- •Учебное пособие по английскому языку для курсантов военных специальностей радиотехнических направлений
- •Введение
- •Unit 1. Grammar Revision Личные местоимения
- •Притяжательные местоимения
- •Глагол to be
- •My University and Future Profession
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 2. Grammar Revision
- •Present
- •Unit 3.
- •The British Army
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 4. Grammar Revision Глагол to do
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 5. Grammar Revision Формы английского глагола
- •Существуют 4 формы глагола.
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 6. Grammar Revision Времена группы Indefinite ( Simple ) действительного залога(Active Voice)
- •History of Radar
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 7. Grammar Revision Времена группы Continuous (Progressive) действительного залога (Active Voice)
- •Radar as a Weapon
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 8. Grammar Revision Времена группы Perfect действительного залога(Active Voice)
- •Radar Components
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 9.
- •Grammar Revision
- •Времена группы Perfect Continuous (Active Voice)
- •(Совершенное длительное время в действительном залоге)
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 10. Grammar Revision Времена группы Indefinite страдательного залога(Passive Voice)
- •Indefinite Passive
- •Communication Satellite
- •Words to be leant
- •Unit 11. Grammar Revision Времена группы Continuous и Perfect в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)
- •Military Satellites
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 12. Grammar Revision Модальные глаголы
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 13. Grammar Revision Эквиваленты модальных глаголов
- •Ought to
- •Antenna
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 14. Grammar Revision Имя числительное
- •Radar Antenna
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 15. Grammar Revision Повелительное наклонение
- •Radar Receiver (part I)
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 16. Grammar Revision Инфинитив
- •Radar receiver (part II)
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 17. Grammar Revision Герундий
- •Radar Receiver (part III)
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 18. Grammar Revision Причастие
- •Способы перевода причастий на русский язык Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Optical technology
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 19. Grammar Revision Словообразовательные суффиксы существительных
- •Internet
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 20. Grammar Revision Словообразовательные суффиксы глаголов
- •Cellular Communication History
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 21. Grammar Revision Словообразовательные суффиксы прилагательных и наречий
- •Cellular Communication
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 22. Grammar Revision Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •Прилагательные и наречия, образующие степени сравнения не по правилу
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 23. Grammar Revision Сравнительные конструкции
- •Galileo – European Satellite Navigation System
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 24. Grammar Revision Конструкции в страдательном залоге
- •Glonass
- •Words to be learnt
- •Unit 25.
- •Grammar Revision
- •Условные предложения
- •Способы выражения сказуемого в условных предложениях
- •Союзы, вводящие условные предложения
- •In case – в случае
- •Nanotechnology
- •Words to be learnt
- •Список неправильных глаголов (Irregular Verbs)
- •Indefinite Past Indefinite Participle II Перевод
- •Оглавление (Contents)
Optical technology
Найдите в словаре и запишите транскрипцию следующих слов. Правильно прочитайте данные слова несколько раз вслух и постарайтесь запомнить их произношение
Fiber, improve, reliability, noteworthy, ultra-thin, technique, transparency, waveguide, storage, indestructible, versatile
Words to be learnt
optical fiber – оптоволокно
to replace – замещать, заменять
to promise – обещать
capacity – емкость, объём
reliability – надежность
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set in motion – приводить в действие
a train of events – череда событий
long-lived source – долговременный источник
low loss – низкие потери
technique – метод
incredible – безграничный
transparency – прозрачность
coherent form – последовательная форма
waveguide – волновод
to accommodate – согласовывать, размещать
storage – накопление, сохранение, запоминание
underway – на пути прогресса, в развитии, в движении
indestructible – неразрушимый
thin film – тонкая плёнка
versatile – разносторонний
noteworthy – заслуживающий внимания, ценный
Text
One of the most interesting developments in telecommunication is the rapid progress of optical communication where optical fibers are replacing conventional telephone wires and cables. Just as digital technologies greatly improved the telephone system, optical communication promises a considerable increase in capacity, quality, performance and reliability of the global telecommunication network. New technologies such as optical fibers will increase the speed of telecommunication and provide new, specialized information service. Voice, computer data, even video images, will be increasingly integrated into a single
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digital communication network capable to process and transmit virtually any kind of information.
The advent of the laser in the early 1960 set in motion a train of events that is steadily changing the outlook for optical communication. The past few years have been made three important advances. One was the invention of the semiconductor-diode laser, which satisfied the need for a cheap, efficient and long-lived source of coherent light waves to serve as the carrier waves for encoded signals. Another noteworthy advance was the development of ultra-thin, low-loss optical fibers, which are well suited for the long-range transmission of light waves, and, finally, an entire new generation of compact optical devices based on the precise guiding of laser light is being devised. Two technologies were combined: the laser, first demonstrated in 1960, and the fabrication 10 years later of ultra-thin silicon fibers which can serve as light wave conductors. With the further development of very efficient lasers plus continually improved techniques to produce thin silica fibers of incredible transparency, optical systems can transmit pulses of light as far as 135 kilometers without the need for amplification or regeneration.
At present high-capacity optical transmission systems are being installed between many major cities at a rapid rate. This system has a number of basic constituents. First, there must be an oscillator of some kind to generate the “carrier waves “in a highly coherent form (that is, with the all in step at the same frequency). Next, the waves must be modulated to carry information by varying either their frequency or their amplitude. The modulated microwave beam is then transmitted either by channeling it through a metallic waveguide or by propagating it through the atmosphere. The system most widely used now operates at 147 megabits (thousand bits) per second and accommodates 6 000 circuits over a single pair of glass fibers (one for each direction of transmission). This system will soon be improved to operate at 1.7 gigabits (thousand million bits) per second and handle 24 000 telephone channels simultaneously.
A revolution in information storage is underway with optical disk technology. The first optical disks appeared in the early 1970-s. They were and are used to record video films, but in a continuous spiral rather than digitally. The first digital optical disks were produced in 1982 as compact disks for music. They were further developed as a storage medium for computers. The disks are made of plastics coated with aluminium. The information is recorded by using a powerful laser to imprint bubbles on the surface of the disk. A less powerful laser reads back
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the pictures, sound or information. An optical disk is almost indestructible and can store about 1 000 times more information than a plastic disk of the same sizе.
The latest optical disk development is a system which enables computer users to record their own information on a glass or plastic disk coated with a thin film of tellurium. Such a disk can store 200 megabytes (200 million characters).Besides, it is reported that an optical equivalent of a transistor has been produced and intensive research on optical electronic computers is under way at a number of US companies as well as in countries around the world. It is found that optical technology is cost-effective and versatile. It finds new application every day – from connecting communication equipment or computers within the same building or room to long distance transcontinental, transoceanic and space communications.
Задание I. Выберите правильное утверждение в соответствии с содержанием текста. Объясните его смысл своими собственными словами.
a) Optical communication provides a new generation of communication satellites
b) Optical communication promises a considerable increase in networks
c) Optical communication promises a considerable increase in capacity, quality, performance and reliability of the global telecommunication networks
a) One advance was the invention of the coherent light waves
b) One advance was the development of a new type of diodes
c) One advance was the invention of the semiconductor-diode laser
a) Optical systems can transmit ultra-high frequencies
b) Optical systems can transmit pulses of light without the need for amplification or regeneration
c) Optical systems can’t transmit pulses of light without the need for regeneration
a) There must be an semiconductor of some kind to generate the “carrier waves” in a highly coherent form
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b) There must be modulated waves to carry information by varying either their frequency or their amplitude
c) There must be oscillator to transmit microwave beam
a) The modulated microwave beam is transmitted by the optical disks
b) The modulated microwave beam is transmitted by propagating it through the atmosphere
c) The modulated microwave beam is transmitted either by channeling it through metallic waveguide or by propagating it through the atmosphere
a) The first optical disks appeared in the early 1970-s
b) The first optical waveguide appeared in the early 1970-s
c) The first optical system appeared in the early 1970-s
a) The lasers were developed as a storage medium for computers
b) The first digital optical disks were developed as a storage medium for waveguide
c) The first digital optical disks were developed as a storage medium for computers
a) The optical technology is inefficient
b) The optical technology is one-sided
c) The optical technology is cost-effective and versatile
Задание II. Дайте название каждому абзацу текста. К абзацу составьте различные типы вопросов. Задайте вопросы в группе.
Задание III. Тщательно выполнив все задания, будьте готовы побеседовать по теме « Optical technology ».
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