Glossary

Grammatical structure

Synthetic and analytical languages

Analytical forms (Tense and Aspect verb-forms; the Passive Voice; the analytical form of the Subjunctive Mood)

Endings: tables, smoked, my brother’s book

Inner flexions: man-men, speak-spoke

Substitutes: one, that, do

Parts of speech – the notional parts of speech: the noun, the adjective, the pronoun, the numeral, the verb, the adverb, the words of the category of state, the modal words, the interjection

The preposition, the conjunction, the particle, the article

Morphological characteristics: number, case, gender

Syntactical characteristics: the subject, object, attribute, predicative, prepositional indirect object, adverbial modifier

Morphological composition of nouns: simple, derivative and com­pound nouns

Productive noun-forming suffixes: reader, teacher, worker; dramatist, telegraphist; actress, hostess, heiress; madness, blackness, imperia­lism, nationalism

Unproductive suffixes: childhood, manhood freedom, friendship, development, importance, dependence, cruelty, generosity

Classification of nouns: proper nouns, common nouns, class nouns, nouns of material, collective nouns, abstract nouns

The definite, indefinite, zero article

Substantivized adjectives

Personal, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal, demonstrative, inter­roga­tive, relative, conjunctive, defining, indefinite, negative pronouns

The Verb

Grammatical categories: person, number, tense, aspect, voice and mood

Transitive and intransitive. The finite forms. The non-finite forms

Morphological structure: simple (read, live), derived (i.e. having affixes: magnify, captivate, undo), compound (i.e. consisting of two stems: daydream), composite (consisting of a verb and a postposition of adverbial origin: sit down, go away, give up)

The basic forms of the verb: the Infinitive, Past Indefinite,

Participle II.

Regular verbs, irregular verbs, mixed verbs

Syntactic function of verbs: notional, auxiliary, link verbs

Tenses: the Present Indefinite, the Past Indefinite, the Future Indefinite, the Present Continuous, the Past Continuous, the Future Continuous, the Future Continuous in the Past, the Present Perfect, the Past Perfect, the Future Perfect, the Future Perfect in the Past, the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous, the Future Perfect Continuous

The Passive Voice

Modal Verbs, modal expressions

Mood: the Indicative mood, the Imperative mood, the Subjunctive mood (Subjunctive I, Subjunctive II), the Suppositional mood

The Non-Finite Forms of the Verb (The Verbals): the Infinitive, the Participle I, II, the Gerund

The Predicative Constructions: Complex Object, Complex Subject – the Subjective, Objective Infinitive, Participial Constructions; the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction, the Prepositional Absolute Construction, Half Gerund

The Predicate: the simple predicate, the compound predicate (the compound nominal predicate, the compound verbal predicate (modal, aspect); the predicative (the objective predicative – They painted the door green)

The Compound Sentence

The Complex Sentence – a principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses: subject clauses, predicative clauses, object clauses, attributive clauses, adverbial clauses (of time, of cause, of purpose, of condition, of concession, of result, of manner, of com­parison), parenthetical clauses

The sequence of tenses

Indirect speech. Indirect questions

Punctuation: a comma, a full stop, period, a dash, brackets, colon, semicolon, inverted comas, exclamatory mark, question mark, quotation marks, dots

Homogeneous members