In the form of helix about the axis of rotation — в форме спирали по оси вращения text

Milling is the process ofremoving metal with rotating cutters.

The essential features of most milling machines are a power-driventable on which the work is done and aspindle carrying one or moremultiple-toothed cutters,slots orgrooves.

The horizontal milling machine consists of a main casting in whichthe spindle and itsgear drive and the gear-box aremounted. On the front of this casting is a vertical V-guide on which theknee is mounted.The knee is raised or lowered by a telescopicjack screw. Asaddle slides from front to back onV-guides on the top of the knee. The work table is mounted in V-guides on the saddle. The table is provided with movementin two directions at rightangles to each other in the horizontal plane,and with vertical movement relative to the cutter, whose height is permanently fixed.

The cutter is mounted on an arbor and held in the desired position by spacing washers and a locking nut.

The type of a cutter mainly used on the horizontal miller is what is known as a side and face cutter, that is, a cutter provided with cutting edges on both sides and on periphery. For large flatsurfaces, roller milling cutters are used, having cutting edges in the form of helix about theaxis of rotation.

Exercise 1.1. Find the Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

the process of removing metal; the essential features; multiple­toothed cutters; the spindle is mounted; a vertical V-guide; is raised or lowered by a jack screw; movement in two directions; a saddle slides; is permanently fixed; cutting edges; flat surfaces.

суппорт скользит; процесс удаления металла; характерные черты (особенности); шпиндель крепится; постоянно зафикси­рована; поднимается или опускается при помощи домкратного винта; плоские поверхности; движение в двух направлениях; вер­тикальный V-образный передаточный рычаг; режущие края; мно­гозубчатые фрезы.

Exercise 1.2. Answer the questions:

1. What is milling?

2. What are the essential features of most milling machines?

3. What does the horizontal milling machine consist of?

4. What is there on the front of the casting?

5. What is mounted on the casting?

6. What is the knee moved by?

7. How does the work table move?

8. Where is the cutter mounted on?

9. What is known as side and face cutter?

10. What types of milling machines do you know?

11. What are roller milling cutters used for?

Exrecise 1.3. Find the wrong statements and correct them:

1. Milling is the process of drilling a hole.

2. A spindle carries multiple-toothed cutters, V-guides and slots.

3. The vertical milling machine consists of a casting and feed-gear box.

4. The knee is mounted on the horizontal V-guide.

5. A saddle moves at right angles on the top of the knee.

6. The height of the locking cut is permanently fixed.

7. The cutter used on the horizontal miller is a side and face cutter.

Exercise 1.4. Complete the statements choosing the appropriate variant:

1. The horizontal milling machine consists of a casting in which ... is mounted and ...

1. locking nut; hole;

2. saddle; knee;

3. the spindle; feed gear-box.

2. The cutter is mounted on ...

1. arbor;

2. surface;

3. spindle.

3. The work table is mounted on ...

1. V-guides;

2. saddle;

3. in two directions.

4. The vertical movement of the table is relative to ...

1. saddle;

2. cutter;

3. cutting edges.

5. ... have cutting edges in the form of helix about the axis of rotation.

1. horizontal millers;

2. face cutters;

3. roller milling cutters.

Exercise 1.5. Translate into English:

1. Фрезерование — это процесс удаления металла с помощью вращающейся фрезы.

2. Фреза смонтирована на шпинделе.

3. Рабочий стол крепится на суппорте.

4. Зубчатая коробка передач и шпиндель — составные части горизонтального фрезерного станка.

5. Стол движется в двух направлениях.

6. Для плоских поверхностей используются роликовые фрезы.

7. Многозубчатые фрезы крепятся на шпинделе.

15. Text АMAIN TYPES OF MILLING MACHINES

Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:

versatile [' vgisatailj — универсальный, многосторонний.

spline [' splain] — шлиц, паз, шпоночная канавка, шпонка, планка

to install [in' sto:l] — устанавливать, собирать

to increase [in' krr.s] — увеличивать, возрастать

to employ [im' ploi] — применять

Word combinations for connected reading:

formed surface — фасонная поверхность flat surface — гладкая (плоская) поверхность cut splines — нарезать шлицы, вырезать шпоночные канавки column-and-knee type milling machine — вертикально-горизонтальный фрезерный станок lixed-bed and planer-type milling machine — бесконсольно-фрезерный станок

continuous action machine — станок непрерывного действия

TEXT

Milling machines are extremely versatile machine-tools. They can be used to machineflat andformed surfaces, tocut splines, teeth and threads and even to perform drilling and boring operations. Milling machines are an important part in allinstalled metal-cutting machines and their number is continuouslyincreasing.

There are many types of milling machines, for example:

1. Column-and-Knee Type Milling Machine. This is the most extensively used type of milling machine.

2. Fixed-Bed and Planer-Type Milling Machine.

3. Continuous Action Machine.

4. Special Milling Machine. These machines are employed in the clock and watch industry, as well as in the automobile, tractor and machine-tool industry.

Exercise 1.1. Find the Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

extremely versatile machine-tools; to machine flat surfaces; to cut threads; to employ in boring operations.

обрабатывать плоские поверхности; применять в расточке; супер универсальные станки; нарезать резьбу.

Exercise 1.2. Answer the questions:

1. Are milling machines versatile machine-tools?

2. What can milling machines be used to machine?

3. What types of milling machines do you know?

4. What type of milling machines is the most extensively used?

5. What milling machines are in the clock, automobile and tractor industry employed?

Exercise 1.3. Find the wrong statements and correct them:

1. Milling machines are extensively versatile lathes.

2. Milling machines machine contoured surfaces and cut splines and threads.

3. Continuous Action Machine is the most extensively used type of milling machines.

4. Milling machines perform drilling and boring operations.

Exercise 1.4. Complete the sentences choosing one of the appropriate variants:

1. Milling machines are extremely ... machine-tools.

1. vertical;

2. longitudinal;

3. versatile.

2. Milling machines cut...

1. threads and taps;

2. threads and splines;

3. splines and spindles.

3. Milling machines ... flat and formed surfaces.

1. cut;

2. machine;

3. perform.

Exercise 1.5. Translate into English:

1. Фрезерные станки — это универсальные станки.

2. Фрезерные станки бывают разных типов.

3. Число фрезерных станков непрерывно возрастает.

4. Фрезерный станок обрабатывает плоские поверхности.

5. Фрезерный станок используется для нарезки резьбы, зубьев и шпоночных канавок.

6. Сверление и расточка выполняются на фрезерном станке.

15. Text В