4. Find words in the articles with the following meanings.

Article A	Article B
1 people with the same jobs as each other	6 aspects of a person’s character
2 a clear sign that a system isn’t working	7 absolutely convinced
3 thinking only about yourself	8 based on stories about personal experience
4 giving orders without asking others for their opinions	9 a difference between things
5 wanted to achieve an important goal	10 behave in a determined way

5. From the two texts, find as many characteristics as possible that are attributed to female managers.

6. Which ideas expressed in two articles do you agree with? Do you find any of these ideas surprising?

R EADING 3

2. Read the text and see if the writer’s ideas are the same with yours.

3. The text has eight subsections. Match the cartoons with the sections.

Men and women do things differently. There are, of course, exceptions to every generalization, including this one.

Cristina Stuart is a managing director of Speakeasy Training, a consultancy that runs courses for men and women working together. Here she describes a few key differences between the sexes in the workplace.

1 Working together

The male approach to business is competitive, direct and confrontational. The end justifies the means.* Personal status and a focus on the individual are important.

The female method is collaborative. Collective action and responsibility are more important than personal achievement. Lateral thinking*, as well as goodwill and the well-being of the individual, are also of great importance.

2 Tackling problems

The male approach is to go to the heart of the problem, without taking into account secondary considerations. The female preference is to look at various options.

3 Body language

Male body language tends to be challenging. Female body language tends towards self-protection. A stereotypical female pose is sitting cross-legged; the male sits with legs apart to give an impression that he is in control.

Male behaviour can include forceful gestures, for example banging a fist on the desk for effect. The female style does not usually include aggressive gestures.

4 Language

The male way of speaking does not encourage discussion. Women tend to welcome others opinions and contributions more.

5 Conversation

Men like to talk about their personal experiences and achievements or discuss ‘masculine’ topics such as cars or sport. Women tend to talk about staff problems and personal matters.

6 Meetings

If a woman does not copy the male confrontational style, she is often ignored.

7 Self-promotion

Men find it easy to tell others about their successes. Women tend to share or pass on the credit for a success.

8 Humour

Men’s humour can be cruel – a man’s joke usually has a victim. Female humour is less hurtful. A woman often jokes against herself.

CAVEAT

Many men have a female style of working. Equally many women have a male approach.

As Ms. Stuart says many of the current management theorems – flatter organisations*, empowerment, managing by consensus* - have a female style to them.

*the end justifies the means: it doesn’t matter what methods you use; success is the only important thing

*lateral thinking: thinking in a creative way, making unusual connections

*flatter organisation: organisations in which there are fewer managers and people have equal status

*managing by consensus: managing by getting everyone to agree