- •Предисловие
- •Методические указания по организации самостоятельной работы
- •Как нужно развивать технику письма на английском языке:
- •2. The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Customs conventions and recommendations
- •Working on the text
- •The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.9. Summary: Write down a Summary of the text “The Revised Kyoto Convention”. Ex.10. Text rendering: Render the text “The Revised Kyoto Convention”.
- •Grammar revision
- •The London Dungeon
- •Working on the article Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Tasks for the article
- •Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Student a’s questions
- •Additional tasks
- •1. Vocabulary extension: Choose several words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations with each word.
- •2. The Istanbul Convention
- •The hs Convention
- •Working on the text
- •The Istanbul Convention Convention relating to temporary admission
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Anti-tobacco treaty begins (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Anti-tobacco treaty begins
- •Additional tasks
- •2. The cites
- •The tir convention
- •Working on the text
- •What is cites?
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Hadran’s wall
- •Working on the article un agrees to ban on ivory trade (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Un agrees to ban on ivory trade
- •Ex.12. Read and fill in gaps. Un agrees to ban on ivory trade
- •Ex.17. Student poaching survey: Write five questions about elephant poaching. Ex.18. Ivory trade discussion:
- •Ex.20. Speaking: role play:
- •Ex.21. Writing: Write about the elephants and ivory for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper. Additional tasks
- •2. Customs enforcement and compliance
- •Customs technologies
- •Working on the text
- •What is Customs Enforcement and Compliance
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision Ex.1. Functions of transitional words and phrases revision:
- •Ex.2. Transitional words and phrases finding: read the text and put transitional words and phrases into the table below:
- •Identify any transitional words and phrases, comment on their function and find an equivalent for them.
- •Ex.4. Words:Put the following transitional words and phrases back into the text: moreover, and not only…but , finally, because; working on the article
- •Internet Piracy Bill in Trouble
- •Tasks for the article
- •2. Obligations, Powers and Liability of the eu Customs Authorities
- •Application of Customs Control International Standards. Moving goods across the borders
- •Working on the text
- •Obligations, Powers and Liability of the eu Customs Authorities
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article
- •Ireland ‘No’ vote plunges eu into crisis (from: www. Elsdiscussions.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Additional tasks
- •Customs Union between the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan
- •Working on the text
- •Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Moscow is the world’s costliest city (from: www. Business.English.Materials.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.14. Reading: Read and fill in the spaces. Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.17. Language: Put the correct words from a–d below in the article. Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.19. Student cost of living survey: Write five questions about living costs. Ex.20. Living costs discussion:
- •Ex.22. Speaking: cost of living presentation:
- •Additional tasks
- •2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- •World Customs Organization
- •Working on the text
- •General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- •2. Major Provisions of gatt
- •1. Tariff
- •2. Quantitative Restrictions
- •3. Other provisions
- •4. Achievements and Problems of gatt/wto
- •5. Difference between gatt and wto
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.16.Writing:
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Airport security New body scanners see through clothes
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.8.Airport security discussion:
- •Ex.9.Writing: Write about airport. Correct your partner’s paper.
- •2. Russia’s accession to the wto
- •What is the wto?
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.14. Writing: Write about the World Trade Organization for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper.
- •Russia’s accession to the wto
- •Industrial and agricultural subsidies
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Arabs Want Arabic as a wto Language (from: www.Esldiscussions.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.2. Gap fill: Read the article and fill in the gaps.
- •Ex.3. Phrase match: Match the following phrases from the article.
- •Ex.5. Spelling: Spell the jumbled words (from the text) correctly.
- •Ex.5. Put the text back together: Number these lines in the correct order.
- •Ex.6. Word order: With a partner, put the words back into the correct order.
- •Risk management in Customs procedures
- •Working on the text
- •Intellectual Property Rights
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article The Inellectual Property Day (from: www. Elsdiscussions.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.2. Phrase match: Match the following phrases from the article.
- •2. Us Customs and Border Protection (cbp)
- •3. Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
- •Ex.3. Reading: Read and translate the text “hm Revenue and Customs”.
- •U.S. Customs and Border Protection (cbp)
- •Working on the text
- •Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
- •Organizational arrangements
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.3. Reading: Read and translate the text “Australian Customs and Border Protection Service.”
- •Ex.9. Computer presentation: Make a computer presentation on the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service.
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Rate of uk immigration rises sharply (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.8. Immigration problem discussion:
- •Rate of uk immigration rises sharply
- •Rate of uk immigration rises sharply
- •Ex.19. Writing: Write about immigration for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper.
- •2. International Customs Cooperation
- •Green Customs Initiative
- •Working on the text
- •International Customs Cooperation
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Loss of Nature Will Damage Economies (from: www.Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •2. The Russian Customs Academy Overview
- •Fcs International Customs Co-operation
- •Working on the text
- •The Russian Customs Academy Overview
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article The Russia Experience
- •Tasks for the article
- •2. International Activities of the Russian Customs Academy
- •International Network of Customs Universities (incu)
- •Incu Administration
- •Working on the text
- •International Activities of the Russian Customs Academy
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article The way to the 10th anniversary…
- •Tasks for the article
- •Working on the article The 6th annual picard Conference
- •Tasks for the article
- •Reference grammar materials
- •Verb Tense Overview with Examples
- •Active / Passive Verb Forms
- •Active Form
- •Passive Form
- •Active / Passive Overview
- •Transitional Words and Phrases
- •1. Why do we use transitional words and phrases?
- •2. Different functions of transitional words and phrases
- •2.1 Functions
- •Transitional Phrases
- •What are Phrasal Verbs and Prepositional Verbs
- •Modal Verbs Tutorial Modals are special verbs which behave very irregularly in English. What are Modal Verbs?
- •Common Modal Verbs
- •Modal Forms
- •Gerunds and Infinitives (Part I)
- •Verbs Followed by Gerunds
- •Verbs Followed by Infinitives
- •Gerunds and Infinitives (Part 2)
- •Subjunctive Form
- •Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive
- •Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive
- •Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive
- •Should as Subjunctive
- •Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
- •Statements
- •Questions
- •Requests
- •Additional Information and Exemptions
- •Addendum II writing instructions materials
- •How to summarize an Article
- •How to write a Speech
- •How to write an Essay
- •How to write an Annotation
- •Abstract writing guidelines
- •Writing a Message
- •What are Skimming and Scanning
- •How to write a Welcome Letter?
- •How to write a Newsletter?
- •Addendum III. Types of documents used in international co-operation activities Treaties
- •Agreements
- •Conventions
- •Charters
- •Protocols
- •Declarations
- •Memoranda of Understanding
- •Modus Vivendi
- •Samples of documents used in international co-operation activities
- •Invitation letter
- •Newsletter
- •Invitation letter
- •Memorandum of understanding
- •Russian language articles
- •Фтс в 2011г. Перевыполнила план
- •Наше присоединение делает вто абсолютно универсальным институтом
- •Таможне надо помогать инвесторам, а не быть барьером, заявил Медведев
- •Беларусь выравнивает условия на автомобильном рынке с партнерами по Таможенному союзу
- •Киотская конвенция Всемирной таможенной организации вступила в силу для Беларуси
- •Принцип оформления «одна остановка - одно окно» позволит ускорить прохождение границы
- •Ситес решила создать фонд для защиты слонов и расследовать нелегальную торговлю змеиной кожей
- •Прогноз «Стратегии-2020»: Выгоды и риски вступления России в вто
- •Счетная палата недосчитала 725 млрд. Рублей
- •Будущее таможни – в международной интеграции и новых технологиях (итоги работы Магнитогорской таможни)
- •English language articles
- •Corruption in Russia
- •Начало формы Конец формы Global Meltdown
- •Green Living
- •Preview some of the lesson material:
- •Marijuana to Fight the Munchies
- •Nations Increasingly Strict on Immigration
- •New Language Boom
- •Preview some of the lesson material:
- •Начало формы Конец формы Oil, Water, and the Future
- •Начало формы Конец формы Soda Tax
- •The Amnesty International Report
- •Gun Law Reform
- •Preview some of the lesson material:
- •Extreme Views on the Internet
- •Depression on the Horizon
- •Digital Age
- •Список литературы
- •2. Официальный сайт комиссии Таможенного Союза: www.Tsouz.Ru.
- •Содержание
- •2. The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Addendum II. Writing instructions materials …..……………...………286 addendum III. Types of documents used in international cooperationactivities………………………………………………….....……...305
Modal Verbs Tutorial Modals are special verbs which behave very irregularly in English. What are Modal Verbs?
Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:
1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.
Examples:
He can speak Chinese.
She should be here by 9:00.
2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
Examples:
He should not be late.
They might not come to the party.
3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.
Examples:
He will can go with us. Not Correct
She musted study very hard. Not Correct
Common Modal Verbs
Can Could May Might Must |
Ought to Shall Should Will Would |
For the purposes of this tutorial, we have included some expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.
Modal Forms
Modal verbs can be used in a variety of different forms.
Modal Simple I could swim at the beach. Modal Continuous I could be swimming at the beach right now. Modal Perfect I could have swum at the beach yesterday. Modal Perfect Continuous I could have been swimming at the beach instead of working in the office. |
Passive Modal Simple The room should be cleaned once a day. Passive Modal Continuous The room should be being cleaned now. Passive Modal Perfect The room should have been cleaned yesterday. Passive Modal Perfect Continuous The room should have been being cleaned but nobody was there. (Rare form) |
Gerunds and Infinitives (Part I)
1. A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.
Examples:
Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence
Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence
I enjoy reading. object of sentence
Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."
Examples:
He enjoys not working.
The best thing for your health is not smoking.
2. Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb. The infinitive form of "learn" is "to learn." You can also use an infinitive as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.
Examples:
To learn is important. subject of sentence
The most important thing is to learn. complement of sentence
He wants to learn. object of sentence
Infinitives can be made negative by adding "not."
Examples:
I decided not to go.
The most important thing is not to give up.
3. Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. Infinitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence.
Examples:
Learning is important. normal subject
To learn is important. abstract subject - less common
The most important thing is learning. normal complement
The most important thing is to learn. abstract complement - less common
4. As the object of a sentence, it is more difficult to choose between a gerund or an infinitive. In such situations, gerunds and infinitives are not normally interchangeable. Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive.
Examples:
He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" requires a gerund.
He wants to swim. "Want" requires an infinitive.
5. Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects. (List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds)
Examples:
She suggested going to a movie.
Mary keeps talking about her problems.
6. Some verbs are followed by infinitives. (List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives)
Examples:
She wants to go to a movie.
Mary needs to talk about her problems.