- •Texts: origin of life. Properties of chemical reactions pre-reading and reading tasks.
- •Origin of life
- •Notes to the text: Aristotle ["xrIs'tq(V)tl]
- •John Tyndall [dZPn tIndl]
- •Comprehension check
- •3. Point out the topic sentence in each paragraph. Language focus Form the derivatives of the words given in the chart below (where possible):
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional text
- •I. Read and translate the text. Be ready to fulfil the tasks that follow. Properties of chemical reactions
- •Post-reading tasks
- •Grammar exercises
- •Texts: the cell. Cells pre-reading and reading tasks.
- •1. Study the meaning and pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Make sure you know the following words and word combinations:
- •3. Comment on the headline of the text before reading it. What do you know about the cell? Read the text and point out what information is new for you. The cell
- •Notes to the text:
- •Comprehension check
- •Language focus
- •1. Say it in another way (give synonyms):
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional text
- •Post-reading tasks
- •Grammar exercises
- •Texts: how the body works. The skin. Seeing. Taste and smell. Hearing. Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •How the body works
- •Comprehension check
- •1. Agree or disagree with the following:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Language focus
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional texts
- •The skin
- •Taste and smell
- •Hearing
- •Imagine that you are making a speech on one of these topics:
- •Grammar exercises
- •Texts: the brain. Pre-reading and reading tasks.
- •1. Practise the pronunciation and study the meaning of the words:
- •The brain
- •Comprehension check
- •1. Express your agreement or disagreement with the following:
- •Language focus.
- •3. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional text
- •The brain
- •Post-reading tasks
- •Grammar exercises
- •Texts: the nerves. The nervous system. Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •The nerves
- •Comprehension check
- •Language focus
- •3). Translate the sentences into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional text
- •The nervous system
- •Post-reading tasks
- •Grammar exercises
- •Texts: the skeleton and muscles. Bones and muscles. Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •The skeleton and muscles
- •Comprehension check
- •Language focus
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional text
- •Bones and muscles
- •Post-reading tasks
- •Grammar exercises
- •Texts: the blood system. Blood. Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations:
- •3. Read the text carefully to fulfil the tasks that follow. The blood system
- •Comprehension check
- •Language focus
- •In each box below match the words which are: a) similar or b) opposite in meaning:
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional text
- •Post-reading tasks
- •Grammar exercises
- •Texts: the digestive system. Nutrition. Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •2. Make sure you know the meaning of these words and word combinations:
- •3. Read the text carefully to fulfil the tasks that follow. The digestive system
- •Comprehension check
- •Language focus
- •Follow-up activities
- •Additional text
- •Nutrition
- •Post-reading tasks
- •Imagine that you are making a speech on the topic “Nutrition”. Grammar exercises
- •Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •Viruses and subviruses
- •Viruses
- •Subviruses
- •Comrehension check
- •Viruses contain
- •Viruses do not
- •Viruses that attack only bacteria are known as … .
- •It is possible that viruses may be moving genetic material from
- •Viruses may prove, in some cases, to be the simplest of
- •3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text. Language focus
- •3. Define the following terms:
- •4. Match the first half of a sentence in column a with the appropriate second half in column b:
- •5. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •Unit 10
- •Text: monera pre-reading and reading tasks
- •1. Make sure you know the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text. Monera
- •Comprehension check
- •Follow-up activities
- •1. Prepare a dialogue with your partner discussing:
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 11
- •Text: protista. Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •1. Make sure you know the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text. Protista
- •Comprehension check
- •1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •1. All protists
- •2. Ask questions revealing the main points of the text.
- •3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text. Language focus
- •Follow-up activities
- •1. Prepare dialogues discussing: a) general information about the kingdom Protista; b) primitive protists; c) true algae; d) unicellular algae.
- •2. Prepare a report on the topic under discussion. Grammar exercises
- •Unit 12
- •Text: fungi pre-reading and reading tasks
- •1. Make sure you know the following words and word combinations:
- •Comprehension check
- •7. Many true fungi have mycelia that grow in a close, intimate manner with plant roots, where the plants benefit by receiving … and … while the fungus benefits by receiving nutritious … .
- •8. Lichens involve the close association of a … and a … .
- •9. When the hyphae of a fungus grow around, sometimes in between, and even within living plant root cells, the association is … .
- •2. Questions to think about.
- •3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text. Language focus
- •1. Match the words that are: a) similar and b) opposite in meaning:
- •1. Name and describe: a) the major groups of fungi; b) the ways of fungal nutrition.
- •2. Prepare a report on the topic under discussion. Grammar exercises
- •Unit 13
- •Text: plant kingdom: plantae. Pre-reading and reading tasks.
- •Plant kingdom: plantae
- •Comprehension check
- •Language focus
- •Follow-up activities
- •1. Explain the terms: Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta.
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 14
- •Texts: coniferophyta: conifers. Anthophyta / angiosperms: flowering plants. Pre-reading and reading tasks
- •2. Read and translate the text. Coniferophyta: conifers
- •Anthophyta / angiosperms: flowering plants
- •Comprehension check
- •2. Ask questions revealing the main points of the text.
- •3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text. Language focus
- •1. Match the words that are: a) similar and b) opposite in meaning:
- •Follow-up activities
Comprehension check
Decide which of the following interpretations is most likely to be true:
The skeleton is a firm structure to which muscles are attached.
The skeleton does not determine the shape and movements of the body.
The skeleton protects more delicate organs from injury.
33 separate bones of the spine are shaped to protect the brain.
Bones do not have any outer layer.
The bone marrow is responsible for making new blood cells.
The outer layer of the bones contains nerves and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, glands work automatically.
Give answers to the questions below:
What role does the human skeleton play?
What is the structure of the bones?
What causes the movement?
Which muscles work automatically?
How do muscles range in size and shape?
Do male and female skeletons differ?
Find in each paragraph the sentence which conveys the main idea.
Language focus
Form the derivatives of the words given in the chart below (where possible):
|
Noun |
Verb |
Adjective |
|
muscle |
|
|
|
|
to protect |
|
|
|
|
spinal |
|
function |
|
|
|
|
to cause |
|
|
|
|
short |
|
|
to digest |
|
|
|
to differ |
|
|
variation |
|
|
|
|
|
safe |
|
|
|
responsible |
Find in the text: a) synonyms and b) antonyms to the following words and word combinations:
|
a) |
b) |
|
to consist of |
firm |
|
to hold |
to change |
|
to possess |
combined bones |
|
form |
male |
|
hard |
similar |
|
various |
inner layer |
|
to differ, to distinguish |
compact bones |
|
to permit, to let |
weak |
|
matter |
light |
|
big |
longer |
|
small, minute |
to be unable |
|
to be regulated by |
to exclude |
|
to function |
to aid |
|
to make |
big |
|
soft |
|
Complete the sentences below choosing appropriate words from the text:
… is protected by the … and the … are protected by the … .
… contains nerves and blood vessels.
… is responsible for making new blood cells.
Messages from the brain can … .
The bones of our skeleton vary … .
Compact bone is hollow and … .
Many of our movements involve a number … .
… to keep the bony substance hard.
… is the toughest part – compact bone.
When muscle fibers … they become more powerful.
Translate the sentences into English using the vocabulary of the Unit:
а) Кости составляют скелетную систему, которая обеспечивает структурную поддержку организма, предоставляют места для прикрепления мышц и защиту органов.
б) Плотные кости пронизаны кровяными сосудами и нервами. Их ткани толще и могут выдержать значительный вес и давление.
в) Губчатые кости содержат пространства, заполненные костным мозгом, который вовлечен в создание кровяных клеток.
г) Клетки костей забирают кальций и фосфор с тем, чтобы костное вещество оставалось прочным.