13. Tell about the greenhouse effect using this picture
14. 9 You will hear a man talking about a climatic phenomenon called El Niňo. For questions 10-14, choose the best answer (a, b, c or d) which fits best according to what you hear.
1. The phenomenon known as El Niňo.
A is confined to the Pacific Ocean.
B) affects climate in many parts of the world.
C) resembles global warming.
D) caused the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
2. It was named after
A) Jesus Christ.
B) a fisherman’s son.
C) a warm current.
D). a time of year.
3. It is caused by
A) the wind changing direction.
B) the wind losing its force.
C) the water becoming cooler.
D) violent storms.
4. El Niňa is a phenomenon that
A) reserves the effect of El Niňo.
B) produces similar weather conditions.
C) forms part of the same pattern.
D) occurs every four or five years.
5. The effect of El Niňo
A) can be reliably forecast.
B) are sometimes beneficial.
C) are never accurately reported.
D) do not reach the northern hemisphere.
15. Discuss the following facts and figures.
As a result of human activity 156 mln. tons of sulphur dioxide and 60 mln. tons of nitric oxide are released into atmosphere every year. In the cities where there are many industrial enterprises the air is contaminated even greater. For example, in Tokyo every month 34 tons of soot falls per each square kilometer of the territory, in New-York it amounts 17 tons.
As a result of industry and transport development oxygen is used for burning in greater amount. For example, an automobile spends a man’s daily rate (суточная норма) of oxygen per 1,5 thousand kilometers. (A man spends 500 liters of air daily on average). A modern jet liner uses 35 tons of oxygen per 1 transatlantic flight.
One of the terrible catastrophes in the history of mankind was the accident in Chernobyl in April 1986.There happened destruction, melting, evaporation and emission of nuclear fuel into the atmosphere. In all nearly 50 tons of nuclear material were released into the atmosphere. The mass of radioactive bomb fallen on Hiroshima was 4,5 tons. In Chernobyl the radioactive substances rose at the height up to 11 kilometers, the territory of Ukraine, Byelorussia, and central regions of Russia were contaminated.
16. Discuss the following problems. Find some additional information to prove your point of view.
Can the ozone layer be preserved in the current conditions? If so, in what way?
Why does not the contamination of atmosphere disturb the processes taking place in it?
Wordlist
Abundance |
распространение, изобилие |
anthropogenic |
антропогенный, техногенный |
Сontroversy |
разногласие, спор |
Deforestation |
вырубка, уничтожение лесов |
Deleterious effect |
вредный, отрицательный эффект |
Depletion |
истощение, износ |
Diversity |
разнообразие |
Evidence |
свидетельство, доказательство |
Incident radiation |
падающее излучение |
Infra-red radiation |
инфракрасное излучение |
Nutrient |
питательное вещество |
Perturbation |
возмущение |
Repository |
хранилище, контейнер |
Runaway |
быстро растущий |
To scatter |
рассеивать |
Sewage disposal |
удаление, сброс сточных вод |
Tenuous |
тонкий |
To trap |
улавливать |
Ultraviolet radiation |
ультрафиолетовая радиация |