II. Read and translate the following text:

Computer programs, whether destined for large computers or microcomputers, are written initially in an abbreviated but readable code, called mnemonics indi­cated the function the computer must perform in three or five letters (e-g. ADD). The mnemonics program is called a Symbolic Program When you enter the pro­gram into the machine, a resident program translates it into binary machine language. This program is called the Object Code. When we think of programming lan­guages Pascal, Delphi or C++ automatically come to mind. All were originally written for large complex and are now being used for microcomputers and micro­processors, PASCAL or C++ are called high level lan­guages because they are high: above machine operation, i.e. the resident program, called a compiler; tells the ma­chine what to do. It means the user does not need to concern, himself with what's happening in the machine, i.e. he is isolated from the hardware and machine lan­guage of the computer and can concentrate on the solu­tion of the problem. High level languages use easy to understand mnemonics such as WRITE. The high level mnemonics translate via the resident program into a number of binary machine instructions for the object program. An ADD instruction, for example, might translate into machine instructions to fetch the data, perform the add and then place the answer in the proper location The user typically writes one the high level coding for two or three lines of machine coding. In other words, high level languages require fewer lines of coding than low level languages.

The high level language makes the programming easier, but it also takes up memory and requires longer execution time than assembly language!

EXERCISES:

I. Answer the questions:

1. In what code are computer programs written ini­tially?

2. What is a computer program?

3. What do we call the Object Code?

4. Why are Pascal, Delphi or C++ called high level lan­guages?

5. Is the user isolated from the hardware and machine language of the computer?

6. What are the advantages and drawbacks of high level languages?

7. What languages require fewer lines of coding?

II. Find the following words in the dictionary, read and translate them.

•read-readable-reading-reader

•suit-suitable-suited-suiting-suitor

•execute-executive-executor

•instruct-instructive-instruction - instructor

•involve-involved-involving-involvement

•operate-operative-operated-operating-operation-operator

III. Define the terms using the word-combinations in brackets:

program - (instructions, of, the computer, a se­quence, tells, that, to handle, is, problem, perform, exactly, how, complete) .

instruction - (program, a coded, tells, what, is, the computer, to do, that, single," for, pro­gram, operation, in)

IV. Choose the necessary words:

1. The user is isolated from the (software, hardware, compiler) and can concentrate on the solution to the problem

2. High level languages require fewer lines of (coding, decoding, computing) than low level languages

3. All have one characteristics the (user, programmer, engineer) does not have to know anything about the computer.

4. The mnemonics indicates the (function, program, data) the computer must perform in three or five letters (e.g. ADD).

5. The high level language makes the (coding, comput­ing, programming) easier.

LESSON II.COMPUTER LANGUAGES -HIGH LEVEL AND LOW LEVEL (part 2)

I. Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations: performance - виконання to interfere with - заважати, to instruct - інструктувати, інформувати close - близький

tomention - згадувати, посилатись на щось

content of program memory - задоволення програм

пам'яті

execution time of routines - час виконання програм a couple of days - пара днів

scratchpadregister - регістр надоперативної пам'яті tocostdown - знижувати ціну