V. Прочитайте запитання до тексту. З приведених варіантів відповідей визначте літеру речення, яка містить правильну відповідь на поставлені запитання.

1. What does a planned economy mean?

a) ... one in which all the important means of production are publicly owned;

b) ... one in which there is private ownership for resources;

c) ... one in which the system of markets and prices for coordination of economic activity is used.

2. What does private ownership of property lead to?

a) ... means of production distributed among branches by central planned organ;

b) ... great inequalities of wealth;

c) ... public ownership for resources.

3. What (or whom) is economy controlled by?

a) ... the state;

b) ... individual citizens;

c) ... planning body.

Варіант 3

I. Перепишіть. Письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Пам’ятайте, що об’єктний та суб’єктний інфінітивні звороти відповідають підрядним реченням. (див. зразок виконання 1.)

1. The manager considers the results to be unsatisfactory.

2. A profit orientation is known to be a goal of all business firms.

3. The equipment to be installed will need more maintaining.

4. We want marketing managers to discuss different pricing strategies.

5. In this circumstances interest rates are likely to be high.

6. The state provides most of the services to be required by the citizens.

II. Перепишіть і письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад залежного та незалежного дієприкметникових зворотів (див. Зразок виконання 2).

1. Most industries make use of a variety of machines, each machine carrying out a different operation.

2. The person forming a company must submit several documents to the Registrar of Companies.

3. Having considered the matter we arrived at a definite decision.

4. This decision taken by many firms can lead to a recession.

5. Reading about corporations you may find some confusing terms.

6. The loans were granted by the commercial banks, the central bank strictly monitoring the situation.

III. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть українською або російською мовою наступні речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад умовних речень (див. Зразок виконання 3).

1. If the plant introduced a new equipment, its output would increase.

2. If you had been interested in this problem we should have sent you all the necessary information.

3. If he arrives two days before the opening of the conference he will have enough time to go sight-seeing.

IV. Прочитайте та усно перекладіть українською або російською мовою 2, 3 абзаци тексту. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть 1 абзац тексту. Пояснення до тексту

to hold the view – дотримуватися думки

Mixed Economies

1. We have seen that there is some use of the market mechanism in planned economies. Likewise there is some measure of state control in free market economies. Here the term mixed economy is used; it describes most of the economies in the noncommunist world. These countries are basically market economies, but all contain elements of state enterprise and governments in all of them intervene to modify the operation of market forces. They are mixtures of command and market economies.

2. In these mixed economies private property is an important institution. Supporters of the mixed system hold the view that private property provides an important incentive for people to work, save and invest. They oppose the abolition of private property and argue that it is possible to present great inequalities of wealth from arising by the appropriate government measures (e.g. heavy taxation of income and wealth).

3. The mixed economy has come into being as a result of increasing government intervention and control in capitalist countries. This development has been particularly extensive during the 20^th century. There are many reasons for this increasing ability of governments.