D BEB C3272 C43 A A7E389 C D3 67 C C8C 12 67 C, 27 6383 7 D2 AD 2 3 B6 C D3, B B5 C 236C ABDB2 58 D:

•532DCA789 7 2B5B6A7 3 6 &D7 7 C 67 C;

•1B2C B D789 7 2B5B6A7 7 &D7 7;

•A2B B5 3 (AB D7 CB 3) 7 38C (A2B-7 38C);

•B6 89 3 2B 3DAC 7 27EB4C 3 D7.

, B B5 $5 # !,! B B BD 3 DC 836 F33:

•68 323674C AB 9 D32 67, 1B8B 7 C 5C63BC B2 7 CC C B89 3D 36C 7 A7E389 7 C D3 7;

•ED89 C3 A7 CD78B58B 3 C (B 275 3 C D276C CB B6 B6B) B 2756 57 D 7 43D 68CD389 B &A 8 7D7 CC 3DC;

•BE8767 D B6 89 B D9 C 5B B B D9 5 3 3 C C 3 3 C C 727FC57 C A7E389 B 3DC;

•6B A7 D B6 B523 3 B3 C B89 B57 C3 3 AB89AC 27 8C4 3D35 2BDBAB8B5;

•3 75C D BD C 3 3 C 3D35 D3 B8B1C C 3 B D75FCA7 BEB2 6B57 C;

•C B89 D D7 672D 3 AB B 3 D C 7D32C78 C B 5B8 D

AB EC C2B57D9 5 B6 B 3DC A7E38C 27 5C6B5.

, 4 2 D2 AD 2C2B57 B1B B6 B67 BD B D:

•7A C 789 7 CD9A 5 27 3F3 CC BBD53D D5 F31B AB CA7 CB B1B BEB2 6B57 C;

•5B B B D9 5 3623 C B5 2C8B 3 C C D3 B8B1C;

•1727 DC2B57 B3 BBD53D D5C3 5 3 33 AB B 3 DB5 3 6 72B6 D7 672D7;

•5B B B D9 B6A8 43 C 27 8C4 5C6B5 BEB2 6B57 C

B BF9 C532 789 2B 3DBA 7 27EB4C 3 D7. 54 2 D2 AD 2C2B57 B1B B6 B67:

•ED89 C 2BA B D2B3 C, 43 2C D276C CB B B6 B63;

•6B B8 CD389 3 A7 CD789 3 7D27D 7 C E DB4 B3 BEB2 6B57 C3 (A7E38C, 2B 3DAC, A2B-7 38C), ABDB2 3, 5 2B43, E D2B BA 7 D 5 2B 3 3 &A 8 7D7 CC.

+ B5 D7 672DB, B C 57 FC !,!, 58 3D D7 672D ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A, 27 27EBD7 C D532 63 AB CD3D7 C American

131

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

National Standards Institute (ANSI), Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) C Electronics Industry Association (EIA).

2.5. 728 454 367 2B2A7 6 259EB

254D9A2AC, 2C FC3 C2 56 E 6 E 9B 3 (5A8 47 B DB5B8BAB 3):

•5 BA7 DBC B D9 723 6 3 5 6383 A7 78B5;

•B6532 3 B D9 3 7 C43 AC 5B 63 D5C 5 2B 3 3 &A 8 7D7 CC (BE2 5 C 7 A7 C) C, 5 5 C 5 BAB D2 6B3 AB D9 C D27 3 C, 5 B6 C D3 C D2B 7 68CD389 2BA;

•35B B B D9 B217 C 7 CC BEC89 B (B65C B) 5 C.

2.5.1. $"%92 98B9 F 5 EA89 AB99 "2 5 5 85& C 9

#8 B D2B3 C E3 2B5B6 3D3 323674C 67 3BE B6C B C 3D9 3 C789 3 D3 C43 AC3 C 2B127 3 236 D57. ,2B 3 DB1B, 3BE B6C B C 3D9 6 5 3$ 7B 672 D53 B C 3A CC &83AD2B 5 C 7 275B C B89 B57 C B 236383 47 DBD C8C 723 6B57D9 62 1C B217 C 7 C 3 5 6383 3 C 47 DBD.

-3 2B5B6 7 5 9 B B57 7 7 C B89 B57 CC 5 A743 D53 C B2 7 CB C1 78B5 &24 6 C8C, DB4 33, 165 & 2 6# 36!(5 # (4- ). 5 DB4 CA7 C C 2C3 CA7 C )"5 58 D

27 B1B 5C67 2 A5.

2.5.1.1. C 73DF5 5 65 3 !C

$7 2C.2.44 236 D7583 7 A87 C CA7 C D276C CB 5C6B5 E3 2B5B6 B 5 C, ABDB27 5A8 473D 5 3E:

•7 3 276CB 5 9 5 6C7 7 B 3 47 DBD BD 30 37 6B 3 AB89AC 63 DAB5 77;

•276CB2383 5 9 (''!) 5 6C7 7 B 3 47 DBD BD 1 6B 300 77;

•D CAB5 5 9 5 6C7 7 B 3 47 DBD BD 1 6B 100 77;

	• 87 32 (7 5,-8 47) 5 6C7 7 B 3 47 DBD BD 300 6B 400											7.
			B 4 $5 & 4 , #3
	$7 3 7			''!			! D CAB57			*7 32 7
	276CB 5 9			(1-300 77)			(1-100 77)			7 5,-8 47
	(30 37 -100 77)									(300-400		7)

2.44

)DC 3 5C6 E3 2B5B6 B 5 C 7 B6 D 5 EB833 C2BAB3 2C 3 3 C3 C 5 AB 9 D32 3D.

2.5.1.2. +2F2E47FC34CEC ,

+ B5 C 727AD32C DCA7 C )"5 (276CB5B8) 58 D:

132

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

• 46 2 BD6: λ = c , 163 9 – 9CD8D9A 53D7; f – 29ADA2 AB83E7 C f

276CB5B8;

•ED D9A 36F 5 P (& 321C 7 3A 6), C 32 3 7 5 57DD7;

•2 8 !5 D9A D6 36F 5, C 32 3 7 5 5B89D7 7 3D2.

2.5.1.3. -3A5 C F23DF534F2676C , F2!6 23454

$7 323674 )"5 5 DB4A3 2C3 7 BA7 57 D 58C C3 3 67 3 D789 C C43 AC 2B 3 7:

7)DA82!5 5 &83AD2B 71 CD B1B B8 (BD 83 8C, 67 C C D. .);

8)856DE65 5 31B 8 43 5 CB C C2B57 8B 7D B 32;

9)583 C3 4 82C.

F &2)5 5 &83AD2B 71 CD B1B B8 BD 83 8C (2C.2.45) 2C5B6CD:

•A B 87E83 C B8 (43 EB89 3 47 DBD7, D3 EB89 3 B 87E83 C3);

•A C 3 3 C 31B 7.

α1 α2

	α1 = α2
			2.45

3 & 2 , 6 , 5 7D B 323 B 673D 5 B B5 B 89D27 CB83DB5 C 8 43 C3 B8 7 C 3 3D 5BC 5B D57 5 D343 C3 DBA C 5 27 3 523 3 7 1B67.

% CB B 323 2BC B6CD (2C.2.46):

•856DE65 5 6F 5, 2C &DB 43 AB2B43 5B8 7, DB 3 D9 43 EB89 3 47 DBD7, D3 3 9 3 238B 83 C3 2C 2B4C 275 8B5C, B&DB 68 5 C AB C43 AC C BE93AD7 C C B89 D 5 BAB47 DBD 3 276CB5B8;

•B18BF3 C3 & 321CC.

f4
5B C C2B57	f3
8B	f2
	f1
f1 < f2 < f3 < f4	2.46

133

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

9 '&2 " # (2C.2.47) – 583 C3 B1CE7 C 23 D D5C, 2C5B6 F33 A B 87E83 C B8: 43 EB89 3 27 DB C3 C 43 EB89 3 47 DBD7, D3 87E33 583 C3 6C 27A CC C EB89 3 B 87E83 C3 B8 5 DB4A3 2C3 7.

#C 271C2 FC

8 4

2.47

"2C 5 EB23 68C 5B8 (47 DBD 323674C) 68 E3 2B5B6 B 323674C 3BE B6C B 2C C 7D9 5B 5 C 7 C3 8B5C 27 2B D27 3 C 276CB5B8, 75C FC3 BD:

•D23 5 3 27 BD23 7ADB2B5 (B18BF3 C3, BD27 3 C3, 6C 27A C);

•C D3 C5 B DC B 3;

•AB2B DC 323674C C 62.

2.5.1.4. %C2D2!56 F2 C5 5A6

% 276CB53F7D389 2C CA7 276CB5B8 8B5 B 27 6383 7 836 FC3 6C7 7 B:

•46 5 (2000 – 600 C8C 150 – 500 A7);

•9854 5 (600 – 200 C8C 500 – 1500 A7);

•	CD8DAC 5	(100 – 10 C8C 3 – 30 37);
•	F6 A82CD8DAC 5	(3 33 10 C8C EB833 30 37).

-B833 7 4 B BEB B57 C 7AB 3 7B D7 672DB 58 3D 6383 C3 5B8 7:

•C 6DE5A8DB 5 (47 DBD7 < 300 A7);

•5CADE5A8DB 5 (300 – 3000 A7);

•45C2E5A8DB 5 (3 – 30 37);

•E5A8DB 5 (30 – 300 37);

•45 E5A8DB 5 (300 – 3000 37);

•92 A E5A8DB 5 (3 – 30 77);

•E 66 E5A8DB 5 9F E 66 E5A8DB 5 (> 30 77).

2.5.1.5. ' 5 34 2 F2 C5 5A6 F2!6 C2D2!565

5 B89 B57 C3 276CB5B8 27 6C7 7 B B5 5 D3 C8C C BE87 D B 23638 3D C 5B D57 C, ABDB2 3 A27DAB 27 7D2C57 D

C 3.

E 6 5 & 5 6:

•# 2 23D 46 BD6 (29ADA): EB833 1 000 (3 33 300 A7).

•254D9A2ADC: 8B 7 C 8 47D389 7 B BE B D9 7 D3 (C AC A. .6. 7 D3).

134

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

• 5 B89 D 68 B 67 C C D3 DB 4C5B1B 276CB53F7 C C 5 C 7 EB89 C3 27 DB C, 68 5 C B6 5B6B, A 67 3 2B CA7 D

5B8 EB833 5 BAC 47 DBD.

35 5 & 5 6:

•# 2 23D 46 BD6 (29ADA): 1000 – 100 (300 – 3000 A7).

•5 33D 3 DB / 5CA 32E 82 D6 (54) C-7:

1C 3 3 C 8BD B DC CB B 32;

15 7C B63 D5C "2B D27 D53" C "3 B1B" 8 43, 2C 36 C 5 B6 DB4A (2C.2.48).

•5 B89 3D 68 276CB53F7 C C 5 C 7 8BD3 C 5 75C7 CC.

$7 5B8 3 λ = 600 32367578 3 6 72B6 C1 78 E36 D5C

"SOS".

95 2 5 & 5 6:

•# 2 23D 46 BD6 (29ADA): 100 – 10 (3 – 30 37).

•;583 C3 6C 27A CC 3 F3 D53 B C-7 23 AB1B 5B 27 D7 C BD329 & 321CC 2C BD27 3 CC BD 83 8C (2C.2.49).

«"2B D27 D53 8 4»

«83 B 8 4»

2.48

•"B83 5 DB4A3 2C3 7 B 673D 5 B B5 B 7 43D 238B 83 C 5B8 5 CB C C2B57 B 8B3 7D B 32 (ADC2 7 8C C 7 2C.2.49).

•5 33D 3 DB 7 C27 C3 B8 C 2B 767 C3 5 C C-7 238B 83- C 5B8 5 CB B 323 C 5 7C B63 D5C 8 43 (2C.2.48 C 2C.2.49).

•$7 B 67 C3 B8 58C D B8 34 3 5 AC, 27 3 C3 5B8 7 38AC 3B6 B2B6 B D CB B 32, "27 F3 83 C3" (27 6383 C3) 8 43 C-7 78C4C 71 CD B1B B8 83 8C.

•"2C 3 D 2C B 67 CC 2BD 3 (71C D2789) 8C C 276CB 5 C C 68 8 ECD389 AB 5 C.

"238B 83 C3

"238B 83 C3BD27 3 C3238B 83 C3

2.49

135

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

5 & 5 6:

•# 2 23D 46 BD6 (29ADA): 10 – 1 (30 – 300 37).

•"27ADC43 AC BD D D5 3D 583 C3 6C 27A CC.

•5 33D 3 DB 583 C3 85 82C BD6 B 2AED9 585, AB167 5B8 27 2B D27 D 3 B 2 8C C, 7 B 6 17.

•$7 5B8 7 AB2B43 4 74C 73D F3 D53 B A7 57D9 583 C3 82995 824 DBD6 7 78 3B6 B2B6 B D 7D B 32 C CB B 32, 5 23 89D7D3 431B B83 BA7 573D B43 9 87E, B B-23 3 DB 4C5.

•"2C B5 3 CC BF B D3 32367D4CAB5 6B 3 AB89AC AC8B57DD B B B F3 D58 D9 276CB 5 9 7 27 DB C 6B 3 AB89AC D 4

AC8B 3D2B5.

95" 5 & 5 6:

•# 2 23D 46 BD6 (29ADA): 1 – 0,1 (300 – 3000 37).

•5B B 327 68 63 C 3D2B5 5B8 B8 B D9 2B 274 7 – B83 3 3 238B 8 3D, B&DB 5B B 7 5 9 AB C43 AC C BE93AD7 C.

•) 321C B8 74CD389 B 3 9 73D C-7 B18BF3 C 5 A7 8

6B 6, D 7 7, 5 B83A 87 AC 8B2B67 C 62 1C 17 B5.

72 5 & 5 6:

•# 2 23D 46 BD6 (29ADA): 0,1 – 0,01 (3 – 30 77).

•'7 2B D27 D 27ADC43 AC DB89AB 5 236387 2 B 5C6C B DC.

•5 B89 D 3 C789 3 B D2B 7 27583 3 7 D3: 727EB8C43 AC3, 2 B2 3 C 62.

•#8 5B8 AB2B43 1,5 74C 7 D 2B 58 D9 8D 599

ED65CF6 8 D D D 6D 5 &83AD2B 71 CD B1B B8.
66 5 & 5 !$ 66 5 & 5 6:
• # 2 23D 46 BD6 (29ADA): 0,01 – 0,001	(30 – 300	77) –
C88C 3D2B5 3 5B8 C 3 33 0,001 (EB833 300	77) –	5B8
E C88C 3D2B5 3.

•+ 87E83 C3 B8 C-7 B18BF3 C 5 D 7 3 C 6B 63 5B 27 D73D 6B

30-100 6-/A.

•% 7 DB F33 523 6C7 7 B 5B8, C B89 3 5 E3 2B5B6 B 5 C, 2B DC273D 6B:

1	82C829: 100–0,75 A (3–400 7);
1	B 4 E, 13 32C2 3 87 327 C: 0,75–0,4 A (400–750 7).

• "B18BF3 C3 5 D 7 3 C 6B 63 C 2BA27 C 5C6C 5B8 B 3D 6B DC17D9 BD3 6-/A, 4DB B 7473D C 27ADC43 A 3 2C 3 C B D9 5 BDA2 DB 2B D27 D53 – C C B89 B57 C3

383 BBE27 B 5 7A2 D C D3 7: 5B8 B5B67 C 53DB5B67.

5 & 5 45" 5 & 5 5B8 C B89 D 5 D3835C63 CC, 276CB53F7 CC, 68 3 D B 5 C C 75C17 CC 7 7&2B62B 7, 68 5 C

B65C C BE93AD7 C 5 1B2B67.

$7 2 5 & % 5B8 7 27EBD7 D: 276CB2383 3 8C CC, 276CB8BA7 CB 3 C D3, C D3 5 C AB C43 AC C BE93AD7 C.

136

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

"2C B D2B3 CC AB 9 D32 3D3 C B89 D 5 BAB47 DBD 3 276CB5B8, 74C 7 63 C 3D2B5B1B 6C7 7 B 7 47 DBD: 7 DC 3D2B5 3 C C88C 3D2B5 3.

2.5.2. 'A 268AC A 95 C

, 5% (5 &54 2 7 3 B 276CB 5 C BD B D:

•824 D9A2 ,%- C /,%-6C7 7 B B5;

•D32 C 789 3 3D35 3 AB D2B8832 – 824 DED45E.

/AF9565F26 ('3) 236 7 743 68 27583 C BE 3 7 67 C B 276CBA7 78 C 5A8 473D 3 6 )%3 C 276CB D7 C3 ('!) (2C.2.50).

'3 BE 4 B 236B D758 3D 836 FC3 5B B B DC:

•5 EB2 AB2B DC 323674C;

•D7 B5A7 7623 7 B8 47D38;

•231 8C2B5A7 4 5 D5CD389 B DC, 236BD527F7 F7 2C3 B B5B1B C1 787 5 BD D D5C3 C B2 7DC5 B1B.

#8 236BD527F3 C 2C3 7 B B5B1B C1 787 5 BD D D5C3 C B2 7DC5 B1B 5 276CB B63 5 D27C573D 231 8 DB2 4 5 D5CD389 B DC, ABDB2 7673D B2B1B5B3 743 C3 5 B6 B1B C1 787, 2C ABDB2B 276CB B63 5A8 473D 7 2C3.

						) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
)%3		'3		'!			'!			'3		)%3

2.50

&7 9 23 85 – B2B1B5B3 743 C3 5 B6 B1B C1 787, 2C ABDB2B '3 5A8 473D 7 2C3.

,B D2 ADC5 B '3 C '! BE 4 B 5 B8 D 5 5C63 B6 B1B

D2B D57.

9 2 C B89 B57 C 7 3 B 276CB 5 C:

•275 CD389 B 35 BA7 DBC B D9 323674C 67, B AB89A, 3 BD2 7 74CD389 3 74789 3 58B 3 C B 275 3 C D383 B B 5 9, 723 6 7 87D7 7 B6C 276CBA7 78 74CD389 B C 3 723 6 B 87D 7 5 6383 D383 B A7 78;

•5B B B D9 27EBD 7 B6 B 276CBA7 783 3 AB89AC 7EB 3 DB5;

•5B B B D9 B217 C 7 CC BEC89 B 5 C.

C C4 2C 32B E3 2B5B6 B 7 3 B 276CB 5 C B 3D 8 CD9 E3 2B5B6 7 D383 B C, B8 4C5 7 7 57 C3 BDB5B 5 C, BE3 34C57 F7 323674 3 DB89AB 234C, B C 62 1C DC B5 67, 5A8 47 89DC 36C 3, 7 D7A 3 5 B6 5 5 D32 3D C 62 1C3 D383AB CA7 CB 3 3DC.

% B 836 33 63 DC83DC3 5 EB833 C2BAB3 27 2B D27 3 C3 B8 47 D E3 2B5B6 3 8BA789 3 5 4C 8CD389 3 3DC, 2378C 3 3 5 27 A7 7 3 B 276CB 5 C. +D8C4CD389 C B BE3 B D C D7AC 3D3 (B 275 3 C «D276C CB B» 7 3 B 276CB 5 9) 58 D:

• C B89 3 3 6C7 7 B 47 DBD 1 C EB833 77;

137

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

•275 CD389 B 3EB89 B D322CDB2C789 B 57D (6B 3 AB89AC BD3 3D2B5);

•3 C789 3 3DB6 AB6C2B57 C 32367573 67.

2.5.3. (A 95 232&8F2 39899 C 9

'76CB2383 3 8C CC 5 C (''*!) 236 D758 D BEB 3 B4A 2C3 B-32367 FC D7 C, 7 D3 ABDB2 BD DB D 62 1 BD 62 17 7 27 DB CC 2 B 5C6C B DC. ''*! C B89 3D E98B9 E2 EA8 3CB99, AB167 A7 67 D7 C, 5 B6 F7 5 ''*!, 2C C 73D, C8C573D C C 8 473D C1 78 5 7 27583 CC B 36 3 D7 CC (2C.2.51).

"B8717, 4DB 83 8 – 72, 27 DB C3 r 3 6 65 7 B6 FC C 7 2 B 5C6C B DC 7 D3 7 C 5 8 473 1876AB B532 B DC 83 8C (275 C 7 E3 83 7 C8C 5B6 7 B532 B D9) B 23638 3D C 8B5C ( .

2C.2.51):

r = r + r = (R + h )2 − R2

+ (R + h )2

− R2 = 2Rh + h 2 + 2Rh + h

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

2

2

,

163 h1, h2 –

5 BD7 D7 B5AC BBD53D D53 B 32367 F3 C 2C3 B

7 D3 B 36 C D7 C; R – 276C 3 B1B 727.

r1

r2

h1

h2

R

2.51

/4CD 57, 4DB

h2

≈ h2 ≈ 0

B 275 3 C

2Rh

2Rh

, B8 4C:

1

2

1 C

2

r ≈ 2Rh1 + 2Rh2 = 2R( h1 + h2 ) .

"2C C 7, 4DB R ≈ 6400 A = 6 400 000 , B8 4C:

r ≈

13000 000 ( h1 +

h2 ) [ E] = 3,6 1000 ( h1 +

h2 ) [ E] = 3,6 (

h1 +

h2 ) [CE].

7AC BE27 B, 5 8 473 7E B8 D B 1876AB 3 B B532 B DC 27 DB C3 (5 AC8B 3D27), BE3 34C57 F33 2 5C6C B D9 3 6 7 D3 7 C, B 3D E D9 27 4CD7 B B B2 83:

r ≈ 3,6(h1 + h2 ) [A],

163 h1, h2 – 5 BD D7 B5AC BBD53D D53 B 32367 F3 C 2C3 B 7 D3 B 36 C D7 C (5 3D27).

"2C h1 = h2 = 100 B8 4C: r ≈ 72 A.

138

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

#8 323674C C1 78B5 B ''*! 2C 3 D B D2B 7 27583 3 7 D3 EB89 C AB& C C3 DB C83 C 30-40 6- (103 – 10 4 27 B BF B DC), 4DB B 5B8 3D 2C 3 D9 32367D4CAC 3EB89 B BF B DC (3 EB833 10-20 %D).

#8 27EBD ''*! 5 638 D 47 DBD 5 BE87 DC BD 1 6B 30 77. #B DBC D57 &DC 6C7 7 B B5:

1)5 BA7 2B A 7 B BE B D9;

2)5 BA7 B 3 B DB 4C5B D9 C 763 B D9.

#8 538C43 C 2B A B B BE B DC ''*! 7 A7 6B D7 CC BE 4 B D7 758C573D 3 AB89AB AB 83ADB5 2C3 B-32367 F3 7 727D 2, B6A8 473 A B6 B BEF3 7 D3 3 C C B89 FC 27 3 3 FC3 (27EB4C3) 47 DBD. (3 B4A7 D7 C B6 C AB 83ADB B6 BDC B 5 BAB47 DBD B 2C3 B-32367 F3 7 727D 2, D7 B583 B 7 A7 6B D7 CC (E3 B6 8 DB2B5 C 63 B6 8 DB2B5), BE27 D D7A 7 573 545 A 5 8 ('&) 53 ''*! C8C

EAF95 53.

'& 5 &24 &565, 5 6 #3 ((''*!) 236 7 743 68 323674C 5 BAB AB2B D BDBAB5 C 2B5 67, ABDB2 3 727AD32C D C2BAC 3AD2B 47 DBD C D23E D C2BAC B8B 2B A7 C 2C3 B-32367 F3 7 727D 2. (''*! 27EBD7 D 7 47 DBD7 EB833 10 77 C 5 C88C 3D2B5B 6C7 7 B 3 5B8 47 DBDB BD 30 77 6B 300 77. (''*! C B89 D 5 B1BA7 789 C 2B5 3D 5 C C 727AD32C D 5 BAB AB2B D9 323674C 67.

2.5.4.D 7 8945 F2 9 26F C 9

2.5.4.1.*C7 3 7 76C

% BEF3 8 473, B6 7 8945 5 C # B C 7 D 5 9 3 6

35E E 9A2 E (17) 4323 CD9E 59C 5 9A2 ('7), 236 D758 FC3 BEB 7 C5 3 9CF99AB5 5 9 FA C 15E6 (*71),

2378C FC3 A CC 85A82 96 AD82.

+217 C 7 CB B-D3 C43 A7 B5BA B D9 8! 5 C 27 8C4 B1B E7 C2B57 C, ,! (D CAC-23D27 8 DB2) C 75DB 7DC C2B57 B C D3 27583 C BE27 D 7 8945 7# 9 267 C 9 (DDD).

! D CAC B1 D BE3 34C57D9 2 3 A7 78 3 6 65 DB4A7 C 5 3D 5 C, 27 638 2B A B BE B D9 A7 787 B 236 D5B 47 DBD B1B C8C 523 3 B1B 8BD 3 C. +6 7AB EB833 & 3ADC5 58 3D B BE B217 C 7 CC, 2C ABDB2B A7 6B B89 B57D38 68 323674C 67 236B D758 3D 5 B8B 7 2B A7 C. "2C &DB 7 B6 B 47 DBD3 f1 B2 C2 3D A7 78 BD 3 D7 C A 2C C 7 F3 D CAB5B D7 CC, 7 7 62 1B 47 DBD3 f2 ≠ f1 – C2BAB53F7D389 A7 78 A 3 D7 C BD D CA7, ABDB2 23D27 8C2 3D 7A3D, C B89 D7A 3 5 B8B 2B A7 C. )DC 7A3D 2C C 7 D 5 3 C 3 C D7 C C, 7 B6 FC C 5 276C 3 63 D5C 7 D3 D CA7.

. 78C C2 7623, B632 7FC 5 71B8B5A3 7A3D7, 3 7 D7 C

139

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

2C C 73D D3 7A3D, ABDB2 3 236 7 743 3 B 236 D53 B 3, C

C1 B2C2 3D B D789 3.

$7 2C.2.52 BA7 7 2C C 2378C 7 CC D CAB5B 5 C. 83 7

D7 C

8!1

32367 D

7A3D AB C43 AB

D7 CC ,!1 7 47 DBD3

f1 ,

ABDB27 23D27 8C2 3D B8 43 3 67 3 7 47 DBD3

f2 ≠ f1 . % 3 D7 CC

(8!1, 8!2, 8!3), 7 B6 FC3 5 B 3 5C6C B DC ,!1, 5A8 47 D7 C

BD 275CD389 8!1, B8 47 D 32367573 7A3D, DB 3 D9 3236747 BD ,!1 A

3 D7 C 2378C 3D B 3 3 «DB4A7-B1BDB4A7». 83 7

D7 C, 7623 ABDB2B A7 7 5 32367573 B 7A3D3 A7A 7623

7 743 C, 7 B CD &DBD 7A3D 5 E 32. + D789 3 8! C1 B2C2 D &DBD

7A3D.

#8

323674C

67

D7 CC 8!4,

7 B6 F3 5 3

,!1

B 5C6C B DC

,!1,

B 3D

f2 ≠ f1

C B89 B57D9

3F

B6C

f1

D CA ,!2, ABDB2 7

47 DBD3

f3 ≠ f2

23D27 8C2 3D

7A3D, B D C5 C BD ,!1.

+ C 7

2C C

8!2

27EBD C 33D B1B BEF31B

8!1

8!3

,!2

7 3 C

276CB C D3 7 C.

!7 B3 EB89 B3 8236 5 3 6

9 FA CDB E

C

235E E

824 D9 9A5E2E

B DBCD

5B

f3 ≠ f2

B85E5

829 8D9A82 5

32367573

C1 78B5.

"2C

8!4

2.52

7 B 63 CC

13B D7 CB 72 B1B

D CA7 7 5 BD3 BAB8B 36 000 A BEF33 523 27 2B D27 3 C C1 787

(A D CA C BE27D B) B D758 3D BD 240 6B 270 5 75C C B DC BD

DB1B, 7 B6CD 8C D CA 5 3 CD3 C8C 5E8C C 1B2C B D7, 7 43DB

89DC 83A C2B57 C, AB D7 CC C 7632 3A BE27EBDAC C1 787 BEF7

7632 A7 B 3D B D758 D9 6B 400 . -871B672 5 BAB AB2B DC

323674C 7A3DB5 3 7 D7 C B 3D 3D9 32367D9 EB89 B3 4C 8B

7A3DB5, 23 63 43 325 C 7A3DB5 5B 527DCD 7 83 8. "B&DB 5

D CAB5

C D3 7

3 2C3 83

3DB6

236BD527F3 C

DB8A B53 C 7A3DB5 B BF9 AB D2B8 3 F3, ABDB2 3

C B89 D 5 7 3 276CB C D3 7.

% 9 FA CDBD 9 9A5E5 3 3 3 7 C B6D532 63 C

275C89 B DC 2C D 67 B BF9 A5CD7 C, B AB89A 5 3

3 3 D7 CC 2C C 7 D 7A3D BD ,! (5 DB 4C 83 C D7 C-C DB4 CA

8!1 7 2C.2.52). 4 8C D7 C-C DB4 CA 2C C 73D 5B 7A3D 5 DB 3

5C63, 5 A7AB B E 8 32367 AB C43 AB D7 CC, DB &DB 5 BAB

D3 3 9 532B D B DC 5C63D389 D5 3D B DB, 4DB 7A3D 275C89 B 2C D

D7 C3 7 743 C. % DB 3 523, 275C89 2C3 7A3D7 D7 C3-

140