Вариант 2 Выполните следующие задания к тексту.

Задание 1. Просмотрите отрывок из текста MIKHAIL LOMONOSOV - а "whole university" in himself

In 1735 Lomonosov with a few of the other best students had the good fortune to be sent to St. Petersburg, the capital, to study at the University of the Academy of Sciences, founded by Peter the Great. This, at last, gave the young man the chance to study science, which was what he had dreamed of all along. In a period of ten years Lomonosov worked his way up from a student to a professor and member of the Academy. His fame as the most talented Russian man of science began to spread.

A scientist of encyclopaedic knowledge, he was the founder of modern research in Russia in very many fields; as a poet, he laid the foundations of the contemporary Russian literary language.

Even Leonardo da Vinci and Benjamin Franklin had not had so broad a range of interests. Lomonosov lived a short life: he was born in 1711 and died in 1765. But even a brief review of what he accomplished in science is impressive.

In chemistry he formulated the Law of the Conservation of Matter long before Lavoisier. He also refuted the theory of phlogiston, a weightless fire substance. In this he was ahead of Lavoisier, Scheele and Priestley. Lomonosov may also rightly be regarded as having laid the cornerstone of physical chemistry, one of the most important branches of chemistry today. His work on the theory of solutions was a particularly important contribution to this branch of chemistry.

In physics too Lomonosov accomplished a great deal. He was the first scientist to explain thermal phenomena in terms of the atomic and molecular theory. At the same time as Franklin, he demonstrated the electric nature of lightning and invented the lightning rod. He provided experimental confirmation of the gas laws of Boyle and Mariotte. In his mathematical interpretations of the laws governing electrical phenomena he was a brilliant forerunner of Coulomb, Ampere and Faraday.

He also made outstanding discoveries in astronomy. Thirty years before the English astronomer Sir William Hersheу he detected the atmosphere of Venus and described the substance of comet tails. His analysis of this was far more correct and convincing than the study made by Sir Isaac Newton.

Задание 2. Выпишите из текста незнакомые слова, укажите их словарную форму, транскрипцию, словарный и контекстуальный переводы.

(Например, trained – to train – учить, тренировать, подготавливать – подготавливали)

Задание 3. Выпишите из текста пять слов, в которых буква « i » читается как {э:}.

Задание 4. Выпишите из текста пять слов, в которых ударение падает на второй слог.

Задание 5. Выпишите из текста два сложных слова и десять интернациональных слов и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание 6. Подберите из текста слова-синонимы к словам significant, to show, proof.

Задание 7. Определите подлежащее, сказуемое, дополнение в предложении:

Lomonosov provided experimental confirmation of the gas laws of Boyle and Mariotte.

Задание 8. Составьте к предложению четыре вопроса разного типа (общий, специальный, разделительный, альтернативный).

Lomonosov worked his way up from a student to a professor and a member of the Academy.

Переведите эти вопросы на русский язык.

Задание 9. Перепишите текст и переведите его на русский язык. Отредактируйте перевод в соответствии с принятыми нормами русского языка.

Задание 10. Закончите предложение, используя текст.

Lomonosov laid the cornerstone of physical chemistry and his work on the theory of solutions …

Задание 11. Составьте одно предложение, используя группы слов из текста.

In very many fields, Lomonosov, was, of modern research, encyclopaedic knowledge, the founder, a scientist of.

Переведите это предложение на русский язык.

Задание 12. Исправьте предложение на основе текста.

Lomonosov accomplished a great deal in physics but demonstrated the electric nature of lightning after Franklin..

Задание 13. Переведите предложение на английский язык, используя текст.

Ломоносов получил возможность заниматься наукой, которая была для него тем, о чем он всегда мечтал.

Задание 14. Ответьте на вопросы на английском языке письменно.

What was the most important contribution of Lomonosov in physical chemistry?

What were Lomonosov’s discoveries in astronomy?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №1