Figure. Engine Lathe

1 —gearbox;2— tailstock;3 —frame;4— spindle;5 —feed gearbox;6 — electric motor; 7— control panel;8—cross slide;9 —carriage;10 —tool block;11 —ways;12 —lead screw;13 —feed rod;14— operating levelshaft; 15 —operation and reverse handle;16—apron;17—hand feel wheel

Exercise 1.1. Find the Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

giant turbine; imparts rotary motion; for feeding the tool; removes metal; operations of milling and grinding; is widely used; differ in size; arrangement of gears.

различаются по размеру; операции фрезерования и шлифо­вания; расположение шестерен; широко используется; удаляет металл; для подачи инструмента; гигантская турбина; придает вращательное движение.

Exercise 1.2. Answer the questions:

1. What is the machine-tool?

2. Where are machine-tools used?

3. What parts does the ordinary drilling machine consist of?

4. What types of drilling machines do you know?

5. What machine-tool removes metal with a rotating cutter?

6. What operations can the lathe be used for?

7. What are the main types of lathes?

8. What do many types of lathes differ in?

Exercise 1.3. Complete the sentences choosing appropriate variants:

1. ... consists of a spindle which imparts rotary motion to the drilling

tool, mechanism for feeding the tool into the work, a table on

which the work rests, and a frame.

2. A milling machine is a machine-tool that... as the work is fed against a rotating cutter.

3. ... is used for turning and boring operations.

4. The lathe is still widely used in spite of it is...

5. Lathes differ in ...

6. The lathe can be used for...

7. The drilling machines are divided into four classes...

their size, design, method of drive, arrangement of gears and purpose; the oldest machine-tool; removes metal; drilling, reaming, tapping; sensitive, upright, radial and multi-spindle machines; the lathe; drilling machine.

Exercise 1.4. Translate into English:

1. Станок — необходимое в производстве оборудование.

2. Сверлильный станок — простейший станок.

3. Сверлильный станок состоит из шпинделя, механизма по подачи инструмента к детали, стола и рамы.

4. Деталь лежит на столе.

5. Сверло вращается при помощи шпинделя.

6. Фрезерный станок удаляет металл с детали с помощью фрезы.

7. Токарный станок используется для сверления, разверты­вания и нарезки резьбы метчиком.

8. Фрезерование и шлифование проходят без особых трудно­стей.

Exercise 1.5. Give definitions of the following terms:

milling, grinding, machine-tool, lathe, milling machine, reaming, boring, drilling.

15. Text В MACHINE-TOOLS

Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:

to undergo [лпсЗэ' gou] — подвергаться, проходить через

shape [feip] — форма

casting [' ka: stirj] — отливка

rolling [' roulii)] — прокатка

welding [' weldirj] — сварка

piercing ['pissiq]— прохождение отверстия

trimming [' trimiq] — обрезка, заделка краев, отделка

spinning [' spinig] — выдавливание (на токарно-винторезном станке)

bending ['bendii]] — сгибание

drawing [' dro: ir)] — выдавливание, волочение

machine-tool [тэ 'Ji : ntu: 1] — станок

lathe [leiQ] — токарный станок

headstock ['hed, stok] — передняя бабка

chuck [tJXk] — зажим, патрон, держатель

tailstock ['teilstok] — задняя бабка

carriage [' kasrid^] — каретка

perfection [рэ' f ekfn] — завершение

turner [' ta: пэ] — токарь

plane [plein] — плоский

surface [' sa: f is] — поверхность

milling [ 'milii}] — фрезерование shaping ['Jeipirj] — придание формы hole [houl] — отверстие

drilhng ['drilii]] — дробление, шлифовка, измельчение

boring [' bo: rirj] — бурение, сверление

thread [0red] — резьба, нарезка

gear [' gia] — шестерня

high-speed [' hai' spi : d] — скоростной

steel [sti : 1] — сталь

mill [mil] — станок, фреза

diameter [dai ' Eernits] — диаметр

workpiece [' wok, pi : s] — деталь

convenient [kon'vi :njont] — удобный

efficient [i' f i/ant] — эффективный

turning [' ta: nil]] — обточка, вращение, точение, токарная обработка grinding [' graindiq] — дробление, измельчение, шлифовка slotting ['slotir)] — выдалбливание, долбление, прорезание (кана­вок, пазов), пробивка отверстий to equip [i' kwip] — снаряжать, оборудовать countersinking [' kauntasinkiq] — зенкование reaming [' ri :mii]| — бурение, развертка, раззенкование tap [tasp] — метчик для нарезки резьбы

TEXT

Metal undergoes a number of processes before it is formed into the required shape: casting, rolling, welding, piercing, trimming, spinning, bending, drawing, etc.

The machines which perform all these kinds of works are called machine-tools. The most common machine-tool found in almost any workshop is thelathe. The main parts of it are: theheadstock, thechuck, thetailstock, thecarriage.

The automatic lathe is a perfection of the ordinary lathe. Its tools are changed automatically. A worker skilled in the use of a lathe is called aturner.

There are many other machine-tools that work on plane surfaces, for example,milling machines, planing andshaping machines. Circular holes are drilled by adrilling machine or bored by aboring machine or a boringmill. Thread milling machines are used in the production of different machine elements.Gear cutting machines include gear milling machines. All these machines use cutting tools made ofhigh-speed steel.

There are three types of lathes produced by our machine-tool manufacturing works: heavy, medium and light types. The type of a lathe depends upon the size of diameter ofworkpieces.

A mostconvenient andefficient machine is the model combination lathe forturning, milling, drilling,grinding, slotting, and tool-sharp­ening jobs. It can be used both in stationary and mobile repair shops, on ships, etc.

The most drilling machines are equipped with mechanisms, permitting not only drilling,countersinking andreaming, but also cutting femalethreads with the help oftaps.

Both universal and special-purpose type radial drills are built.

Exercise 1.1. Find the Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

stationary repair shops; are changed automatically; machine-tools perform; depends upon the size; diameter of a workpiece; the most convenient machine-tools; are equipped with mechanisms; cutting tools; circular holes; the main parts of lathe; a number of processes; high­speed steel; metal undergoes; are used in production.

металл проходит (через); многочисленные процессы; станки выполняют; основные части токарного станка; автоматически меняются; плоские поверхности; отверстия круглой формы; применяются в производстве; режущие инструменты; зависит от размера; диаметр детали; стационарные мастерские; скоростная сталь; оборудованы механизмами; самый удобный станок.

Exercise 1.2. Answer the questions:

1. What process does metal undergo before it is formed into the required shape?

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2. How are the machines which perform this work called?

3. What is the most common machine-tool in any workshop?

4. What are the main parts of a lathe?

5. Are tools of the automatic lathe changed automatically?

6. What are other machine-tools to work on plane surfaces?

7. What are circular holes drilled by?

8. Where are the thread milling machines used?

9. What are the main types of lathes?

10. What does the type of a lathe depend upon?

11. What is the most convenient and efficient machine?

12. What are the most drilling machines equipped with?

Exercise 1.3. Find the wrong statements and correct them:

1. The main parts of machine-tool are the headstock, the chuck, the tap and the tailstock.

2. Milling machines work on flat surfaces.

3. A boring machine drills circular holes.

4. Shaping machines include gear milling machines.

5. The type of a lathe depends upon the workpiece diameter size.

Exercise 1.4. Complete the sentences choosing one of the appropriate variants:

1. The machines which perform drawing, casting, rolling, welding, trimming, etc. are called...

2. The most common machine-tool is ...

3. ... are changed automatically.

4. Circular holes ... by a boring machine.

5. Machine-tools use ... made of high-speed steel.

6. The model combination lathe is ...

7. The most drilling machines are equipped with mechanisms which ...

are bored; permit not only drilling; countersinking and reaming, but also cutting female threads; lathe; cutting tools; machine-tools; the tools of the ordinary lathe; a most convenient and efficient machine.

Exercise 1.5. Translate into English:

1. Металл подвергается таким процессам как сварка, ковка, прокатка, отливка и т.д.

2. Основными частями токарного станка являются задняя бабка, передняя бабка, зажим и каретка.

3. Отверстия круглой формы высверливаются на сверлиль­ном станке или с помощью расточной фрезы.

4. Режущие инструменты в станках сделаны из скоростной стали.

5. Механизмы сверлильного станка позволяют сверлить, зен­ковать и нарезать резьбу.

Нш!

15. Text А MILLING

Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:

milling [ 'milii}] —фрезерование

to remove [ri 'mu: v] —удалять,снимать

teeth [ti: 6] —зубья

relative [' relativ] —относительно

rotation [rou' teijn] —вращение

spindle [spindl] —шпиндель

revolution [revs' lu:Jn] —оборот

Word combinations for connected reading:

multipoint cutter —многозубаяфреза

feeding the work —подачаобрабатываемойдетали

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face (milling) cutter — фреза для обработки плоскостей

peripheral (milling) cutter — фреза для торцевой обработки

primary cutting motion — главное движение

feed motion — движение подачи (вспомогательное движение)

per minute — в минуту

cutting speed — скорость резания

TEXT

Milling is the process of removing metal by feeding the work past a rotating multipoint cutter.

The position of the teeth relative to the cutting surface classifies allmilling cutters into the following two broad types:peripheral andface milling cutters. All cutters can be conventionally regarded as belonging to the above two main types.

The rotation of the cutter is called the primary cutting motion while the forward movement of the work is known as thefeed motion. Both of those motions are available on a milling machine.

The primary cutting motion, i.e., rotation of the cutter, is characterized by the number ofspindle revolutions per minute (rpm) and determines thecutting speed.

Exercise 1.1. Find the Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

the process of removing metal; a rotating multipoint cutter; relative to the cutting surface; can be conventionally regarded; the rotation of a cutter; the movement of the work; the number of spindle revolutions per minute.

движение детали; процесс удаления (снятия) металла; могут условно относиться; вращение фрезы; число оборотов шпинделя в минуту; относительно режущей поверхности; вращающаяся многозубая фреза.

Exercise 1.2. Answer the questions:

1. What is milling?

2. What two broad types of cutters do you know?

3. What classifies milling cutters into two types?

4. What is the primary cutting motion?

5. What is the feed motion?

6. What is the rotation of the cutter characterized by?

Exercise 1.3. Find the wrong statements and correct them:

1. Milling is the process of cutting metal by feeding the cutter.

2. All milling cutters are classified into two types according to the position of the spindle relative to the cutting surfaces.

3. The rotation of a cutter is called the feed motion.

4. Rotation of a cutter determines the cutting speed.

5. The forward movement of the work is called the feed motion.

Exercise 1.4. Complete the sentences:

1. The rotation of a cutter is called ...

2. The primary cutting motion is characterized by the number of...

3. ... relative to the cutting surface classifies milling machines into two types.

4. ... determines the cutting speed.

Exercise 1.5. Translate into English:

1. Существует много разновидностей фрез.

2. Фреза — основная часть фрезерного станка.

3. Фрезерование — процесс снятия металла при подаче обрабатываемой детали с помощью многозубой фрезы.

4. Вращение фрезы называется главным движением.

5. Количество оборотов шпинделя в минуту определяет ско­рость резания.

6. Движение детали называется движением подачи.

15. Text В MILLING MACHINES

Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:

milling ['milir)] — фрезерование, измельчение to remove [ri' mu: v] — удалять

essential [i'senjol] — существенный, неотъемлемый

feature [' f i : tjb] — особенность, характерная черта

spindle [spindl] — шпиндель

multiple ['mAltipl] — многочисленный

slot [slot] — прорезь, паз, щель

groove [gru:v] — выемка, желобок, паз

casting [' ka: stiij] — отливка, литье

to mount [ 'maunt] — крепить, держать

gear [gio] — шестерня

knee [' ni: ] — колено, подкос

jack [d3ek] — домкрат

screw [skru: ] — винт

saddle [' sasdl] — суппорт, опора, скоба

slide [slaid] — скольжение

guide [' да id] — приспособление, передаточный рычаг

angle [' seijgl] — угол

edge [' ed3] — край, лезвие

surface [' so: f is] — поверхность

axis [' seksis] — ось

Word combinations for connected reading:

milling machines — фрезерные станки rotating cutters — вращающиеся фрезы

power-driven table — столик с механическим приводом multiple-toothed cutters — многозубчатые фрезы gear drive — шестеренчатый привод feed gear-box — зубчатая коробка передач V-guide — V-образная направляющая jack screw — домкратный винт on the top of the knee — на верху кронштейна at right angles — под прямыми углами relative to — относительно is permanently fixed — постоянно закреплен is mounted on an arbor — смонтированный на шпинделе spacing washers and locking nuts — распорные шайбы и зажимные гайки

slide and face cutter — боковая и лобовая фреза cutting edges on both sides and on periphery — режущие кромки по бокам и на периферии