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Тюменский Государственный Университет

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Алексеенко Геохимические барьеры

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[52], rrOCJIe 030JIeHMH pacTeHMH-KOHIIeHTpaTOpOB CTaHO BMTCH B03MO)KHbIM peHT36eJIbHOe M3BJIeqeHMe MeTaJIJIOB M3 30JIbl, 'lT0 yxe rrpaKTMKYeTCH B pMe CTpaH. (PM pacTe HMH-KOHIIeHTpaTOpOB onpe,lJ.eJIeHHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB rrpMBe,lJ.eH

B p33,!J.. 5.3.)

B KaqeCTBe TeXHOreHHoro 6MOreOXMMMqeCKoro 6apbepa L

MO)KHO paCCMaTpMBaTb JIeCHble HaCIDKJJ;eHMH B,!J.OJIh peK, BO ,lJ.OXpaHMJIMI..II, npY,lJ.OB. OHM npe,lJ.OXpaHHIOT BO,lJ.HbIe JIaH,lJ. ma$TbI OT 3arpH3,HeHMH, Bo-rrepBbIX, nYTeM rrepeBO,lJ.a rro BepXHocTHOro CTOKa BO BHYTPMrrOqBeHHbIH M I'pYHTOBblH. (B 3TOM CJIyqae O'lMCTKa BO,lJ., nOCTYIIalOIIIMX B aKBaJIhHhle JIaH,!J.maqm,I, npOMCXO,lJ.MT eI..IIe M Ha nOqBeHHOM, COp6IIMOH HOM 6apbepe.) BO-BTOPbIX, JIeCHble HaCax,lJ,eHMH HerrOCpe,lJ. CTBeHHO, KaK 6MOreOXMMMqeCKMe 6aphepbI, 3MepXMBaIOT ,lJ.0 40% B3BeCeH M ,lJ.0 80% XJIopa, cepbI, rM,lJ.poKap60HaToB, aMMOHMHHoro 330Ta M3rrOCTYrralOI..IIMX K HMM BO,lJ.HbIX no TOKOB [70].

H3BeCTHO, 'ITO He,lJ.OCTaTOK OT,lJ.eJIhHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB B OK pyxalOI..IIeH qeJIOBeKa cpe,lJ.e (M B rrepBYIO oqepe,lJ,b B npo,lJ.YK

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npeneJlbHO ,!I.onyC11lMbIe Koun;etrrpllD,llH, Mr/KT, p~ MeTlIJIJIOB
		B DpO.!JYKTlIX mmlHH.fI

IIpo.JlYKThI	CBll-	Kan:-	MhIIIIb-	Pryrb	Me~	UuHK II
	He~	MllM	HK			I
--~~~
DOJThlillltlCTBO			0,2-0,3			50
3ePHOBO-606o	0,5	0,1	0,2-0,3	0,02-0,03	10	50
BbIX
--------
Caxap H KOH	1,0	0,1	0,5	0,02-0,03	10-20	50
¢cTbl	1,0	0,1	0,5	0,02-0,03	10-20	50
¢cTbl

!------ ~~~-~~~-

MOJIOKO H 60JThlilllHCTBO

:lICli):(KliX MO	0,1	0,03	0,05	0,005	1,0		5
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		----
MacJlo pru.'Tll-							5-10
Tem,Hoe H H3	0,1	0,05	0,1	0,05	1,0		5-10
il.eJlHlI H3 Hero
OBonU-I, l1fO~I	------ !-------~
OBonU-I, l1fO~I
II 4>P)'KTbl CBC					5,0
II 4>P)'KTbl CBC	0,04-0,5	0,03	0,2	0,02	5,0
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3aMopoxeHHbIC
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4>P)'KTbI 11 H3			0,2	0,02	5,0		10,0
il.enlill 113 HHX	1,0	0,05	0,2	0,02	5,0		10,0
B C60PtlOH
Xe\..'TlIHOH Tape
							------
MHco 11 IlTlf.Qa	0,5	0,05	0,1	0,03	5,0		70
CBe:llClie	0,5	0,05	0,1	0,03	5,0		70		I
CBe:llClie									I
		..	I--~~~
MHco II JITll.Qa
KOHcepBHpo-	1,0	0,1	0,1	0,03		5,0	70
BaHHble B
BaHHble B
C60PtlOM xec-
TlIHOH Tape

PbI6a cBexalI	1,0	0,2	1,0-5,0	0,3-0,6	10		40
II MOpOXeHaJI	1,0	0,2	1,0-5,0	0,3-0,6	10		40
II MOpOXeHaJI					-
PbI6a KOtiCep					-
PbI6a KOtiCep
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BlipoBaHH3SI B
c6oprroH xec-
c6oprroH xec-
THROM Tape
					------
HarmTKH	0,1-0,3	0,01-0,03	0,1-0,2	0,005	1,0-5,0 5,0-10
								------

5 feOXHMlfQeCKHe OapbePhl

3-20

1,5-2

IJUl6a 6. TexnozeHHble fiapbepbI

114

B pMe paHOHOB HaceJIeHHe CTPa,L(aeT He OT H36bITKa, a OT He.D,OCTaTKa onpe,neJIeHHblX XHMHqeCKHX 3JIeMeHTOB,

B TOM 'IHCJIe H MeTaJIJIOB. TaK, npH He,nOCTaTKe Fe (QaCTO Ha6JIIO,naeTC5I B YCJIOBHfIX CeBepa) pa3BHBaIOTcfI aHeMHqeC Ka5I rHIIOKCHfI H PM .D,pyrHX 3a60JIeBaHHM:. He.D,OCTaToK Mn

MO.lKeT IIpHBeCTH K 060CTpeHHIO .D,Ha6eTa; He.D,OCTaToK Cu MO.lKeT HHH~HHpoBaTh aTepOCKJIep03, peBMaTOH.D,HhIH aPT

pHT H T.,n.; Mo - YMCTBeHHYIO OTCTaJIOCTb; Zn Me.D,JIeH

Hoe 3a){(HBJIeHHe paH, IIOJIOBOe He.D,Opa3BHTlAe, yxy,nlIIeHHe BOCIIPOH3BO.D,HTeJIbHhIX <jJYHKl\HM: H T •.D,. YCTaHOBJleHHe Ta

KHX 3aKOHOMepHOCTeM: npHBeJIO K BceB03paCTaIOIll.eMY npH MeHeHHIO MHKp03JIeMeHTOB B Me.D,H~HHe. (K CO.lKaJIeHHIO

MHKpo,n06aBKH onpe,neJIeHHhIX 3JIeMeHTOB HCnOJIb3YIOTCfI

6e3 yqeTa HX (3JIeMeHTOB) CO.D,ep.lKaHHH B KOHKPeTHbIX JIaH,ll ma<jJTHo-reOXHMHqeCKHX YCJIOBH5IX npO){(HBaHH5I JIIO,neM: H 6e3 yqeTa pa3BHTHH pa3JlHqHhIX 60JIe3HeH y KOHKpeTHoro qeJIOBeKa. B p5I,ne c.nyqaeB B03HHKaeT H36hITOK OIIpe,neJIeH HbIX 3JleMem'OB B opraHH3Me, a 3TO 6blBaeT elll.e 60JIee Bpe.D,

HO, qeM lAX He,nOCTaTOK.)

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Bblpa.lKeHHbIM: 6HoreOXHMHQeCKHM: 6apbep):

1. fiPH He,nOCTaTKe Fe CBeKJIhI KPaCHoH (oco6eHHo

JIHCTheB), IIeTpymKH, CaJIaTa, IIITIHHaTa (cO.D,ep.lKaHHe Fe OT

20 .D,O 40 MrIr CBe.lKHX pacTeHHH HJIH 200-400 MrIKr cyxo

ro BemecTBa);

2. fiPH He.D,OCTaTKe Mn - CBeKJIhI KpacHoH (JIHCTheB), pCBeH51 (CO.D,ep.lKaHHe Mn ,no 400 Mr/Kr cyxoro BemeCTBa);

3. fiPH HC.D,OCTaTKe Cu	CBeKJIbI, CaJIaTa, neTpYIIIKH,
lllIIHHaTa (.D,O 20 Mr/Kf cyxoro BemccTBa);
4. fiPH He,nocTaTKc Mo -	606oB, <i>aCOJIH (.D,O 20 Mr/Kf
cyxoro BemeCTBa);
5. fiPH HC.D,OCTaTKe Zn	- llIIlHHaTa, CeJIb.D,epefI (.D,O

100 Mr/Kf cyxoro BemecTBa).

6.4. C01.4UaJlbHble fiapbepbl	115
6.4. CO~llJIbHbJe 6apbepbI

TaK KaK 06111Jle oc06eHHocTH co~mUIbHbIX 6apbepoB 6bVIH paCCMOTpeHbJ Bblllle (CM. pa3,lJ.. 3.1), KpaTKO pa36e

peM oc06eHHocTH OT)I,eJIbHbIX nO.D,KJIaCCOB.

EhlTOBbIe COlJ,lfllJlhHbJe 6apLePhI N npe.D,CTaBJIHIOT C060H 30Hbl yrHJIH3a~HH, CBaJIKH TBep.D,bIX 6hITOBbIX OTXO.D,OB, a

TaIOKe ){(H.D,KlAe OTXO)l,bI. Mx OTJIHqYlTeJIhHOM: reOXHMHqeC KOM: qePToM: MO.lKeT 6hITh 3HaqlATeJIbHM POJIh OpraHl1qeC KHX Coe.D,IAHeHHM:. COOTBeTCTBeHHO C 3TOM: oc06eHHOCThIO

B03paCTaeT 3HaqeHlAe MlAKpoopraHH3MOB BO Bcex noCJlc.D,yro Ill.HX npo~eccax, npOTeKaIOIll.HX Ha 6apbepax. C6poc )KH.D,

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B cmI3H co CTPOHTeJIbCTBOM H peKOHCTPYKUlAeM: roPO.D,OB

B03HlAKaIOT CneUHaJIlA3IApOBaHHbIC CBaJIKIA CTPOIATeJlbHOrO Mycopa, npe.D,CTaBmnOlll.lAe C060H COT~HaJIbHhIH 6aphep O.

MHOr.D,a lAX qaCTH~O 3aCbmaIOT nJIO.D,OPO.D,HOH 3eMJIeH. O.D,

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MeHTOB.

TaK, B HOBOPOCCHHCKe B nOqBaX Ha,L( CO~lAaJIbHhIM

6aphepOM co CTPOlATeJIbHhIM MycopOM ( nplA He3HaqlATeJIb

HOH nplAMeCH 6bITOBOro Mycopa) B pa3a nOBbIUleHbI

no cpaBHeUIAIO C nO.D,06HbIMH lIpHpO.D,HbIMIA JIaU.D,Ulaq)TaMH perHOHa Cpe)l,HHe CO.D,ep.lKaHIAH Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Sr. MaK

CIAMaJIbHble KOH~eHTPa~IAH 3THX .lKe 3JIeMeHTOB B nO'IBax Ha,L( paCCMaTPHBaeMhIM CO~HaJIbHhIM 6aphepoM B pa3

rrpeBhIUlaIOT Cpe)l,HlAe B npHpO.D,HhIX JIaH.D,Ulaq)'!'ax. YqlATbIBa51 TaKHe reOXHMlAqeCKHe oc06eHHocTIA no'm,

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YMeHblIIaeT 6e30naCHOCTh ){(H3He.D,eHTeJIhHOCTH HaCeJICHHfI. HaH60JIee BhICOKHMH KOHl~eHTPaI~HfIMH OT.D,eJIhHbIX 3JIe MeHTOB (qalll.e Bcero MeTaJIJIOB) OTJIHQaIOTCH CO~HaJIbHble

6. TemozenHble 6apbepbl

116

6apbepbI P, npeaCTaBJIHIDIUHe 3DHbI CKJIa.llHpDBaHlHI OTXD aDD npDMhIlIIJIeHHbIX npeanpHHTHi1:, KOTDpbIe MDryr 6blTb

)l(HaKHMH H TBepablMH.

o TDM, QTD yrnJIH3aIlHH TBepahIX OTXDaDB npeanpHHTHH HDJlHeTCH DaHDH H3 Ba)J{HeHIlIHX 3KDJIDrHQeCKHX npo6JleM, 3aTpamBaIOmHX YCTDHQHBDe pa3BHTHe KpynHbIX perHDHDD H ueJIhIX rDcyaapCTB, MD)KHD cyaHTb no. aaHHhIM, XapaKTe

PH3YlOIUHM D6cTaHDBKY D ,D,DH6acce.

1. O.H. BeHT H B.ll. HBaHQHKDB npHDDaHT CBeaeHHH

[20) 0. TDM, qTD B pemDHe Ha DaHDro )l(HTeJIH npHxDaHTCH

2600 T npDMbIlIIJIeHHbIX OTXDaDB. B pe3YJIhTaTe Ha 1 KM2

TeppHTDpl1H ,D,DH6acca B cpeaHeM HaxDaHTCH 190000 T DT

XDaDB. 11x 3HaQHTeJIbHYIO QaCTb CDCTaBJIHIOT DTBaJIbHbIe ropHbIe nDpoahI. 31'0. CDH3aHD C TeM, QTO B perHDHe aD6hNa

1000 T YrJIH CDnpDBD)KJlaeTCH H3BJIeQeHl1eM Ha nDBepxHocTb

300 T nDpDabl. B pe3YJIbTaTe D 2001 r. Ha TeppHTDPHH

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H 400 T DKCMDB a30Ta.

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6.4. CO~U(lJlbHble 6apbepbl	117

2. 113MeHeHHe 3KDJIDrD-reDXHMHqeCKDH D6cTaHDBKH npDaDJIXaeTCH H nDCJIe npeKpameHHH ropeHHH TeppHKD HDB. TaK, BD3JIe CDUHaJIhHhIX 6aphepDB, npeaCTaBJIeHHhIX nmYXIlIHMH reppHKDHaMH, B pa.llHyce 150 M npH CKDPDCTH BeTpa Bcero 3,5 M/c H BJIaJKHDcrn BOllIYXa 90% KDHueHTPa UHH nhVIH aDXDaHT aD 10-15 r/M3, a npeBhIlIIeHHe IT,llK no. 3anbVIeHHDCTH DTMeqaeTCH Ha paCCTDHHHH 1 KM [47].

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HD H B Tex CJIyqaHx, KDraa CDaepxaHHe 3JIeMeHTDB npHMecei1: B 3DJIe HeDeJIHKD, 30JIDlIIJIaKDBble DTXD.llbI ueJIe CD06pa3HD HCnDJIb3DBaTb B CTpDHTeJIbCTBe, B TDM QHCJIe B aDpDXHDM [46]. KaK BHaHD H3 Ta6JI. 17, B TJ,eJIDM pMe CTpaH TaKHe DTXDabI HCnDJIb3yIOT Ha 100%. CJIeaDBaTeJIhHD,

118	Pilaaa 6. TeXHo2eHHbie 6apbepbl

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lleKOTOPblX 3JleMemOB B yrJlRX

-------

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