Irregular Verbs ________________________________________ 44

Glossary ______________________________________________ 50

Литература/ References_________________________________ 55

UNIT 1 ORAL HEALTH

Vocabulary. Anatomy of a mouth

1. Read the text, capture the picture.

The mouth (oral cavity) consists of several components including the teeth, gingiva (gums), tongue, palate, cheeks, lips and the floor of the mouth. With the exception of the teeth, the mouth is lined by mucus membrane.

1

2

3

4

5

2. Match the words to their definitions:

A – tongue	1 …are held within the jaw bones and serve several important functions beyond allowing you to chew.
B – palate	2 … is the soft tissue in the mouth known as the gums that covers the bone holding the teeth in place.
C – gingival	3. …is a muscular organ in the mouth with several functions. One of them is taste, but it also facilitates chewing, digesting, swallowing and speaking.
D - teeth	4. …are the soft fleshy tissue that connects to the front area of the cheeks. The outside of them is covered by the skin. Blood vessels give them red colour.
E - lips	5. …refers to the roof of the mouth, is divided into two parts – the soft and the hard.

Reading.

Read the text and answer the question “Why is oral health so important and essential to general health and well-being?”

Oral diseases are progressive and cumulative, and become more complex over time. They can effect our ability to eat, the food we choose, how we look, and the way we communicate. These disease s can effect economic productivity and compromise our ability to work at home, at school or on the job. Health disparities exist across population groups at all ages. Over one third of U. S. population (100 million people) has no access to community water fluoridation. Over 108 million children and adults lack dental insurance, which is over 2.5 times the number who lack medical insurance.

Dental caries (tooth decay) is the single most common childhood disease – 5 times more common than asthma and 7 times more common then hay fever. Over 50 percent of 5- to 9-year-old children have at least one cavity or filling, and that proportion increases to 78 percent among 17-year-olds.

There are striking disparities in dental disease by income. Poor children suffer twice as much dental caries as their more affluent peers (более финансово благополучные ровесники), and their disease is more likely to be untreated. Professional care is necessary for maintaining oral health, yet 25% of poor children have not seen a dentist before entering kindergarten. The social impact of oral diseases in children is substantial. More than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illnesses. Poor children suffer nearly 12 times more restricted-activity days than children from higher-income families. Pain and suffering due to untreated diseases can lead to problems in eating, speaking and attending to learning.

(Source: US Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Oral health in America: A report of the Surgeon General-Executive summary)

Read the text again and explain the numbers:

100 million –

108 million –

50% -

78% -

25% -

51 million –

True/ False. Correct the false statements.

1. Oral diseases become simpler over time.

2. Health disparities exist across population groups at all ages.

3. Over 108 mln children and adults have dental insurance.

4. Dental caries is very rare among children.

5. There are striking disparities in dental disease by income.

6. The social impact of oral diseases in children is minor.

7. Pain and suffering due to untreated diseases can lead to different problems.

Grammar. Numerals

There are cardinal and ordinal numerals in the English language.

1) Cardinal numerals show the number of certain items. They correspond to the interrogative word “How many?”

2) Ordinal numerals are used to show the order of items. They correspond to the question starting with the word “Which?”

3) Such words as “a hundred”, “a thousand” and “a million” are nouns, not numerals. If these words are used in a singular form, they always go with the indefinite article “a” or the numeral “one”.

Study the table and do the task

.

Cardinal numerals		Ordinal numerals
1 one	13 thirteen	1^st first	13^th thirteenth
2 two	14 fourteen	2^nd second	14^th fourteenth
3 three	15 fifteen	3^d third	15^th fifteenth
4 four	16 sixteen	4^th fourth	16^th sixteenth
5 five	20 twenty	5^th fifth	20^th twentieth
6 six	21 twenty-one	6^th sixth	21^st twenty-first
7 seven	22 twenty-two	7^th seventh	22^nd twenty-second
8 eight	23 twenty-three	8^th eighth	23^d twenty-third
9 nine	35 thirty-five	9^th ninth	35^th thirty-fifth
10 ten	47 forty-seven	10^th tenth	47^th forty-seventh
11 eleven	100 a hundred	11^th eleventh	100^th a hundredth
12 twelve		12^th twelfth

Write and pronounce:

47 - __________________________________________________________

123 - _________________________________________________________

36 - __________________________________________________________

289 - _________________________________________________________

54 - __________________________________________________________

32 - __________________________________________________________

24 - __________________________________________________________

7^th - __________________________________________________________

33^d - _________________________________________________________

87^th - _________________________________________________________

12^th - _________________________________________________________

Make phrases with some of the numbers.