Алексеенко Геохимические барьеры
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5.3. EuozeoxUMulfecKue 6apbepbI |
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60JIee |
320 Kr/KM2 TIDKeJIbIX MeTaJIJIOB (TM), B qaCTHOCTH: |
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Mn - |
222; Ti - 44; Ba |
36; Sr - |
9; |
Zn - 4; Cu - 3; |
Ni - |
2; Pb - 0,7; V - |
0,6; Cr |
0,5. |
B JIHCTbHX .l(y6a B |
TaKOro )l(e B03paCTa .l(y6paBax e)l(erO.l(HO HaKaIIJIHBaeTCH
130 Kr/KM2 TM: |
Mn |
- |
84; Ti - |
25; Ba |
12; Sr - |
5; |
Cu - 2; Ni 1; |
Zn |
- |
1; V - |
0,3; Pb -- |
0,2; Cr |
0,1. |
B JIHCTbHX rpa6a B MOJIO.l(OM ropHOM rpa60BoM JIecy (rrpH MepHO 50-JIeTHero B03pacTa) TaIOKe e)Kero,ll:HO HaKarrJIH
BaeTCH OKOJIO 290 Kr/KM2 TM, B TOMtIHCJIe: Mn |
173; |
4 feOXHMHl£eCKHe 6aphCphl
82 |
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FJla6a 5. |
ilpupoiJHI>le 6apoepI>I |
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Ti - |
69; |
Ba - |
26; Sr - |
14; Cll - |
2,6; Ni - 1,8; Zn - |
1; |
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Pb - |
0,9; V - |
0,8; Cr - |
0,2. |
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ITpoMexyroqHOe nOJIOXeHHe no KOJIHqeCTBY TM, Ha |
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KanJIHBaIOI.U:HXCH B JIHCTbHX H XBoe, JaHHMaIOT CMeIlIaHHble |
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6YKOBO-nHxToBble JIeca: 46 Kf/KM2 TM (Mn - |
33; Ti |
6; |
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Ba - |
3,5; |
Sr - |
1,5; Zn - |
0,7; Ni - |
0,6; Cll - |
0,4; V |
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0,08; Pb - |
0,06; Cr - |
0,04). |
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B XBoe COCHhi HaKanJIHBaeTCH OKOJIO 13 Kr/KM2 TM: |
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Ti - |
8; Mn - |
1,6; Ba - |
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1,1; Zn - |
0,5; Cll - |
0,3; Pb |
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0,3; V - |
0,2; Cr |
0,1; Ni - 0,04. B XBoe nHXTbI onpeAe |
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JIeHO B CYMMe 60JIee 11 Kf/KM2 TM: Mn - |
8; Ti - |
1,5; Ba |
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- 0,9; Sf - |
0,4; Zn - |
0,2; Ni - |
0,1; Cu -0,1; V - 0,02; |
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Pb - |
0,01; Cr - |
0,009. |
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B JIHCTb5IX exeroAHo HaKanJIHBaeTCH ncero 2-3% 06 |
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I.U:ero KOJIHqeCTBa TM, CKOHueHTPHpOBaHHhIX ApeBeCHbIMH |
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nOpOAaMH, |
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- |
7%, |
KOTopble C ona,[{OM |
BHOBb B03 |
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TaKHM 06pa30M, H3MeHeHHe nOJIOXeHHH H POJIH <PHTO 6apbepoB BJIeqeT 3a C060H H3MeHeHHe fil1Ka, a CJIeAOBa TeJIbHO, H H3MeHeHHe 3KOJIoro-reoXHMHqeCKOH 06CTaHoBKH B AOBOJIbHO KpynHbIX pernoHax.
I1HorAa <pHT06apbepbI MOryT 6bITb CBH3aHbI C IlIHpO KHM pacnpOCTpaHeHHeM paCTeHHH-KOHueHTPaTOpOB H Ae KOHueHTPaTopoB onpeAeJIeHHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB. B paCTeHHHX KOHueHTPaTopax Bcer.na nOBhIIlIeHHO COAepxaHHe onpeAe JIeHHbIX XHMHqeCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB, .uaxe npH nOHHxeHHoH KOHueHTpaUHH 3THX 3JIeMeHTOB B cpeAe, OKpyJKaIOI.U:eH (nHTaIOI.U:eH) 3TH paCTeHHH. ITo .uaHHhIM pMa HCCJIeAOBaTe JIeH [52] ropeu nTHqHH HaKanJIHBaeT B nOBbIIlIeHHblX co AepxaHH5IX Mn (300MKf/r), Zn (136 MKf/r), Cll (14 MKf/r); aCTparaJI - U (80 r/T); HpyrKa nOJIeBaH - Zn (AO 3,5% B 3OJIe); BaCHJIHCTHK - Li (.no 0,015% B 3OJIe).
K03<P<PHUHeHTbI 6HOJIOrnqeCKoro nOrJIOI.U:eHH51, npeA CTaBJIHIOI.U:He C060H OTHOIlIeHHe cOAepxaHHH 3JIeMeHTa B 30JIe paCTeHHH (MHHepaJIbHaH qaCTb ::noro paCTeHH51) K coAepxaHHIO B nOqBe B MeCTe npOH3PaCTaHH51, y paCTeHHH KOHueHTpaTopOB qpe3BblqaHHO BeJIHKH. TaK, y KpanHBbI ABYAOJIbHOH OH AOXOAHT ,1I.JIH Mo .uo 250, y cymeHHUbI TO nHHOH ,lI,JIH Cd - AO 50; Y YKpona ,lI,JIH Ag - .uo 60.
5.3. ElWzeoxUMu'l.eclCue 6apoep/:>l |
83 |
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PaCTeHHH-KOHUeHTPaTopbI qpe3BblqaHHO BaxHbI .uJIH C03AaHHH TeXHoreHHblX <pHT06apbepoB.
PaCTeHHH-.ueKoHUeHTPaTOpbI onpeAeJIeHHbJX 3JIeMeHTOB ncer.ua cOAepxaT 3TH XHMHqeCKHe 3JIeMelITbI B nOHH)I(eHHbIX KOJIHqeCTBax: He3aBHCHMO OT COAepxaHHH B OKpyJKaIOI.U:eH
cpeAe. AlI. KOBaJIeBCKHH OTHOCHJI paCTeHHH-AeKoHueHTPa TOPbI K 6apbepHhIM.
3006ap.bePbl M npeACTaBJI51IOT co6oH HaKOnJIeHHe XHMH qeCKHx 3JIeMeHTOB )I(J1BhIMH opraHH3MaMH. 0 POJIH 3TOro npHpOAHoro 6apbepa MOXHO cy.uHTb no 300Macce onpe.ue JIeHHbIX BHAOB, OTHeceHHOH K nJIOI.U:a,[{H JIaHAIl1a<pTa HX pacnpocrpaHeHHH. YCTaHOBJIeHO, qTO 90-95% Ha3eMHOH 300MaCCbI npHXOAHTCH Ha AOJIIO 6ecn03BOHoqHbIX opra HH3MOB. OTHoIlIeHHe 300MaCChi TPaBOMHbIX K 300Macce llJIOTOMHbIX BcerAa 6JIH3KO K 100, a HaH60JIbIlIaH npo.uYK THBHOCTb TpaBOMHhIX OTMeqaeTCH B JIaH.llrna<pTax TPaBH HHCTbIX <pOPMauHH TPonHqeCKOrO nOHca.
06I.U:aH 300Macca AHKHX TPaBOMHbIX MJIeKOnHTaIOlUHx 06blqHO Haxo.uHTCH B npeAeJIax OT 25 AO 0,005 T/KM2. MaK CHMaJIbHOe KOJIHqeCTBO 300MaCCbI OTMeqeHO B JIaH.llllla<p Tax HauHOHaJIbHOro napKa B KOHro, a MHHHMaJIbHOe - B nYCTbIHHX Caxaphi. B nYCThIHHX Ka3axcTaHa H ITpHKac
nHHCKHx CTenHX POCCHH C caHroH OHO COCTaBJISIeT OKOJIO 0,35 T/KM2.
300Macca nTHU B pa3JIHqHbIX npHpoAHbIX JIaH.lllUa$Tax
KOJIe6.rreTCH B OqeHb IlIHpoKHX npe.ueJIax: OT 0,4 AO 120 Kr/KM2 (Ta6JI. 10).
Ta6J1uqa 10
06l.wur 300Mscca IITHII. B Pa3.JIH'lHblX npHpo.a:HLIX JlSlVl,Ws4rrax (no )l.3HHbIM (llJ3HbIX aBTopoB)
JlaH,nwa$TbI |
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300Macca, Kr/KM2 |
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npH6pe)KHble BepeCKOBble ([(eHTpaTIbHlUI EBpona) |
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0,4 |
-0,6 |
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XBo:itHble JIeca (CesepHalI Enpona) |
20-24 |
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CaBaHHa (A$pHKa) |
20 |
-50 |
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CMcwaHHbIc JIeca (CesepHalI EBpona) |
55 |
-60 |
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JIHCTBeHHblc JIeca ([(emplUlbHalI EBpona) |
110-120 |
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300Macca 6ecn03BOHOqHbIX OpraHH3MoB TpaBHHHCToro ropH30HTa H no.uCTHJIKH caBaHHhI B nepHOA AO)K,l:(eH AOCTH raeT 25 T/KM2. OAHaKo 06bJtIHO B JIaH.llIlIa<pTax JIyroB
4'
84 |
TilaBa 5. llpupooHble 6apbepbl |
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H cTeneH OHa He npeBbIJllaeT 1 T/KM2. 300Macca nOMaJllHHX )KHBOTHbIX (a 3'1'0 TaIOKe nOnBJ1)KHbIH TeXHoreHHbIH 6Horeo XHMHqeCKHH 6apbep) Ha TeXHOreHHbIX nyroBbIX naHnJllaq, Tax 3ana.n:HoH EBponbI nOCmraeT 125 T/KM2. B npHponHbIX
CTenHblX naHnJlla<PTax OHa, KaK npaBHno, He npeBbIJllaeT
5 T/KM2. 300Macca nOMaJllHHX nTHll 06blqHO Kone6neTcH, B 3aBHCHMocm OT HX BMa H naHnJllaq,THblx ycnoBHH, OT 5 no 130 Kr/KM2.
EcnH paccMaTPHBaTb )KHBOTHble opraHH3MbI OKeaHa, TO HX 300Macca TaKXe KOJIe6neTC5I B OqeHb JllHPOKHX npene
nax B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHKpeTHbIX YCJIOBHH aKBaJIbHbIX
naHnJllaq,TOB H BpeMeHH rona.
OC06bIH HHTepeC npenCTaBJI5IIOT BbIJ1aBJlHBaeMble PbI6bI H 6ecn03BOHOQHble. I1x 06IUaH ronOBaH Macca COCTaBnHeT OKono 36 MnH T, H3 KOTOPblX OKOJIO 30 MJIH T npHxonHTCH Ha BbIJ10BneHHyIO pbI6y. npH 3'1'0M CYIUecTByeT nOBOJIbHO
QeTKa51 CB5I3b Me)KJlY 06IUeH 300MaccoH 6eHTOca H KOnHQe
CTBOM BbIJ10BJleHHOH PbI6bI (Ta6n. |
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OpUem1IPOBO'fHaR Macca 6eHTOCa U BbIJIODJlemlOiI pLl6L1 |
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Mope |
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lIT/ra |
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Kr/ra |
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Cpe,!lli3eMHoe |
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" |
100 |
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1,5 |
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1,2 |
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BeJIoe |
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200 |
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baJITHHCKoe |
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330 |
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6,0 |
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BapeHueBO |
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1000 |
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4,5 |
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5lnoHcKoe |
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1750 |
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28,8 |
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A30BCKoe |
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3210 |
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80,0 |
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3460 |
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24,5 |
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CeBCPHoe |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
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4 |
5 |
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6 |
7 |
8 |
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9 |
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57 |
0,4 -10-7 |
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3 |
0,023 - 10-4 |
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0,004 |
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0,67 |
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12 |
9 - 10-2 |
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(7-18) - 10-2 |
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(5-20) . 10-3 |
37,8 |
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19 - 103 |
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25 |
(0,2-2,3)x |
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(0,2-100)x |
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10-30) - 10-3 |
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42 |
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7 |
7,2 |
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1,8 - 106 |
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11 |
0,26-0,78 |
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100 -103 |
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41 |
0,14-10-4 |
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28 |
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43 - 106 |
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82 |
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49 |
|
61,3 |
P |
0,12 |
1,11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
0,35 |
|
22,8 |
S |
0,04 |
0,19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H |
1 |
|
9,9 |
K |
2,5 |
0,19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N |
0,04 |
|
2,5 |
Na |
2,5 |
0,14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ca |
3,2 |
|
1,4 |
CI |
0,017 |
0,13 |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
KaK BH,UHO 113 Ta6JII1UhI, Me){{,Uy cpe,n:HI1M co,n:ep)ICaHI1 eM 3JIeMeHTOB B qeJIOBeqeCKOM OpraHI13Me I1 KJIapKOBhIM co,n:ep)ICaHl1eM B 3eMHOH Kope I1MeeTCH 60JIhiliOe HeCOOT BeTCTBl1e. ECJII1 )ICe c,n:eJIaTh rrepeCqeT Ha MI1HepaJIhHYIO (30JIhHYIO) qaCTh B OpraHl13Me, HeCOOTBeTCTBl1e ,n:JIH pH,n:a 3JIeMeHTOB CTaHeT eIUe 60JIh1lI11M.
1I3MeHeHI1H, rrpol1Cxo,n:HIUl1e B 3006aphepax, CaMI1 rro ce6e He BhI3hIBaIOT cymecTBeHHhIX 113MeHeHI1H B 3KOJIOro reOXI1Ml1qeCKOH 06CTaHOBKe. O,n:HaKO OHI1 qaCTO BhI3hIBaIOT 113MeHeHI1H B COCTaBe paCTI1TeJIhHOCTI1, T.e. B cPl1To6aphe pax. 3TO )ICe, KaK 6hIJIO rrOKa3aHO BblllIe, MO)ICeT rrp"BeCTI K 3Haql1TeJIhHhIM 3KOJIOrO-reOXI1Ml1qeCKI1M 113MeHeHI1HM.
5.4. KOMIlJleKCHbIe 6apbepbI
KaK yxe YKa3hIBaJIOCh, KOMrrJIeKCHhIe reOXI1MI1QeCKl1e 6aphephI rronyql1JIl1 B IIpl1po,n:e Haw60JIhlllee pacrrpoCTpaHeHl1e. COOTBeTCTBeHHo C 3T11M KJIaCCOM reOXl1MI1QeCKI1X 6aphepoB CBH3aHO MaKCI1MaJIhHOe KOJII1QeCTBO rrpl1po,n:HhIX 3KOJIOrO reOXI1MI1QeCKI1X 113MeHeHI1H. qacTo pa3JII1QHhIe reOXI1MI1
90 |
Tiw8a 5. IIpupoaHble 6apoePbl |
'IeCKHe 6apbepbI, 06'be}UIHHeMble B KJIaCC KOMIIJIeKCHbIX, He rrOJIHOCTbIO rrepeKpbIBaIOT JlPyr Jlpyra. B TaKHX CJIyq<UIX ll,eJIeC006pa3HO rOBopHTb He 06 OTJleJIbHbIX 6apbepax, a 0 6apbepHbIX 30Hax.
PaccMoTpHM, B Ka'IeCTBe rrpHMepOB, HeKOTopble H3 rrpHpOJlHbIX KOMIIJIeKCHblX 6apbepOB, B 'IaCTHOCTH Te, Ha KOTOpbIX CcPOPMMpOBaJIHCb MeCTOpO::lIQleH1UI, T.e. rrpOH30IIIJIH HaH60JIblllHe H3MeHeHHH B 06cTaHoBKe, CYIll.eCTBOBaBrneM JlO HX rrOHBJIeHHH.
1. Bo BTOPOM rrOJIOBtlHe XX B. 6bIDO BbIHBJIeHO COBpe MeHHoe rMJIpOTepMaJIbHoe PYJl006pa30BaHHe BO Brra,uHHax KpacHoro MOpH C cPOpMHpoBaHHeM MeCTOpO::lIQleHHM, aHa JIOrH'IHbIX cTpaTHcPHll,HpOBaHHbIM rrOJIHMeTaJIJIH'IeCKHM, JlaIOIll,HM CBbIllle rrOJIOBHHbI Jl06bmaeMbIX Pb, Zn, Cu. Pa 60TbI, rrpOBeJleHHble B KpaCHOM Mope PHJIOM 3KCrreJlHll,HM, rrOKa3aJIH, 'ITO 06pa30BaHHe PYJl CBH3aHO C OTJIO)l(eHHeM YKaJaHHbIX MeTaJIJIOB Ha CJIeJlYIOIll,HX reOXHMH'IeCKHX 6apbe pax (pHC. 18):
•Ha caMOM JlHe Brra,uHH 06pa30BaHHe cepOBOJlOPOJlHO ro 6apbepa B H OTJIO)l(eHHe Ha HeM CYJlI:.cPMJIOB MeTaJIJIOB
CBH3aHO C Pa3rpY3KOM H CMelllHBaHHeM cepOBOJlOPOJlHbIX H MeTaJIJIOHOCHbIX paCCOJIOB, rrOCTYfIaIOIll,HX rro pa3HbIM Ka HaJIaM (TpeIll,HHaM) H3 fJIy6HHHbIX CJIOeB;
•Ha rpaHHll,e 6eCKHCJIOpOJlHbIX rrpHpOJlHbIX paCCOJIOB C paCrrOJIO)l(eHHbIMH BbIllle BOJlaMH co CB060JlHbIM KHCJIOpO JlOM JleMCTByeT KHCJIOPO}lHbIM 6apbep A. Ha HeM HaxOJlH Ill,eeCH B paCTBope 3aKHCHoe )l(eJIe30 OKHCJIHeTCH, 'ITO rrpH
BO}IHT K 06pa30BaHHIO KOJIJIOMJIOB aMOPcPHbIX rMJIpOKCH}IOB Fe3+, HBJIHIOI.ll,HXCH 'IaCTbIO PYJl;
•06pa30BaBlllHeCH rMJIPOKCH}IbI Fe3+, HBJIHHCb XOPOIIlH MH cop6eHTaMH, COp6HPYIOT H3 BOJl ll,eJIbIM PM MeTaJIJIOB H B rrepByIO O'Iepellb Me}Ib, T.e. JleMCTByeT COp611,HOHHbIM 6apbep G;
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pall,HH KOJIJIOH}IOB CBH3bIBaIOTCH C }IeMCTBHeM MeXaHH'IeC KOro 6apbepa I;
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5.4. KOMn.tleICCHble 6apoePbl |
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91 |
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nepenKsaHKe MeT8flnOHOCH~X |
IAH~A liapbep |
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Me(Fe2- ) |
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56'C |
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HOCHW pacconoB |
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K cepOBOAOPOAH~X BOA |
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o6pa30BaHHR |
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IIPHPO,!].HbIX 6apbepoB |
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(TepMO}IHHaMH'IeCKHM 6apbep Il) rrpOHcxOJlHT pacrra,u XJIO PMJIHbIX KOMIIJIeKCOB Zn [77], orrYCKaHHe H KOHll,empaUHH MeTaJIJIa;
• HeCOMHeHHoe BJIHHHHe Ha KOHll,empall,Hro MeTaJIJIOB OKa3bmaIOT cYJIbcPaTpeJIYUHpYIOIll,He 6aKTepHH, pOJIb KOTOpbIX MO)l(HO paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK 6HoreOXHMH'IeCKHH. 6apbep M.
TaKHM 06pa30M, cPOpMHpOBaHHe PY}I KpaCHoro MOPH npoHCXO}IHT nOJl BO:meMCTBHeM, KaK MHHHMYM, llleCTH COBMe lll,eHHblx reOXHMH'IeCKHX 6apbepOB. ),1;aHHbIM KOMnJIeKC HbIM 6apbep MO)l(HO 0603Ha'IaTb TaK: A, B, G, H, J, M
2. Ha pHC. 19 nOKa3aHbI 6HoreOXHMH'IeCKHe aHOMaJIMH Ha,u pa3pblBHbIMH HapyrneHHHMH. Hx o6pa30BaHHe TaK)l(e CBH3aHO C KOMnJIeKCHbIM 6apbepoM, KOTOPbIM COCTOHT H3 }IBYX npOCTbIX:
• rro pa3pbIBHbIM HapyrneHHHM Ba,u03HbIe BO}IbI, o6ora lll,eHHbIe B PYllHOM rrOJIHMeTaJIJIH'IeCKOM paMoHe Pb Ii Zn, rrO}IHHMaIOTCH Ha nOBepXHOCTb, r}Ie npOHCXO}IHT HX rrOCTe rreHHoe HcrrapeHHe, T.e. JleMCTByeT HcnapHTeJIbHbIH. 6apb ep F. CJIe}IyeT oco60 OTMeTHTb, 'ITO B }IaHHOM CJIyqae rrO}I'beM BO}I npOHCXOJIHT OT KopeHHbIX ropHbIX nopO}I 'Ie pe3 pblXJIbIe 06pa30BaHHH, MOIll,HOCTb KOTOPbIX 06bI'IHO KOJIe6JIeTCH OT 20 llO 100 M. 06pa3yeMble Ha 6apbepe JIHTO XHMH'IeCKHe aHOMaJIHH OTHOCHTeJIbHO CJIa60KoHTpaCTHbI;
92 |
Tizaea 5. IIpupooHOIe (Japbepbt |
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3 |
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5 - }lJ10PHTOBble nOp¢mpl1TbI, 6 |
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npOljmJIH OT6opa rrpo6bI H FIX HOMepa |
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Zn (no,Il HX B03,UeHCTBHeM, a qaCTHqHO H rro,U Herrocpe,U CTBeHHbIM B03,lleHCTBHeM IIO,UHHMaJOI.UHXCH BO,U) B paCTeHH- 5.lX 06a MeTaJIJIa KOHUeHTpHpOBaJIHCb B aHOMaJIbHbIX co,Uep )l{aHH5.lX, T.e. ,UeHCTBOBaJI 6HoreOXHMHQeCKHH 6apbep L.
Oco60 CJIe,UYeT OTMeTHTb, qTO 06pa3YlOlllHeCH Ha nonep XHOCTH 3eMJIH HCnapHTeJIbHble 6apbepbl ,Uaxe rrpH TaKoH 60JIbIllOH MOlllHOCTH PbIXJIbIX 06paJOBaHHH rrpe,UCTaBJI5.1IOT rrpaKTHQeCKH BePTHKaJIbHyID npoeKUHJO paJpbIBHbIX Hapy IIIeHHH. CJIe,UOBaTeJIbHO, MHrpaUH5.1 pacTBopoB, co,Uep)l{a lllHX MeTaJIJIbI, rrpOHCXO,UHJIa no BePTHKaJIH.
0603HaqaTb ,IlaHHbIH KOMIIJIeKCHbIH 6apbep CJIe,UyeT TaK:
F, L.
3. KaK }')ICe YKa3bIBaJIOCb (CM. pa:m. 5.1) B IJ,eHTpaJIbHOM Ka3axCTaHe Ha COBMellleHHbIX HcnapHTeJIbHOM F H KHCJIO PO,IlHOM A 6apbepax 3a CqeT nO,U'beMa no 'Jl}elllHHaM BO,U, 060rallleHHbIX )l{eJIe30M, rrpOHCXO,IlHT cPOpMHpoBaHHe reTHT rn.uPOreTHTOBbIX )l{HJI. npH nOBblIIIeHHH TeMnepaTYPbI (TeP
5.4. |
KOM1IJieKCHOIe (JapbepOi |
93 |
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MO.lUfHaMHqeCKHH 6aPbeP H) 3a CqeT yKa33HHbIX MHHepanoB
B xrn.rrax 06pa3YeTC5.1 HOBblH reMaTHT - KPOBaBHK, ,U06bIBaIO
lllHHC5.1 KaK IIOJIy,UparoueHHblH KaMeHb. TaK CcPOpMHpOBa JIOCb B AnKaMepreHCKOM paHOHe IJ,eHTpaJIbHOrO KaJaxcTa Ha MeCTOpO)KJ1.eHHe «):(5.l,U5.l BacH». <f>opMYJIa KOMIIJIeKCHOro 6apbepa, Ha KOTOPOM 06pa30BaJIocb MecmpoJIOleHHe: A, F, H
B IIOCJIe,UHee ,UeCHTHJIeTHe pe3KO IIOBblCHJIC5.1 HHTepec K JIaTepHTHblM KOPaM BblBeTpHBaHHH, KaK K IIJIOllla.uHM IIO TeHUHaJIbHOH KOHUeHTpauHH 30JIOTa. 3m CBH3aHO C OTKPbI THeM B TaKHX YCJIOBH5.lX KpyrrHbIX MeCTOpO)KJ1.eHHH MeTaJIJIa. K HHM OTHOCHTCH: B ABCTpaJIHH - EO)1,llHHITOH (115 TAu),
fH6cOH (14,3 T), EYJma6YJIJIHHr (5,9 T); B 3aIIa.uHoH AcPPH Ke 11TH (20,0 T); Ha Ma.uaracKape - TaHHaHrH,ll.HHa (4,0 T) H ,Up. KaK y)l{e yKa3blBaJIOCb, MecTOpoJIOlemm nOJIe3HbiX HC KonaeMblX cP0PMHPYIOTC5.1 Ha pa3JIHqHblX reOXHMHqeCKHX 6apbepax. YqHTbIBaH qpe3BblqaHHO 60JIbIllOe 3HaqeHHe KPyrrHbIX MecTOpo){{'ueHHH 30JIOTa, HM B 3TOH pa60Te, rro cBHllleHHoH KOHueHTpauHH 3JIeMeHTOB Ha 6apbepax, y,Uene HO oc06oe BHHMaHHe.
BonpocbI rrporn03a H paUHOHaJIbHoro npoBe,UeHHH no HCKOB aHaJIOrnqHbIX MeCTOpOJIOleHHH TPe6ylOT H3yqeHHH oco6eHHoCTeH HX cP0pMHpOBaHHH. B pe3YJIbTaTe ,UOBOJIbHO MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIX HCCJIe,UoBaHHH BblHCHHJIOCb, qTO MeCTO pO)KJ1.eHHH paccMaTPHBaeMoro THna cPOPMHPyIDTCH Ha KOM IIJIeKCHbIX reOXHMHQeCKHX 6apbepax. K QHCJIY He06xo,UH MbIX cPaKToPOB cPOpMHpoBaHHH MeCTOpO)KJ1.eHHH, KpOMe HaJIHQHH 6apbepOB, OTHOCHTCH cYlllecTBoBaHHe rrO'uBH)l{HOro Au B MHrpauHOHHOM nOTOKe, KOTOPblH rrO,UXO,UHT K OT,UeJIb HblM 6apbepaM.
30JIOTO nepeXO,UHT B nO,UBH)l{Hble cPoPMbI IIPH BbIBeT pHBaHHH pMa ropHbIX rropo,U, no,U B03,UeHCTBHeM MHKpO opraHH3MoB B rrpHCYTCT8HH 02' CO2, S04' H2S, KOTOpble, no H.A. POCJIHKOBY [58J, MO)l{HO paCIIOJIO)l{HTb B rropMKe B03pacTaJOllleH YCTOHqHBOCTH K BblHOCY 3Toro MeTaJIJIa: MeTaMOPcPHQeCKHe ~ MarMaT}1qeCKHe KHCJIble ~ MarMa THqeCKHe cpe,UHHe ~ OCa,UOqHble ~ MarMaTHQeCKHe OC HOBHble ~ MarMaTHqeCKHe YJIbTPaOCHoBHbIe. npH 3TOM OCHOBHbIMH «IIocTaBlllHKaMH» 30JIOTa HBJIHIOTCH CYJIbcPH ,UbI, MarneTHT, MYCKOBHT H (B onpe,UeJIeHHOH Mepe) rropo ,U006pa3yIDlllHe MHHepaJIbI. ECJIH KOPbI BblBeTpHBaHHH 06 Pa3YlOTCH 3a CqeT rpaHHTOB, rneHCOB H rropo,U C nOBbIIlleH
94 |
rJlaoa |
5. lIpupooHble 6apbepbl |
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YCJIOBHHX 06pa3yeTCH pacTBopHMbI:tt KOMnJleKC AuC1 - [75]. 4
B Kopax, pa3BHTbIX rro OCHOBHhIM rropo,n:aM, B03HHKaIOT rro,n:BH)KHble THocYJIb<paTbI: Au(S20 3)2-3 H AuS-.
O,n:HaKo BMeCTe C Au rrpH <pOPMHPOBaHHH KOP BbIBeT
pHBaHHH CTaHOBHTCH rro,n:BH)KHbIM eIUe ueJIbI:tt PM MeTaJI JIOB. .I1x KOJIH~IeCTBO rrpeBblIIIaeT Maccy no,n:BHXHbIX CO
e,n:HHeHHM 30JlOTa, a HHTeHCHBHOCTb MHrpaUHH BO MHOroM 06YCJlaBJlHBaeTCH COCTaBOM BbIBeTpHBaIOIUHxcH rropo,n:.
B rropMKe YMeHbIIIeHMH MHTeHCMBHOCTH 3JIeMeHTbI, CTaB IIIHe rro,n:BHxHbIMH B 30He rHrrepreHe3a, MO)I(HO npe,n:CTa BMTb B BH,n:e CJIe,n:YIOIUMx PH,n:OB:
MeTaMOP<PMqeCKMe rropo,n:bI:
As - Au Zn Cu Pb Mo;
YJIbTPaocHOBHble rropO.ll:bI:
Mo - Pb - Zn Cu As - Au.
KaK BM,n:HO H3 rrpHoo,n:eHHbIX BblIIIe PMOB, 30JIOTO yxe rro H3MeHeHHIO HHTeHCMBHOCTM MHrpaUHH MoxeT HeCKOJIb KO o6oc06HTbCH B MHrpaUHOHHOM rrOTOKe OT OCTaJIbHbIX MeTaJIJIOB. 31'0 qpe3Bblqa:ttHo Ba)l(HO ,n:;m ero rrOCJIe,n:YIOIUe:tt,
OTHOCHTeJlbHO pa:meJIbHo:tt OT MHorHX 3JIeMeHTOB BbIBCTPM BaIOU~HXCH rropo,n: KOHueHTPaumi Ha reoXHMHqeCKHX 6apbC
pax. CJIe,n:yeT OTM.eI:HTh, qTO KpOMe YKa3aHHbIX THoCYJlb<pa TOB H coe,n:HHeHMM:· C XPOMOM 30JIOTO o6pa3yeT rrO.ll:BH)KHble aHHOHHble KOMrrJIeKCbI C 1-, Be, SCN-, CN- H ,n:p. Pa3PY IIIeHHe rrO.ll:BH)KHbIX KOMIIJleKCHbIX coe,n:HHeHHM: rrpHBo,n:HT K OCIDK,lJ,eHHIO 30JIOTa, a B orrpe,n:eJIeHHblX CJIyqaHx M K ero CY IUecTBeHHoH KOHueHrpaW:IH. 3TH rrpoueCCbI HaH60JIee HH TeHCHBHO rrpOHCXO,n:m Ha reoXHMHqeCKHX 6apbCpax.
4. KaK rrOKa3aJJO ,n:eTaJlbHOe H3yqeHHe MecTopox,n:eHHM: Au B JIaTepMTHbIX KOpax BbIBeTPHBaHHH, HaH60JIee pacrrpo
cTPaHeHHbIMH 6apbCpaMH ,n:;m OCIDK,lJ,eHMH 3TOro MeTaJIJIa HBJIHIOTCH COp6UMOHHbIM:, U~eJIOqHOM: H BOCCTaHOBHTeJIb
HbIH meeBbIH• .ll:JlH MHrpaUHoHHhIX rroToKoB, rrOC1)'rraIO IUHX H3 30H, pacrrOJIOXeHHhIX Ha ypoBHe rPYHTOBhIX BO,n: (M HMxe :)Toro ypOBHH), OCIDK,lJ,eHHe rrpOHcxo,n:MT M Ha KHC JIOPO,n:HOM 6apbepe . .I1CCJIe,n:oBaHMH rrOKa3aJIH, qTO OCHOBHM Macca MHrpHpYIOIUero 30JIOTa rrepeMeIUaeTcH Ha OTHOCM TeJIhHO He60JIhIIIHe paccToHHHH. TaK, Ha MeCTopox,n:eHHM
5.4. KOMn.!IeKCHble 6apbepbl |
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50 |
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Puc. 20. CXeMaTflqeCIrnH rCOJIOmqeCIrnH pa3pe3 30JIaropYJJ;HOro MCCTO pO:lK;lleHIDI BOMHHITOH, 3an. ABCTPaJIIDI (no MaTepHaJIaM B.A. ByrpoBa, IO.M. qeTBeprKOBa [24]): 1 - Irnpaca (nJIOTHaH nopoJJ;a OOJIHTOBOro CJI0 )l(eHHll); 2 - fJIHHbI; 3 - aH,L\e3HThl, ,lU1:0PHThl, JJ;OJIepHTbI; 4 - KOHTYPbI
.EOMHHITOH paCCTOHHMe OT MeCTa BbIIUeJlaqHBaHHH Au ,n:o reOXHMHqeCKHX 6apbepOB, Ha KOTOPbIX OHO ocax,n:aeTCH, 06hlqHO He rrpeBblIIIaeT 150 M [72]. qacTh M3 yKa3aHHbIX 6aphepoB rrepeKpbIBaeTCH O,n:HH ,n:pyrnM, qaCTh pacrrOJlaraeT CH, CMeHHH ,n:pyr ,n:pyra rro BePTMKaJIH, qro XOPOlliO BM)lHO rro MOPlPOJIOrHH PY,IUibIX TeJI B pa3pe3e (pHC. 20).
.EapbepbI, CMeHHIOIUMe ,n:pyr ,n:pyra rro BeprnKaJIM, 06blq HO pa:meJIIDOTCH rJIHHaMM. TaKHM 06pa30M, MO)I(HO Cq}fTaTh, qro Mecropox,n:emrn 3OJI0Ta B JIaTepHTHbIX KOpax BbIBCTPMBa HUH clPOPMHPOBaJIHCb rrpaKTHqeCKH B 30Hax BblIUeJIaq}fBaHHH MeTaJIJIa H3 roPHhIX rropo,n: C ero HeBbICOKHMH co,n:epXaHHH MH TOJIbKO 3a CqeT rrOCJle,n:YIOIueM: BhI60poqHOM: KOHueHTPa UMM Ha orrpe,n:eJIeHHbIX reOXHMMqeCKHX 6apbepax. CaMM 6apbepbI MOXHO paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK 6apbepHbIe 30HbI, COCTOHIUMe H3 C6JIHXeHHblx H qaCTHqHO rrepeKpbIBaIOlUMX ,n:pyr ,n:pyra 6apbepoB, OTHOCHMbIX K pa3HbIM rro,n:KJIaCCaM H ,n:aJKe KJIaCCaM rrpMpo,n:HbIX reOXMMHqeCKHX 6apbepoB.
Ha UJ,eJlOftHO.M 6apbepe, CBH3aHHOM C yneJI}fqeHMeM 3Ha qeHMM: pH, npOMcxo,n:MT pacrra,ll, KOMIIJIeKCHhIX coe,n:MHeHMM: 3OJIOTa, CYIIIeCTBOBaBIIIMX B 60JIee KHCJIOM: cpe,n:e. O,n:HMM M3 TaKHX HaM60JIee pacrrpOCTPaHeHHbIX coe,n:MHeHHM: HBJlH IOTCH AuC14-. PaCCMaTPMBaeMbIM: rrpouecc HHTeHCHBHOrrpO TeKaeT rrpH rrOHBJIeHHM B rrpo4>IDIe KOPbI BbIBCTPHBaHIUI Kap 60HaTHblx ropM30H1'OB. KOHueHTPauUH 30JIOTa, CBH3aHHaH C YMeHbUleHHeM ero paCTBOpMMOCTH B IUeJIOqHOM: cpe,n:e,
96 |
fAQea 5. lIpupooHble 6apoePbl |
Ha TIlKHX 6aphepax, no )laHHhlM H.A POC.IDIKOBa, B )leCHTKH pa3 npeBhIllIaeT KJIapKoBYIO. Ha TIJ10rn:aaHX 30JIOTOpY)lHhIX nOJIeH 06pa3YIOTcH npOMhIIlIJleHHhIe CKOnJIeHHH MeTaJIJIa. CaMH rn:eJIOT.fHhIe 6apnepbI, a CJIe)lOBareJIhHO, H npOMhllll JIeHHhIe CKOnJIeHHH Ha HHX 30JIOTa 06bIT.fHO HMeIOT <poPMY ropH30HTOB.
Pacnaa .KOMTIJ1eKCHhIX COe)lHHeHHH MHrpHpYIOrn:ero B TaKOH <POpMe 30JIOTa npOHCXO)lHT H Ha 80CCmalL08UmeJlbHbIX
6aphepax. OHH B03HHKaIOT B KOpax BhIBeTpHBaHHH Ha YPOB He IpYHTOBhIX BO)l, r)le npOHCXO)lHT CMeHa OKHCJIHTeJIhHOH 06CTaHOBKH Ha BOCCTaHOBHTeJIhHYIO, 06hIT.fHO rJIeeBYIO.
FJlee8ble 80ccmaH08UmeJI.bHble 6apbepbt, KaK H llJ,eJIOT.fHhIe, HMeIOT <P0PMY ropH30HTOB H JIHH3 B JIaTepHTHhIX Kopax BbIBeTpHBaHHH. )lBYXBaJIeHTHOe )J(eJIe30 npH He)lOCTaTKe KHCJIopO)la B rJIeeBOH cpe)le, BCTylIaeT B peaKIJ,HIO C KOMn JIeKCHhlM 3OJIOTOCO)lepxarn:HM COe)lHHeHHeM. B pe3YJIhTaTe 060c06JIHeTCH CaMOpO)lHOe 30JIOTO H 06pa3YIOTCH fH)lPO KCH)lhl )J(eJIe3a:
4 |
2 |
+ 4HCl + 5H+. |
AuC1 - + 3Fe2+ + 6H |
0 - t AuO + 3FeOOH |
Ha BOCCTIlHOBHTeJIhHhIX 6apnepax, no )laHHhIM B.A Eyr pOBa H 10.11. qeTBePTKOBa, KpOMe Au H Fe ocaxaaIOTCH
Cu, As, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, Hg. O)lHaKO, Cy)lH no KOMnJIeKCY nepeT.fHCJIeHHhlX ::meMeHTOB, HX KOHueHTpaUHSI CBH3aHa He CTOJIhKO C BOCCTIlHOBHTeJIhHhIM 6apnepOM, CKOJIh KO C cOBMern:eMHhIM C HHM COp6UHOHHbIM.
COp6l{UOflHblf;? 6apbepb/ T.faCTO COBMern:eHhI C rn:eJIOT.fHhlMH H BOccTaHOBHTeJIbHhlMH, XOTH MOryr 6bITb H 060c06JIeH HhIMH. OCHOBHhIMH cop6eHTaMH 30JIOTa B Kopax BhIBeTpH BaHHH HBJlHIOTCH OKCH)lhI H rH)lpOOKCH)lhI )J(eJIe3a H Map raHua•. KpOMe XHMHT.feCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB, Ha c06cTBeHHo COp6UHOHhlX 6apbepax BCTpeT.faIOTCH nOBhIllIeHHhIe KOH ueHTpaUHH V, U, Sf. fuo, no )laHHhIM AM. I1epeJIhMaHa, XapaKTepHO .IlJIH COp6UHOHHhlX 6aphepoB npH nOCTYIlJIe HHH K HHM KHCJIhlX H CJIa60KHCJIhlX BO)l.
TaKHM 06pa30M, BH)lHO, T.fT0 npHpo)lHhIe KOMTIJ1eKCHhIe reOXHMHT.feCKHe 6apnephl MOryr B03HHKaTh H3 caMbIX pa3 JIHT.fHhIX COT.feTaHHH <pH3HKO-XHMHT.feCKHX, MeXaHHT.feCKHX H 6HoreOXHMHT.feCKHX .6apbepoB. KaK npaBHJIO, Ha TaKHX 6a pnepax npOHCXO./lHT CyuJ,eCTBeHHhIe 3KOJIoro-reoXHMHT.feC KHe H3MeHeHHH.
r.n.asa 6
TEXHOrEHHbIE BAPbEPbI
B pe3YJIbTaTe aHTponoreHHoH )leHTeJIhHOCTH Ha OT )leJIbHhIX YT.faCTKaX 6Hoc<pephI npOHCXO)lHT H3MeHeHHH, npHBO./lHrn:He K <pOpMHpoBaHHIO Bcex H3BeCTHhIX B npHpo)l HhIX YCJIOBHHX reOXHMH'ieCKHX 6apnepoB. Ha HHX, KaK H Ha npHpo)lHhIX, npOHCXO)lHT OTJIO)J(eHHe Bel1J,eCTB H3 Pa3JIHT.f HhIX MHIpauHOHHhIX nOTOKOB. I1oCJIe)lHHe MOryr 6hlTh KaK TeXHoreHHoro, TaK H npHpO)lHOro npOHCXO:>K;1l.eHHH.
TeXHoreHHhIe 6apnepbI MOryr B03HHKaTh H npH BCTpeT.fe )lBYX pa3JIHT.fHhIX nOTOKOB MHIpHPYIOrn:HX Bern:eCTB, eCJIH B ee pe3YJIhTare H3MeHHTCH HHTeHCHBHOCTh MHIpaUHH H HaT.f HeTCH OTJIO)J(eHHe T.faCTH MHIpHPYIOrn:HX Bern:eCTB. B 3TOM cJIyT.fae He06xo)lHMO, T.fT06hI XOTh O)lHH H3 nOTOKOB 6hlJI TeXHOreHHOH npHpO)lhI.
I1pHHuHnhI OCa)J()leHHH Bern:eCTB Ha TeXHoreHHhIX 6a pnepax Te )J(e, T.fTO H Ha cooTBeTCTBYIOrn:HX HM npHpO)lHbIX, H n03TOMY HeT CMhICJIa HX CHOBa paCCMaTpHBaTh. OTMeTHM TOJIhKO, T.fTO reXHoreHHhle 6aphephI 06hIT.fHO B03HHKalOT B MeCTax npO)J(HBaHHH H pa60ThI JIIO)leH. B CBH3H C 3THM npOHCXO)lHrn:He Ha HHX 3KOJIOrO-reOXHMHT.feCKHe H3MeHe HHH T.faCTO OKa3hIBaIOT 60JIhlllee BJlHHHHe Ha JIIO)leH, T.feM )la)J(e 60JIee KpynHhIe, HO Y)laJIeHHble npHpO)lHhIe 6aphepbI.
Pa3JIHT.falOT nHTh KJIaCCOB TeXHOreHHhIX reOXHMHT.feCKHX 6apnepoB: <pH3HKO-XHMHT.feCKHe, MeXaHHT.feCKHe, 6HoreoxH MHT.feCKHe, COUHaJIhHhIe, KOMTIJ1eKCHhIe.
6.1. <l>H3HKO-XHMJllleCme 6apLephl
PaCCMOTpHM HeCKOJIbKO npHMepoB TeXHoreHHhlX <pH- 3HKO-XHMHT.feCKHX 6aphepOB. Cpe)lH HHX no HaH60JIhllIeMY 3KOJIOrO-reOXHMHT.feCKOMY 3<p<peKTY BhI)leJIHIOTCH cepoBO )lopo)lHbIe, rJIeeBhIe, HcnapHTeJIhHhIe, COp6UHOHHhle.
1. TeXHoreHHhlH CepOBO)lOPO)lHhIH 6aphep 6hIJI BhIHB JIeH B HJIaX peKH )lOH B paHOHe pacnOJIO)J(eHHH roPO)lOB POCTOB H AKcaH (pHC. 21). MCTOT.fHHKaMH cephI B 3TOM CJIyqae HBJlHIOTCH cYJIn<PaThI, nOCTylIaIOrn:He B peKy C HaroH HhlMH TeT.femmMH H3 A30BcKoro MOPJl H co c6pocaMH npo MbIllUIeHHhlX npe)lnpHHTHH PocTOBa H AKCaH. I1PHpO)lHhIe
98 |
Fnasa 6. TexnoceHilbie 6apbepbl |
|
|
|
|
POCToB-Ha-,l{OHj' |
AxcaA |
|
en 1 []JJ 3 K-'S 15 c:::J 7 ~ 9
~2 bLQ4 ~6 /,8
Puc. 21. CepoBo):(opo'!(Hhle TeXHoreHHble reOXHMHqeCKHe 6apbepbI B ):(OHHbIX OTJIO)l(eHHJIX peKH ):(OH: JIaH'!(ma<pThl (l - ImaHKTOH
HbIX BO,!(opOCJIeil: C OKHCJIHTeJIbHoil: o6cTaHoBKoil: B ,!(OHHbIX OT.IlO)l(eHH $IX, 2 - TPOCTHHKOBOil: <p0pMaU;HH C rneeBoil: 06cTaHoBKoil: B ):(OHHbIX OTJIO)l(eHH$lX, 3 - IIJIaHKTOHHbIX BO):(opoc.lleil: C cePOBO'!(OPO):(HOH 06CTa HOBKOil: B ,!(OHHbIX OT.IlO)l(eHH$lX, 4 H 5 - KaMblmOBO-por030BO-TPOCT HliKOBOil: <popMaU;HlI COOTIJeTCTIleHHO C cePOBO'!(OPO):(HOil: 06CTaHOBKOH B ,!(OHHbIX OTJIO)l(eHH1IX H rneeBoil: 06CTaHOBKOit B lIJIax, 6 -- HaCeJIeH HbIX rryHKTOB, 7 - OCTpOBOB), 8 - HanpaB.IleHHe reqeHlIH peKH, 9
cepoBo'!(oPOAHhlil: 6apbep B ImaHe
co06lUecTBa IIJIaHKTOHHhIX BO,llOpocneM (a HMeHHO OHH pa3BHThI B 3TOM qaCTH peKH) He C03,UaIOT ,UOCTaTOqHOrO KOJIHqeCTBa OpraHHqeCKHX COe,llHHeHHM ,UJIH xH3He,UeH TenbHOCTH 60JIhllIOro 'lHCJIa 6aKTepHM, H OCHOBHOM 06'beM OpraHHKJI rrOCTynaeT C 6hITOBhIMH CTOKaMH ropO,UOB AKCaM H POCTOB. 3a CqeT rrepepa60TKJI 3THX rrOCTYIIJIeHHM B rrpH cyrcTBHH CYJIhlPaTOB 1P0pMHpyeTCH TeXHOreHHhIM cepOBO ,ll0P0,UHhI:tI: 6aphep, 06YCJIOBJIeHHhIM 6aKTepHaJIhHOM ,lleH TeJIhHOCThIO.
KOHIreHTpHPYlOlUHeCH Ha HeM MeTaJIJIhI TaK)Ke HMeIOT B OCHOBHOM TeXHoreHHoe rrpOHCXO)l(,lleHHe H CBH3aHhI C rrocryrrJIeHHeM CTOKOB OT rrpOMhIIIIJIeHHhIX rrpe,UrrpHHTHM roPO,UOB POCTOB H AKCaM.
2. Ha yqacTKax, r,lle 6aKTepHHM He XBaTaJIO CYJIhlPaTOB
H3 HaroHHhIX BO,ll OT A30BCKOro MOpH MH C03.1I.aHHH ,llOCTa TOqHOrO KOJIHqeCTBa cepOBO,llOpO,lla, B HJIaX C03,llaBaJIaCb rneeBa.fI, 6eCKJlCJIOpO,llHa.fI 06cTaHOBKa (CM. pHC. 21). Ee 06 pa30BaHHe CBH3aHO C paCXO,llOM cBo60,UHoro KJlCJIopO,lla Ha OKHCJIeHHe OpraHHqeCKJlX BemeCTB TeXHoreHHoro rrpOHC xox<ueHHH. CJIe,UyeT OTMeTHTh, 'ITO Ha,ll rneeBhIMH H cepOBO
6.1. flJUSUlW-XUMU'l.eCKUe 6apbepbl |
99 |
,UOPO,UHhIMH TeXHOreHHhIMH 6aphepaMH B Imax, B npH,UOH HOM cnoe BO,UhI C03.1I.aeTC.fI rJIeeBa.fI 6ecKJICJIopo,llHa.fI 06CTa HOBKa. 06pa30BaHHe TaKJIX 6aphepOB B peKax Y KpynHhIX
HaceJIeHHhIX rryHKTOB |
.fIBJIeHHe aHOMaJIhHOe H OrraCHOe. |
Bo-rrepBhIX, CaM H 2S, |
HaKanJIHBaIOlUHMCH B MJIax, - 3TO |
CMJIhHhIM H,U MH 60JIhllIHHCTBa )J{JIBhIX opraHH3MOB. Bo BTOPhIX, TIDKeJIhIe MeTaJIJIhI, oceBllIHe H3 BO,U B MJIbI, rrOCTe
. rreHHO rrOCTynaIOT B paCTHTeJIhHhle H )J{JIBOTHhle opraHH3MhI (BKJ1IOqa.fI qeJIOBeKa), BhI3hIBa.fI HX OTpaBJIeHHe. B-TpeThHX, 06pa30BaHHe 6eCKJlCJIOpO,UHOM 06CTaHOBKH TaK)Ke ry6H
TeJIhHO MH 60nhllIHHCTBa peqHhIX opraHH3MOB.
3. CBoe06pa3HhIM lUeJIOqHOM TeXHOreHHhIM reOXHMH qeCKJlM 6aphep 6hID C03.1I.aH H.<I>. MhIpnHHoM H H.K. Eypre JIH [49] H3 rreCqaHO-Kap60HamoM CMeCH. EIO JarrOJIHHIOTCH TpaHllIeH, pacnOJIOXeHHhle Ha CKIIOHax HHxe yqacTKoB
(06hIqHO BHHOrpa,llHHKOB), 06pa6aThIBaeMhlx Me,llhCO,llep
xalUHMH rrperrapaTaMH. Me,Uh, rrorra,lla.fI Ha TaKOM 6aphep, OCa)I(,llaeTCH B BH,lle MaJIaxHTa.
YqHThIBaH, 'ITO B MOJI,UaBHH Ha 06pa60TKy Ca,llOB H BH HOrpa,llHHKOB exerO,UHO HCrrOJIh3YIOTCH ,llecHTKH ThICHq TOHH Me,UH, C03,llaHHe TeXHOreHHhIX lUenoqHhIX 6aphepOB, HecOMHeHHO, cnoc06cTByeT YJIyqllIeHHIO 3KOnOrHqeCKOM 06cTaHOBKH B JIaH,llllIaqnax, coce,UcTBYIOlUHX C Ca,llaMH H BHHorpa,llHHKaMH.
4. C03,llaHHe elUe O,llHOrO lUeJIOqHoro 6aphepa 6hIJIO peKOMeH,llOBaHO rpynnoM yqeHhIx [26] nocne rO,llOBhIX HC CJIe,llOBaHHM B .K:u3eJIOBCKOM yrOJIhHOM paMoHe. IJJ;eJIoq HOCTh rrO,U3eMHhIX H rrOBepXHOCTHhIX BO,U, BhITeKaIOlUHX H3-rrO,ll TBep,UhIX OTXO,llOB yrne,ll06hIqH, OTBeqaeT KHCJIhIM paCTBopaM (pH 1-3) C MHHepaJIHJaUHeM S04 45 Mr/JI. )lJIH C03,llaHHH lUeJIOqHOro 6aphepa HHxe rro rrOTOKy OT OT BaJIOB 6hIJIa rrpOM.ueHa H 3aChmaHa H3BeCTHHKaMH KaHaBa (pHC. 22). llpOHCllIe,llllIHe 3KOJIOrO-reOXHMHqeCKHe H3Me HeHHH MOXHO OueHHTh. TaK, 3a ro,U Ha6JIIO,lleHHM pH yse_
JIHqHJIOCh C 1,8 ,UO 6,8; MHHepaJIH3aUHH CHH3HJIaCh C 28 ,UO 3,5 r/n; co,UepxaHHe CYJIhlPaTOB YMeHhllIMJIOCh 60JIee, qeM B 10 pa3 (c 17000,U0 1600 Mr/JI), xeJIeJa - C 4600 ,llO 1-2 Mr/JI, a aJIIOMHHHH C 494 ,uo 0,5 Mr/n. Ha caMOM 6aPbepe rropoBoe rrpoCTpaHCTBO JarrOJIHMJIOCh rH,llpoKCH,UaMH H cynhlPaTaMH xeJIeJa H aJIIOMHHHH.