Vocabulary

1. Choose the correct definition from given below:

Periodontal diseases are –

1. diseases that involve many organs or the whole body.

2. diseases which are caused by a health provider or health care service.

3. diseases induced by biofilm (dental plaque).

2. a) Choose the words from the box to fill in the gaps.

Disease gingiva massive bone preventive during difference

The mildest form of periodontal 1 _______ is characterized by slight inflammatory changes of the gingiva surrounding the teeth. The severest form is a 2 _____ loss of tooth-supporting structures, including alveolar bone, and subsequent tooth loss. Early periodontal disease that is limited to the 3 _____ is referred to as gingivitis. Gingivitis is a common clinical finding that affects nearly everyone at some time 4 _____ the life cycle. Periodontal disease that affects tooth-supporting structures and alveolar 5 _____ is referred to as periodontitis. Damage caused by periodontitis is not reversible with primary 6 _______ measures; however these procedures aid in the control of periodontitis. Loss of attachment is the primary clinical and diagnostic 7 _____ between gingivitis and periodontitis.

b) Make up phrases. Use these phrases in your own sentences

1 – periodontal 2 – inflammatory 3 – alveolar 4 – clinical 5 – preventive

bone finding changes disease measures

Speaking

Inflammation in the Periodontal Lesion

a) Study the picture and the table and answer the questions:

1. What anatomical structures support the teeth?

2. How many stages of periodontal lesion do you know?

3. What changes is the initial lesion stage characterized by?

4. What are the clinical changes of the acute gingivitis stage?

5. How can you recognise transition from gingivitis to periodontitis?

Four anatomical structures support the teeth: gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. Collectively these structures comprise the periodontium. The tissues of the periodontium attach the tooth to the alveolar process.

Stages	Time	Clinical changes	Histological changes
I. Initial lesion - initial response of tissue to bacterial plaque; - subclinical gingivitis.	2 – 4 days	none	Increase in gingival crevicular fluid
II. Early lesion - acute gingivitis	4 – 7 days	Redness Bleeding upon probing Loss of tissue tone	Continuation of initial lesion; Chronic inflammatory cells appear Connective tissue fibre destruction
III. Established lesion - chronic gingivitis	14 or more days	Moderate-to-severe inflammation	Chronic inflammation: blood vessels congested, blood flow impaired, Continuation of changes in early lesions
IV. Advanced lesion - transition from gingivitis to periodontitis	Dependent on host response	True periodontal pockets Attachment loss Bone loss	Inflammation extending into connective tissue; Attachment and alveolar bone; Bone resorption

b) Speak about the consequences of the inflammation of the periodontal lesion.