687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

C 2378C B57 7 5 5C63 C 2B5B 7 727D 2 89DC 83A C2B57 C C AB D7 CC, ABDB27 B8 4C87 7 57 C3 1 C B 5B8 87 5 C 2B5B 5C63 89DC 83A C2B57D9, 3236757D9 C AB DC2B57D9 67 3 247EB 3 DB5.

! 3 7 B2 C2B57 C A7 787 1 BA7 7 7 7 2C.2.79. "B AB89A 7EB 3 D B89 B578C 9 BE 4 C 7 78B1B5 C D383 B C 7 727D7 C, A CC B C 2B5 57 C C AB6C2B57 C 1B8B 7 7 B B53 5,3- 23BE27 B57 C 5B 87178C 9 7 89DC 83A B2 (3"). 7AC BE27 B, 89DC 83A B2 1, BE936C 24 23435 A7 78B5 B AB2B D C 64 AECD/ , BE3 34C578 B2 C2B57 C3 A7 787 2B A B B BE B D9 1,544 3ECD/ , ABDB2 B8 4C8 7 57 C3 «A7 78 1».

	.		3 89DC 83A B2 (3") 1
	1	.	5,3	-
	24		5,3	3 89DC 83A C	2B57 C3	,7 78	1
		.
	.		64 AECD/
	.	…				1,544 3ECD/
	.
			64 AECD/
			1) B C 2B5 57 C3
			47 DBDB 8000 7;
			2) 5,3-23BE27 B57 C3.
							2.79

,7 78 1 236 D758 D BEB 6 83A 3 C 2B5 3 A7 78 68 323674C C 2B5 C1 78B5. "325B 74789 B A7 78 1 5 B8 8C 2B89 71C D2789 A7 78B5 D383 B B 3DC, BE3 34C57 FC B5 3 2B A B BE B D9. "B 323 B532 3 D5B57 C C 2B5B D3 B8B1CC C C 3 C DBC B DC A7 78 1 D78C C B89 B57D9 5 A743 D53 5 6383 C8C 723 6 3 A7 78B5.

#8 B6A8 43 C 87 AB 9 D32 B 3DC A A7 78 1 C B89 3D 3 C789 B3 BEB2 6B57 C3:

•CSU (Channel Service Unit) – D2B D5B BE 8 C57 C A7 787;

•DSU (Data Service Unit) – D2B D5B BE 8 C57 C 67.

CSU 2378C 3D 7ADC43 AC C D32 3 3 6 A7 78B 1 C 8B, B6632 C573D A743 D5B A7 787, BD 83 C573D B36C 3 C C 5 B8 3D 5 A7 783 1 2B89 C C43 AB BAB 34 B DB4AC. DSU 23BE27 3D C1 78, 5 B8 3D C 2B C 7 C, B2 C2 3D A762 A7 78B5 1/41, C8C573D C1 78 C B F3 D58 3D 5 275 C57 C3 712 AC A7 787. DSU B6A8 473D A CSU C BE 4 B BEB 7473D A7A B6 B D2B D5B – DSU/CSU, ABDB2B3 B6A8 473D A B D7 C 72 2 DC 7DB27.

171

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

% 6789 3 3 E 87 27 27EBD7 7 7 727D 27 89DC 83A C2B57 C C 2B5 BDBAB5 EB833 5 BAB1B 2B5, ABDB27 B8 4C87 BEB 743 C

2, 3			C 4 C B 5B8C87 B2 C2B57D9 C3272 C AB2B D3 323674C
67 B A7 787, BEB 7473 7 78B1C4 BE27 B:
		•	A7 78 2 2B A B B BE B D9 6,312 3ECD/ B8 43 D
89DC 83A C2B57 C 4- A7 78B5										1;
		•	A7 78		3	2B A B B BE B D9									44,736 3ECD/			B8 43
D 89DC 83A C2B57 C 7-C A7 78B5												2;
		•	A7 78		4	2B A B B BE B D9									274,176 3ECD/			B8 43
D 89DC 83A C2B57 C 6-C A7 78B5												3.
7%5 2 ' &						& 2 # 2 26 A2-A4 236 D7583 7 7 2C.2.80.
	,7 78		1			,7 78		2		,7 78				3
	1,544				6,312 3ECD/						44,736 3ECD/
	1															,7 78			4
						1						1
	2			3"		.		3"				.				3" 274,176 3ECD/
	3		2			.			3			.				4
	4					.						.
						7						6
																			2.80

% 452B 3 2C 3 3D BD8C47 FC BD 7 32CA7 AB1B 3 6 72B6 D7 672D, C B89 FC 836 FC3 BEB 743 C A7 78B5:

•A7 78 41 2B A B B BE B D9 2,048 3ECD/ , B8 43 B 5 23 89D7D3 89DC 83A C2B57 C 30 23435 A7 78B5;

•A7 78 42 2B A B B BE B D9 8,488 3ECD/ , B8 43 B 5 23 89D7D3 89DC 83A C2B57 C 4- A7 78B5 41;

•A7 78 43 2B A B B BE B D9 34,368 3ECD/ , B8 43 B 5 23 89D7D3 89DC 83A C2B57 C 4- A7 78B5 42;

•A7 78 41 2B A B B BE B D9 139,264 3ECD/ , B8 43 B 5 23 89D7D3 89DC 83A C2B57 C 4- A7 78B5 43.

7CD8D9A (2B A 3 B BE B DC) A7 78B5 i C 4i BEB 747 D 5

5C63 DS-n (Digital Signal):
•	DS-0:		1 23435B A7 78 2B A B B BE B D9 64 AECD/ ;
•	DS-1:		A7 78 1/41 (1,544		3ECD/ / 2,048	3ECD/ );
•	DS-2:		A7 78 2/42	(6,312	3ECD/ / 8,488	3ECD/ );
•	DS-3:		A7 78 3/43	(44,736 3ECD/ / 34,368 3ECD/ );
•	DS-4:		A7 78 4/44	(274,176 3ECD/ / 139,264 3ECD/ ).
$7		27ADCA3 5 B B5 B C B89 D A7 78 1/41 C 3/43.
$7		2C.2.81 BA7 7 B2 7D A762B5 1 (DS-1) C 2 (DS-2).

,762 1 (2C.2.84,7) BE936C 3D 24 23435 A7 78B5, 5 A7 6B C ABDB2 32367 D 1 E7 D, C ECD C 2B C 7 CC S. #8C 7 A7627 B D758 3D: 24*8+1=193 ECD. ,762 32367 D 8000 27 5 3A 6. B167 AB2B D9 323674C 67: 193 ECD*8000= =1,544 3ECD/ .

172

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

,762 2 (2C.2.84,E)

BE936C 3D 4

A7627

1,

ABDB2 3 27 6383

8 3E B83 !, BE3 34C57 FC 5 DB 4C 83 C 2B C 7 C.

. 78B1C4 B, A762

3 BE936C 3D 7 A762B5

2, 7 A762

4 – 6

A762B5

3.

PDH

7) A762

1

0C C43 AC

2B53 9

B6632 C573D:

1

2

3

…

24

S

•

5CD 72;

•

AB7A C789 A7E389;

,762

1

!

…

,762

1

!

•

5B8BAB B-B DC43 AC A7E389.

E) A762

2

"B 836 C3 657

DC 7

A7E38

C B89 D 68 A7 78B5

3/43.

2.81

54 2 PDH:

•8B B D9 89DC 83A C2B57 C C 63 89DC 83A C2B57 C;

•BD D D5C3 27 5CD 5 D2B3 2B 36 2 AB D2B8 C 27583 C 3D9, 7 D7A 3 2B 36 2 B6632 AC BDA7 B DB 4C5B DC;

•35 BAC3 B B523 3 32A7 AB2B DC 323674C 67: 139 3ECD/ 68 44, 5 DB 523 A7A %+, B 5B8 3D 2378C B57D9 63 DAC 7ECD/ C EB833.

2.6.7.2. 'C6 F5662 C F5 2 C7F2F C

!C 2B 7 C 2B57 C3272 C (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, SDH)

325B 74789 B B 5C87 9 5 !6. B6 7 57 C3 SONET – Synchronous Optical NETs (D7 672D 2C D 5 1984 1B6). 452B 3 AC D7 672D SDH B C 7 5 3 C CA7 C G.707 - G.709. SDH C SONET B8 B D9 B5 3 DC.

356 82382 DAC SDH – B 67 C3 C532 789 B D3 B8B1CC 68 323674C D27 CA7 C 2B5 A7 78B5 1/41 C 3/43 C BE3 343 C3 C3272 CC AB2B D3 6B 3 AB89AC 7ECD/ 7 B B53 %+,.

+EB 743 C3 2B5 3 C3272 CC:

•5 SDH: STM-n (Synchronous Transport Module);

•5 SONET:

1 STS-n (Synchronous Transport Signal) – 2C 3236743 &83AD2C43 AC C1 78B;

1+!-n (Optical Carrier) – 2C 3236743 67 53DB5 8 4B B %+,.

0B2 7D A762B5 STS C OC – C63 DC4.

53272 C AB2B D3 D3 B8B1C SDH C SONET 236 D7583 7 5 D7E8.2.4.

!D2 AD 27 3DC SDH BA7 7 7 7 2C.2.82.

% B D75 SDH 5 B6 D 836 FC3 D2B D57:

•A58E 26 5 F9A8D 9AB2 ( ) – 325C 3 767 D32 (Service Adapter, SA);

•EF6 A 65C9D8 ()");

173

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

•EF6 A 65C9D8 BBD42-B BD42 ()"--); 2C C 7 D C 32367 D D27 CDB BDBA STS-n, 5 D758 C8C 678 E3 B8 B1B 63 89DC 83A C2B57 C B89 B57D389 AC3 67 3;

•85 5 582AD8 (1);

•8DB 5 C8D99-CD 5CAD8 68 AB D7 CC 5 BAB AB2B D BDBAB5 67.

2 6 2 2.4

SDH

SONET

7 & *

STS

OC

-

STS-1

OC-1

51,840 3ECD/

STM-1

STS-3

OC-3

155,520 3ECD/

STM-3

STS-9

OC-9

466,560 3ECD/

STM-4

STS-12

OC-12

622,080 3ECD/

STM-6

STS-18

OC-18

933,120 3ECD/

STM-8

STS-24

OC-24

1,244 7ECD/

STM-12

STS-36

OC-36

1,866 7ECD/

STM-16

STS-48

OS-48

2,488 7ECD/

STM-64

STS-192

OS-64

9,953 7ECD/

STM-256

STS-768

OS-256

39,81 7ECD/

STS-1

1

3

3" STS-n

3"

…

'

3"

'

…

41

STS-1

%%

43

…

2.82

!D3A 2BDBAB8B5 SDH B632 CD 4 2B5 (2C.2.83).

1. + 3 (5 , !& 5 * (Photonic). ,B6C2B57 C3 3DB6B NRZ

(B6 8 C 53D7).

2. & 5 * 5 " (Section). !3A C – 3 232 5 BD23 BA %+, 3 6 65 D2B D57 C. "2B5B6CD D3 DC2B57 C3 3A CC C

B6632 C573D B 327 CC 76 C C D27DC5 B1B AB D2B8.

3. & 5 * 6 (Line). +D53473D 7 323674 67 3 6 3". "2BDBAB8 &DB1B 2B5 5 B8 3D B 327 CC 89DC 83A C2B57 C C 63 89DC 83A C2B57 C, 7 D7A 3 5 D75AC C 6783 C B89 B57D389 AC

67.

4. & 5 * &2 2 (Path). +D53473D 7 6B D75A 67 3 6 AB 34 C B89 B57D38 C. 27AD – B D75 B3 5C2D 789 B3 B36C 3 C3 3 6 B89 B57D38 C. "2BDBAB8 2C C 73D C 23BE27 B5 573D 67 3 C i/Ei 5 STS-n.

174

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

#7 3							#7 3
		#2 5
27AD							Path
		(6DC STS-n
*C C	'248				*C C		Line
!3A C			!3A C		!3A C		Section
	7B5A
0C.2.			0C.2.		0C.2.		Photonic
		'			3"

2.83

$7 2C.2.84 236 D7583 B2 7D A7627 STS-1 5 5C63 7D2C 27 32B 9 7 90 E7 D, B632 7F3:

•32 D6DBDC 95C – 68 AB D2B8 C 23AB C1 27 CC 3A CC;

•32 D6DBDC 6 – 68 23AB C1 27 CC, AB D2B8 C 27583 C

8C C3;

•32 D6DBDC FA – A7 573D 3 DB B8B 3 C3 5C2D 789 AB D3 32B5 5 A7623.

				90 E7 D
	3 E7 D7				1 E7 D
	871B8.	%,1	%,2	…
	3A CC			871B8B5BA DC
9 E7 D	871B8.
	8C CC
	E7 D73
					2.84
'9E 7A3 8 458 2 82E (%,) – &DB B6A762, ABDB2 3 323 B D
BDBAC 67 EB833 C AC C AB2B D C, 43 STS-1 (51,84 3ECD/ ), D.3.
ABDB2 3 5A876 57 D 5 A762 STS-1, A7A					&DB BA7 7 B 7 2C.2.87. %
A743 D53	D7AC 5C2D 789		AB D3 32B5		B1 D 5 D 7D9, 7 2C 32,

.3-43 AC, A762 1/41 C D.6.

!4 DB DB1B, 4DB A762 STS-1 27 32B 90*9=810 E7 D 32367 D

8000 27 5 3A 6, B8 4C: 810[E7 D]*8[ECD]*8000[ -1]=51,840 3ECD/ .

7AC BE27 B, SDH – &DB B B57 7 7 5B8BAB B-B DC43 AC A7 787 C D312C2B57 7 3D9 5 C, B 5B8 F7 3236757D9 5 3 5C6 D27 CA7 C BE3 34C57 F7:

175

123456 2. 78549AB2 A565CDEEF C2

•C B89 B57 C3 C 2B B 323674C BE7 DB5 43236B57 CC 2C 89DC 83A C2B57 CC;

•C B89 B57 C3 D7 672D B1B 32CB67 B5DB23 C A762B5 5 125 A;

•5A8 43 C3 5 C3272 C EB89 B1B 4C 87 2B5 3;

•C B89 B57 C3 D3 B8B1CC AB B B5AC (C A7 8 CC) 2BDBAB8B5 5 5C63 5C2D 789 AB D3 32B5, C 7AB5AC C D27 B2DC2B5AC, B 5B8 FC3 712 7D9 C 323 B CD9 5 C A762 PDH.

176

123456 3. 78926ABC5 DCEF 6F 56ABC5 5 F

123456 3. 789A7BCDE FD 7 E7BCDE E

123456748 9ABCD5CEF56748 DFE6 (123, 45674897A BCD8 / Local Area Network, LAN) – 65EF8 DC 97A BCD8, 5 CBFC 7 7A FC C 7 799 97 9C 548 C 7BBD5A9 A (5D 9CB65486 CBAD65 ECD 5 5 9CB65486 6 45ECD 5) B5 B65 5BD8, 676 F 7 45, 9C EC9CC 1 D/B.

5 7F: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI.

3.1.12345367 829A43BA533 CDE

3.1.1.12324563786 9A9B6779A5C DEF

1.123345634789ABC 6DE75 – 5D 9CB65486 CBAD65 ECD 5 5 9CB65486 6 45ECD 5.

2.35C 9ACD 5 95 F23 6A789AB2 6 F9 523B 5C 4C6D 5995C 5 B95C 6 63 6E7A42, F5 54AA F548 5 7DC4AE 5 EC9 7D8BA 9 5 E7! C" B5 ECBD95 C6D 95 BF548 5 7D8 5 C CB B, 97F EC, F 9DC, E5 CE BD 5"BD 7 4A 79C9 A 799.

3.A523 2C – F6 82 6E75289ABC.

4.5 5 5E 25 , D76 676 B 974 FC C 7 DBA "CBDCBD C995"" ! 5 5" 5 EC.

5.2 67 CBD C BD 5"BD 7 B5F A#C9 A $2 B5 B C 5" FC C 7 BF548 CDBA 5BD7D5 95 F 5BD5C BD 5"BD 5 – 252E6C 7 7F523.

6.36 5B2 54F6EB2 56F686 44: "5 7A 97", "6548!5", " C 7".

7.5 5 5E 25 73 3 54 7 4! (3-" 5 C98 E5 C4 OSI).

8."B 6 7! 636 59 F232 7#4 799, 676 F 7 45, 54CC 1 D/B.

9.3 7 9 DC4895 A2 689 42 75375B 97 F5BD 5C9 C BCD. %C C B4C99 C 5B5 C995BD 5 B45 4 7 D 5B95 9 C 4 2

123, 764 7 CBA F36 5652 252E6 6 6 63 6E7A4! 4 63 7A4 7 44 7 289A6C 4 52 B , 676 B4C BD C, F36 5652 $F8 757 44 BCD.

3.1.2. F9A52 DEF

2 5 CE B4 7C 123 64 7CD BC A:

• A6%2 5E6 &"', 5 95 FC B597489 65EF8 DC 5 (%&),

977CE 4 2BC C DE47 C8 C;

•252EB2 7 7F523B, F C BD7 4A C B5 5" 4C6D 599 F47D 4A B5F A#C9 A %& B5 B C BD 7E 65EE 9 67!;

•32 F232 7#4 (7 4 53789), F C BD7 4A B5 5" B5 56 F95BD8 B C BD 65EE 9 67! " (65EE 9 67! 5997A BCD8, BCD8 B A ), 5 'C 9A 7A BC %& C 9 B4 DC489 BCD8 67 C4895" B BDCE5" 4 7 5B A 8.

FEF9AF 4 4 EF A ( ) (F47D, 67 D) F C 97 97 C9 4A B5F A#C9 A %& B5 B C BD 7E 65EE 9 67! B CD5E F 9AD 7995" BCD F 7 47E 5 EC97 9 5 E7! C".

%C C C98 96! ", 5 47 7CE 97 3(, 7 B D 5D 6596 CD95" BCD, 5 CE B4 7C, E5#CD D8 7 D 97 C FF:

177

123456 3. 78926ABC5 DCEF 6F 56ABC5 5 F

1)7 4 53789AB2 (7A789AB2) A 44, 5 CBFC 7 C B5F A#C9 C 7 7FDC 7 B %& BCDC 5" E7 BD 748;

2)252EB2 A 44, 5 CBFC 7 C FC C 7 799 BCD C74 C F 9AD " BCD F 5D5654 5 EC97.

& E7 BD 7489 E 96! AE 3( 5D95BADBA:

1)4C6D CB65C C 5 79 C B 9745 E7 BD 74;

2)7BF5 97 79 C (C 7! A) B5 BD C995 5 7 CB7 97 E7 BD 74;

3)5 7 5D67 BD 5 5 5 EC97 97 E7 BD 74 7 5D67 9 D C99 F 7 4A B 9745.

& BCDC E 96! AE ( 5D95BADBA:

1)789E7A4#2 7! 37 E! 7 %& B C BD 65EE 9 67!

(5DB DBD CD B4 7C 5FD5 54565995" CBF 5 5 95" B A );

2)F326 37 6E7A42 36EA2C 4 A786E F FC C 7 C F )EC 799;

3)6 436E7A42 4 A786E F FC C 7 C 2 6 436E7A42 F F )EC

(5DB DBD CD F BF548 5 79 65 7 NRZ);

4)37 F6 A7E7A42 E62 6 7 37 F F )EC;

5)F326 37 6E7A42 6 7: F7 744C4895 5 F5B4C 5 7DC489 " F FC C 7 C F5B4C 5 7DC4895 5 F7 744C489 " F F )EC;

6)23436E7A42 FC C 7 7CE F 9 E7CE 799 C 95" F7EAD 3(;

7)F36E2 2A42 73 4537%7 6 2A7 F5 BCD (659D 548 B5BD5A9 A BCD, 7 C C9 C 659 4 6D5 D. .);

8)F6 #25 6A53689A6C B 7 37 F FC C 7 C F )EC.

%C C CD C 96! BC 7 C74 DBA 7FF7 7D95, 5BD7489 C

E5 D D8 C74 5 79 F 5 7EE95, D5 CBDCBD C995 B9 #7CD B65 5BD8 5 EC97.

A6 !" 2 # A F FC C 7 C 67 5 B5 C # D B4C $57FB (F F )EC – 5 7D97A F5B4C 5 7DC4895BD8).

1.232 7#7 7AABD. *799 C FC C 7 DBA +,- %& C 9 F7EAD8 3( ( C 95" F7EAD 3( +,- %& F F )EC) C C F 5 7EE CE " 67974 5 7/5 7, 67974 F AE5 5 5BD F7 6 F7EAD 4 7 C4ACE F7EAD8.

2.) 234 7 4!. .C5 5 E7 4A 79C9 A 799 5 CEA 5 7 5D6 3( 5 CBFC C9 A B5 47B5 79 A EC# B5 5" B65 5BDC" FC C 7 5 7 5D6 9 5 E7! 7 4 9 E 65EF59C9D7E 123.

3.*63 436E7A42 7 37 (66 +2A4!):

•B55 C9 C 7 C4ACDBA 97 67 F FC C 7 C (67 5 'C 9A DBA B55 C9 C F F )EC);

•6 67 5 7 4A DBA (74A DBA F F )EC) 7 545 56 659!C 6.

4. 6 5 F 7 28. % 5 C ACDBA 5 E5#95BD8 FC C 7 67 7 4 9 B A : 4A Ethernet F 5 C ACDBA 9C 79AD5BD8 4 9 B A , 4A Token Ring – 974 C E7 6C 7. % F )EC 67 7 D5D D7F 5DB DBD CD.

178

123456 3. 78926ABC5 DCEF 6F 56ABC5 5 F

5.326 37 6E7A42 7AABD F7 744C4895" 5 E F5B4C 5 7DC489 F FC C 7 C F5B4C 5 7DC4895" 5 E F7 744C489 F F )EC.

6.,6 436E7A42/2 6 436E7A42 7AABD. /5 E DBA 4C6D CB6 C B 974, BF548 CE C 4A F C BD7 4C9 A 799.

7.232 7#7/F342 4 F 89 6E. ,765 5 799 C 4C6D CB6 C EF 48B FC C 7 DBA 4 9 B A (F F CEC F 9 E7 DBA 4 9 B A 97F 7 4A DBA 97 C65 5 79 C).

& 5EC D D7F5 F F CEC 3( ECBDC B F 5 7EE9 E 5 CBFC C9 CE %& 37 F6 A7 5 4 6 37 75BE7 5 6 4 4, 5 9 67 C -

7 4C6D CB6 F5EC, 659 4 6D5 BCDA B5 B4 7"9 E 5BD F5E 4

- 7 F45 5" 7 5D 5 5 5 79 A.

3.1.3. 9 9 9 CC DEF

2 123 97 54CC 565C 7BF 5BD 79C9 C F54 4 B4C C D5F545.

1. "$2" (bus) – F C BD7 4ACD B5 5" 67 C48, EC9 CE " 2 26%& 4 5 5, 6 65D5 5E F5 64 C9 BC 65EF8 DC BCD (B.3.1).

1	1	1	1
1 – 7 5 7A BD79! A			– BCDC 5" 7 7FDC
	– DC E 97D5		3.1

&7, FC C 7 7CE " 5D 4 5 5 65EF8 DC 7, 7BF 5BD 79ACDBA F5 9C 5 C BD5 59 F5BD F7CD C BCDC 7 7FDC 5 BC 65EF8 DC 5 BCD, 676 D5 F 96D 5E F567 795 97 B.3.1. .5 D54865 D5D 65EF8 DC, 65D5 5E 7 CB CDBA 799 " 67, B5 79ACD C 5 C C 4A 7489C" C" 5 7 5D6. 34C CD ECD8 , D5 67# " E5EC9D CEC9 F232 7# 6%25 E2 54 5689 6 6 4A 6 F9 523.

.7 F 5 5 DC4895BD8 BCD (B65 5BD8 FC C 7 799) 4 A D B4C C 76D5:

•654 CBD 5 65EF8 DC 5 BCD DC 9 CB6 C F7 7ECD;

•9DC9B 95BD8 (7BD5D7) FC C 7 799;

•D F 7 5D7 BCDC F 45#C9 ";

•D F BCDC 5 5 67 C4A;

•7BBD5A9 C EC# 65EF8 DC 7E BCD.

*4A F C 5D 7 C9 A 5D 7#C9 A 4C6D CB6 B 9745 97 67# 5E 659!C 67 C4A BD797 4 7 D 5 2, F5 45 7 C 5D 7#C99 C B 974.

179

123456 3. 78926ABC5 DCEF 6F 56ABC5 5 F

34 A73 2A44 286 5A6 54 254 (5 4 5DB5C 9C9 C 67 C4A),

7 D76#C F34 65 5 5E44 523 4A75636E, BCD8 "F7 7CD" F C6 7 7CD 96! 59 5 7D8.

2. "' 5342" (star), 65D5 5" BC 65EF8 DC F5 64 7 DBA 6 !C9D 74895E 65EF59C9D – 659!C9D 7D5 (B.3.2).

1	1	1	1
		2222222–		BCDC 5" 7 7FDC

9 "5 2

3.2

%C C 7 7CE " 67 E5#CD D8 5BD FC9 BCE 65EF8 DC 7E BCD, 676 D5F545 «97», 4 #C, B4 7C 9DC44C6D 74895 5 659!C9D 7D5 7, 7 5D7 C 5 97 2-E 5 9C OSI-E5 C4, 97F 7 4AD8BA 6596 CD95E 65EF8 DC B55D CDBD B 7 CB5E 97 97 C9 A.

+B95 9 E A2 6 575 7 4 D765" D5F545 A 4A DBA:

•97 DC489 " 7B 5 67 C4A 4A DC D5 74895 548 BCDC";

•9 67A 97 C#95BD8 ( 65C ECBD5 – 659!C9D 7D5).

3. "9 6%"" (ring). 3 974 FC C 7 DBA F5 6548! E 6 A6 A7F37E82A44 F 5 5 AD C C 67# " 65EF8 DC (B.3.3). 2 5D4 C 5D F7BB 95" D5F545 "97", 67# " 65EF8 DC BD F7CD 54 F5 D5 DC4A, 7F B 7A 67 C BCDC 5 5 7 7FDC 7 7DCE FC C 7 7AB4C CE 65EF8 DC.

1	1	1	1
	2222222

3.3

2 7 B E5BD 5D BF5B5 7 FC C 7 B 9745 7 4 7 D:

1) F7 4EAB2 56F686 44, 65D5 65EF8 DC D54865 "B4 7 D" FC C 7 7CE C F5 BCD 799 C, 95 9C FC CEC 7 D 5D 5DF 7 DC4A 6 F54 7DC4, F5 D5E 5 BD 5A 5 95 5 65EF8 DC 5 9C B67 7CDBA 97 7 5DC 5BD7489;

2) 7 54EAB2 56F686 44, 65D5 65EF8 DC C C9C D B 974 FC C 7 D F5 BCD.

3.1.4. 3 C5645 38 DEF

0 F 7 DC6D 123:

•5 95 79 5 C BCD;

•BCD D F7 "64 C9D-BC C";

180