III. That

Слово that может выступать в качестве:

1. указательного местоимения. В этом случае оно всегда стоит перед существительным и на русский язык переводится соответст­вующими указательными местоимениями: тот, та, этот и т. д.

A joint fiscal decision-making mechanism for the EU will not be called a confederation but it will be a major step in that direction. Общий механизм принятия решений в области налогообложения

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для Европейского Союза не будет называться конфедерацией, но он будет серьезным шагом в этом направлении.

2. союза, вводящего придаточные предложения, дополнительныеи предикативные. На русский язык переводится соответствующимисоюзами: что, чтобы,

Voters in the EU are starting to notice that their national govern­ments have less and less to do. Избиратели в ЕС начинают заме­чать, что у их национальных правительств остается все меньше и меньше функций.

3. союзного слова, вводящего придаточное определительноепредложение. На русский язык переводится соответствующими со­юзными словами: который, которая и т. д.

Some voters, notably in Germany, are growing unhappy with a EU's budget that leaves them paying in much more than they get out. Некоторые избиратели, особенно в Германии, все больше и больше недовольны бюджетом ЕС, в который они должны отда­вать больше, чем получать (из него).

4. слова-заместителя, которое употребляется вместо существи­тельного или группы слов, упомянутых раньше (that для единствен­ного числа, those для множественного числа). На русский язык пе­реводится заменяемым существительным или соответствующимличным или относительным местоимением.

Increasingly, New York's style of policing is being contrasted un­favourably with that of other cities, particularly Boston. Стиль рабо­ты полиции в Нью-Йорке все больше сравнивается, и не в пользу Нью-Йорка, со стилем работы полиции в других городах, в част­ности в Бостоне.

Примечание. Сочетание с наречием now that означает теперь, ко­гда сочетание not that переводится не то, чтобы

Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.

1. It is clear that continental voters are no longer content to be run bythose who tolerate fraud, incompetence and nepotism.

2. There is now a recognition [in Singapore] that history is best not

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paved over: that it is part of a sense of patriotism and national identity — qualities the government certainly does want to inculcate.

3. Reforms are hard to do at national level, but one virtue of the eurois that it imposes obligations at a European level which countries can useas a pressure to force domestic changes.

4. The unprecedented destructive power of modern means of warfaredemands that the main actions should be directed towards preventing war.

5. One trouble with EU as a whole is that what served a club of six ornine well enough no longer looks adequate for a club of 15. Let alone oneof 20 or 25, especially one with so many responsibilities.

6. Tuition fees were introduced by the Blair government. The argu­ment is that money is needed to finance the expansion of the higher edu­cation system and that students should contribute to the cost of an educa­tion that will benefit them financially in later life.

7. Industry executives said an «Intel» endorsement could have a bigimpact on a market that has taken off slowly, because the company helpsdefine PC specifications and sells about 85 million chips a year.

8. The American Medical Association's decision to fire the editor ofits leading scientific journal exploded into a collision between medicineand US politics that reflects the 152-year-old organization's struggle tofind its role in the rapidly changing health-care system.

9. The big surprise isn't that the companies (in China) are doing badlybut that they are admitting it.

10. The European Commission has asked Japan to relax some restric­tions on banking activities that it feels are hindering the growth of foreignbanks' business in Japan, Commission sources said Monday.

11. The report estimated that there were more than 4,000 foreigncompanies, which do not trade in Britain, that enjoy virtual taxfree status.

12. As Prof. T. sees it, there are two related problems that the interna­tional financial community must soon address.

13. Last week, the Greek government announced a series of air trafficcontrol measures that are expected to facilitate Turkish flights over theAegean.

14. The proposed amendment is a fake. When the political will existsto balance the budget, it will be balanced. When that will does not exist,there are innumerable ways to make an unbalanced budget appear bal­anced.

15. Childhood is the only time and place that grows larger as it is leftbehind.

16. East Asia's current woes are in large part the price of its previoussuccess — and that success itself has been much misunderstood. This

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survey will debunk many old myths about it, including the belief that all these economies are highly flexible and well-governed, and that high in­vestment is always a sign of strength. But the biggest myth of all is that of a single Asian economic model.

17. The saddest thing about the budget fudge is that it brought to anend a fortnight in which Europe suddenly seemed to be making progress,ridding itself of a tired commission and agreeing smartly on a heavy­weight reformer, Italy's ex-premier to run the new one.

18. « The weakness of the European [film] industry was that it wasbased on a core fantasy, which is that there was a group of artists thatcould put together a rather expensive product and hope that somewhereout there it might find an audience.» (David Puttnam).

19. These political shenanigans have postponed for another few weeksvoting on a crucial one of those reforms: that of pensions.

20. Stressing that the salaries were not as high as those paid «in cer­tain sections of industry», Deputy Leader of the House said that thePower Minister had referred to the possibility of a review of salaries inother nationalized industries.

21. For the few that have ruled modern Japan the political strugglethat really counted was that carried on among themselves for wealth andpower.

22. The depressing economic news out of China has been building formonths, so that when China recently announced a 7.8 per cent annualGDP growth rate, even its Prime Minister admitted that the figure lackedcredibility because of bogus reporting at the local level.

23. Britain has been enviably stable. But that is because it has beengoverned pragmatically, by politicians prepared to adapt the system in re­sponse to popular pressure — for example in the series of reform acts,which widened the franchise and ushered in mass democracy.

24. Japan's central bank has the power to buy up the country's entirenational debt, if necessary, and pay for it with new currency and bank re­serves. That would be wildly inflationary of course. But it makes thepoint that low interest rates do not make a central bank helpless.

25. That devolution will allow different political cultures to flourishwas evident even at the formal oath-taking by members of the ScottishParliament.

26. Iran offered itself as a «safe bridge» between the Caspian and theGulf, but oil companies rejected that, preferring to create routes throughRussia and Georgia to the Black Sea.

27. Though he gets more credit for radical reform than he deserves,

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that is very much the sort of work that governments want to have done now at the European Commission.

28. The complaint that the French judiciary is under the thumb ofwhatever government may be in power is scarcely new. According to le­gal historians, it is a complaint that goes back for centuries — at least tothe time of Louis XIV, whose ministers centralized the legal system, sub­ordinating local and church law to that emanating from the royal court.

29. The European Union, now that it has launched its common cur­rency, is due next to forge a common foreign and security policy.

30. Now that Mr Gingrich has announced that he will leave the speak-ership and Congress, Ms Dunn has decided to gamble her own leadershippost.

31. He resigned as Secretary of State last May. It was not that he disa­greed with the President, although that might have been enough. It wasthat his judgement on a critical policy matter was rejected.