- •English on municipal administration
- •Module 1 City managers and their responsibilities
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •Match Russian definitions with English terms:
- •3. Remember the pronunciation of the following geographical names:
- •4. Match the columns:
- •5. Translate the sentences paying attention to the forms and the functions of Participle I, II.
- •6. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions.
- •7. Review the terminology of the text:
- •8. Answer the following questions.
- •9. Complete the following sentences using the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •11. Remember the pronunciation of the following geographical names: Hampshire ['hæmpʃɪə] – Хэмпшир; Missouri [mɪ'zuərɪ] – Миссури.
- •12. Form derivatives according to the models.
- •Grammar
- •13. Find out Participle I, II in the sentences below, define the form and the function.
- •14. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction.
- •Reading and Analysis
- •15. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text b Responsibilities
- •16. Translate from Russian into English:
- •17. Answer the following questions.
- •19. Write a summary of the text above.
- •20. Make a brief report on the topic. Module 2 Leadership
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Match the columns:
- •Plutarch ['pluːˌta:rk] – Плутарх;
- •Grammar
- •Reading and Analysis
- •Text a Leadership and its Early History
- •7. Review the terminology of the text:
- •8. Complete the following sentences using the text.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •10. Write a summary of the text above.
- •Vocabulary
- •11. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •12. Match the columns:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •13. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text b Leadership Theories
- •Module 3 Finance management
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •Match Russian definitions with English terms:
- •3. Match the columns:
- •Grammar
- •4. Find out Infinitives in the sentences below, define the form and the function.
- •Reading and Analysis
- •5. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text a
- •6. Review the terminology of the text:
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the text.
- •8. Answer the following questions.
- •9. Write a summary of the text above.
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •11. Match the columns:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •12. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text b Working capital management
- •Module 4 Community Development
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •7. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text a Community Development
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian and then back into English.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •10. Work in pairs. Correct wrong statements.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •Vocabulary
- •12. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •13. Explain the meaning of the following word combinations:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •14. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text b Community Development
- •15. Give the answer to the question below.
- •16. Complete the sentences.
- •17. Write a summary of the text above.
- •18. Make a brief report on the topic. Module 5 Decision making
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Match the words in a with those in b.
- •3. Find the synonyms:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •4. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text a Decision making
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Find in the text the words which have an opposite meaning:
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the text.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Vocabulary
- •9. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •10. Group the words according to their morphological structure:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •13. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text b Problem Analysis vs Decision Making
- •Module 6 Performance Measurement
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •2. Choose the right word.
- •3. Work as a class and match the following verbs with nouns:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •4. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text a Performance measurement
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •7. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
- •Reading and Analysis
- •12. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text b Principles of performance measurement
- •If we don’t measure ……
- •13. Answer the following questions.
- •14. Complete the following sentences using the text.
- •15. Write a summary of the text above.
- •16. Make a brief report on the topic. Contents
13. Explain the meaning of the following word combinations:
perfect community, New Australia Movement, utopian community, local nonprofit organizations, management skills, low-income residents, municipal governments, inner city, credit unions, “top down” government programs, outstanding success, Nobel Peace Prize.
Reading and Analysis
14. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions. Text b Community Development
In the 19th century, the work of the early socialist thinker Robert Owen (1771–1851), sought to create a more perfect community. At New Lanark and at later communities such as Oneida in the USA and the New Australia Movement in Australia, groups of people came together to create utopian or intentional utopian communities, with mixed success.
In the United States in the 1960s, the term "community development" began to complement and generally replace the idea of urban renewal, which typically focused on physical development projects often at the expense of working-class communities. In the late 1960s, philanthropies such as the Ford Foundation and government officials such as Senator Robert F. Kennedy took an interest in local nonprofit organizations – a pioneer was the Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation in Brooklyn – that attempted to apply business and management skills to the social mission of uplifting low-income residents and their neighborhoods. Eventually such groups became known as "Community Development Corporations" or CDCs. Federal laws beginning with the 1974 Housing and Community Development Act provided a way for state and municipal governments to channel funds to CDCs and other nonprofit organizations. National organizations such as the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (founded in 1978 and now known as NeighborWorks America), the Local Initiatives Support Corporation (founded in 1980 and known as LISC), and the Enterprise Foundation (founded in 1981) have built extensive networks of affiliated local nonprofit organizations to which they help provide financing for countless physical and social development programs in urban and rural communities. The CDCs and similar organizations have been credited with starting the process that stabilized and revived seemingly hopeless inner city areas such as the South Bronx in New York City.
Community development in Canada has roots in the development of co-operatives, credit unions and caisses populaires. The Antigonish Movement which started in the 1920s in Nova Scotia, through the work of Doctor Moses Coady and Father James Tompkins, has been particularly influential in the subsequent expansion of community economic development work across Canada.
In the 1990s, following critiques of the mixed success of "top down" government programs, and drawing on the work of Robert Putnam, in the rediscovery of Social Capital, community development internationally became concerned with social capital formation. In particular the outstanding success of the work of Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh with the Grameen Bank, has led to the attempts to spread microenterprise credit schemes around the world. This work was honoured by the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize.