Industrial Sectors

1. In some sectors of the economy, a small number of large companies are responsible for a sizeable percentage of total production, notable in the vehicle, aerospace and transport equipment industries. Private business concerns account for the greater part of activity in agriculture, manufacturing, construction, distribution, and financial and miscellaneous service sectors. Over half of companies internally generate their funds for investment. Banks are the chief source of external finance.

2. Around 250 British industrial companies each have an annual turnover of more than L 500 million. British Petroleum (BP) is the eleventh largest industrial company in the world and the second largest in Europe. Five British firms are among the leading 25 European Community companies.

3. But the average manufacturing company is fairly small. Four-fiftlis employ fewer than 20 people. These make up 10 per cent of the manufacturing workforce. Small businesses employ more than a third of the private sectors workforce and are responsible for one-sixth of total turnover. The Government provides financial assistance and guidance to small companies.

4. Today Britain is an attractive country for inward investment, because of its membership of the EC and proximity to other European markets, and low corporate and personal taxation. Foreign firms have the same incentives as British firms.

VII. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на английском языке на следующий вопрос:

What part of total turnover are small businesses responsible for in Great Britain ?

Контрольное задание № 2

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1.Видо - временные формы глагола:

a) активный залог-формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола сап - to be able; b) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства; Gerund - герундий, простые формы.

4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

5. Интернациональные слова.

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

I. They were investing money in this business for two years.

1.Они вкладывали деньги в это дело в течение двух лет.

Were investing - Past Continuous Active от глагола to invest

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

I. They were investing money in this business for two years.

l.Они вкладывали деньги в это дело в течение двух лет.

Were investing - Past Continuous Active от глагола to invest.

1. The president of the company has shown some interest in spare parts for the equipment,

2. The Buyers and the Sellers were discussing the possibility of the purchase of inventory during their talks yesterday.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1. Particular attention is given by the World Bank to projects of developing countries.

1.Особое внимание уделяется Всемирным Банком проектам развивающихся стран.

Is given - Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to give.

1. The International Development Association is financed by grants from donor nations.

2. When a consignment was received, it was examined and the delivery note was signed.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle : I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

I. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are directed by the governments of member nations..

I.Всемирный Банк и Междуна­родный валютный фонд управля­ются правительствами входя­щих в них стран.

(Are) directed - Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite от глагола to direct.

2. The Articles included in the IMF's Agreement were signed by all its members.

2.Статьи, включенные в согла­шение МВФ (Международного валютного фонда), были подпи­саны всеми его участниками.

Included, определение.

3. Not knowing the main prin­ciples of the agreement, the director refused to sign it.

З.Не зная основных положений соглашения, директор отказался его подписать

Not knowing- Participle I, обстоятельство

1. Every project supported by the Bank is designed in close collaboration with national governments and local agencies.

2. The key opening the door to IMF (International Monetary Fund) assistance is the member's balance of payments.

3. The IMF (International Monetary Fund) is authorized to issue a special type of money, called the SDR (специальные права заимствования), to provide its members with additional liquidity.

4. While unloading the ship, there may be found out that some goods were damaged.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ

1.They will have to deliver the equipment within 12 month

I Они должны будут поставить оборудование в течение 12 месяцев.

1. Prices can be set by the government, usually for different public services - railroads, electricity, manufactured gas, bus services, etc.

2.A company must deduct its costs, expenses, losses on bad debts and other

items.

3. The Act of Claim shall contain the description and quantity of the goods under claims, order number, description and origin of the defect.

4. All amendments and addendums to the Contract are to be considered as integral part of the Contract.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2, 4 абзацы текста.

Overseas Trade

1. Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world and, as a member of the European Community, part of the world's largest trading bloc, accounting for 20 per cent of all trade in goods and services. Exports of goods and services are equivalent to over 25 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP). Britain is a major supplier of machinery, vehicles, aerospace products, electrical and electronic equipment and chemicals, and a significant oil exporter. 82 per cent of exports and 77,5 per cent of imports are manufactured goods.

2. Since the mid-1970s North Sea oil has made a significant contribution to Britain's overseas trade - the surplus on trade in oil in 1991 amounted to about £1,200 million. Production peaked in the mid-1980s, when exports of fuels made up one fifth of total exports.

3. Countries also trade abroad in things like insurance, tourism, foreign investment, which are known as invisible imports and exports. When a country receives money from abroad for things other than goods, the transaction is called an invisible export.

4. Earnings from invisible trade are more than is earned from visible trade, placing Britain second only to the United States in overseas earnings from invisibles. Invisibles comprise internationally tradable services; interest, profits and dividends on external assets; and transfers between governments. Britain is responsible for some 10 per cent of the world's exports of services, which range from financial services such as banking, insurance and stock broking to consultancy, computer programming, training and tourism.

V. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What can you say about invisible imports and exports?