Тема 17. Модальный глагол ought to и слова с модальным значением should, would, need

Examples:

1. We ought to do it. – Вам следует это сделать (моральный долг, обязанность)

2. You should lower the voltage in the circuit. – Вам следует уменьшить напряжение в цепи.

3. They tried to set the machine in motion but it would not. – Они пытались запустить механизм в действие, но он не запускался.

4. You need not do it! – Не надо этого делать! (необходимость действия).

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A.

1. The students should be very careful while working in the laboratory.

2. The engineer should change the position of the element in his project.

3. The lab assistant ought to help the students to carry out the tests.

4. We tried to stop the machine but it would not.

5. You should find the wrong element in the scheme.

6. The students ought to attend the lectures.

7. The operator did his best to put the rotor in operation but it would not.

8. The students ought to follow the instructions of their scientific supervisor.

9. The mechanic should have technical education

10. You should consult the specialist to solve this technical problem.

B.

1. An operator of a computing machine should have an engineering background.

2. You should measure voltage with better accuracy.

3. You ought to keep the temperature constant during the experiment.

4. The lab assistant should be very careful while working with these substances.

5. Specialists should study the research program results.

6. The engineer should not change the initial rotor position.

7. We should increase the voltage supply to the coil in order to gain the magnetic field.

8. Specialists ought to control ballistic missiles in flight as it is possible to predict the paths of satellites.

9. The mechanic ought to know how to handle this device.

10. The students should solve this problem applying that theorem.

11. We tried to stop the device but it would not.

12. You ought to follow instructions.

13. The mechanic tried to switch on the light in the workshop but it would not.

14. The students did their best to settle down the problem but it would not.

Тема 18. Модальные глаголы с местоимениями one (one must, one should, one ought to, one has to, one has got to, one can, one may, one could, one might)

Examples:

1. One must take into account all these factors. – Нужно учесть все эти факторы.

2. One should be careful while working with chemical substances. – Следует быть осторожным, работая с химическими веществами.

3. One can imagine a time when laboratories will be run by computers without human being at all. – Можно представить себе время, когда библиотеки будут обслуживаться компьютерами без привлечения людей.

4. One must know that two common types of capacitors are in use nowadays: a fixed capacity and a variable one. – Нужно знать, что в настоящее время используются конденсаторы двух типов: с постоянной емкостью и переменной.

5. One might take into account that unless two electrodes are connected by a wire, electrons will not flow through that wire from one electrode to the other. – Можно было бы принять во внимание, что если два электрода не соединены проводом. Электроны не пойдут по проводу от одного электрода к другому.

6. One ought to provide all necessary conditions to make the test successful. – Следует обеспечить все необходимые условия, чтобы испытания были успешными.

7. One has got to protect the environment for the generation next. – Нужно защитить окружающую среду для будущего поколения.

8. One should distinguish between an electromotive force and a potential difference. – Следует различать электродвижущую силу и напряжение.

9. One must remember that a body is in equilibrium if there are no forces acting on a body. – Нужно помнить, что тело находится в состоянии равновесия, если на него не воздействуют никакие силы.

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

A.

1. One ought to help one another.

2. One has got to know the main physical laws.

3. One could discuss the programme of space investigation at the conference.

4. One might use laser beams for various purposes.

5. One may test the equipment.

6. One can rely on the calculations.

7. One should know at least one foreign language.

8. One might obtain the same results.

9. One can do any work.

10. One must test the equipment.

B.

1. One could rely on the calculations and the engineers’ measurements.

2. One could discuss the space investigation programme and the problem of the international cooperation in the field of space and science.

3. One might install the motors to make the new installation more powerful.

4. One could detect and measure small electrical current using a galvanometer.

5. One can do any work provided you are given instructions.

6. One may now proceed to calculations.

7. One can be aware that such things can happen.

8. One must know that the wire and the electric cell form an electric circuit.

9. One should remember that there are three characteristics of force: magnitude, direction and place of application.

10. One should know what the difference is between a digital signal and an analog one.

11. One can’t investigate the data in the shortest possible time.

12. One has to remember that gamma rays produce a harmful effect on a living organism.

13. One can find these figures in any hand-book on the problem.

14. One might expect a spectrum of electrical vibration in plasma.

15. One must consider the dependability of the new unit.

16. One should know that this sort of fuel has to be handled very carefully.

17. One may follow the same technique.

18. One could note that the results are quite unexpected.

19. One must take into account that only the recent data should be taken into account.

20. One should know that the armature windings can cut the magnetic lines of force in order to provide electric current.

21. One should use that new device.

22. One should not have been so careless.

23. One can’t investigate the data in the shortest time.

24. One could achieve better results.

25. One can’t use the existing cables and relays to introduce a new technology.