Устные темы

Тема 1.

1. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст.

Accounting

Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firms financial condition. Accounting records give a very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.

Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spent by the company.

One major tool for the analysis of accounting record is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.

The second set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.

2. Выпишите новые слова и выучите их. New words and expressions:

accounting - бухгалтерский учет

record - документ, запись

To record - записывать, регистрировать

to measure - измерять

transaction - сделка, банковская операция

firm’s financial condition - финансовое положение фирмы

to provide data - обеспечивать данными

creditor - кредитор

independent - независимый

income statement - отчет о доходах

balance sheet - балансовый отчет

to receive - получать

to spend - тратить

ratio analysis - анализ коэффициентов

profitability - прибыльность

Return on Investment Ratio - коэффициент возвращения

инвестиций

efficiency - эффективность

to evaluate - оценивать

value - ценность, стоимость

ownership - собственность

overall financial structure - полная финансовая структура

3. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the purpose of accounting?

2. Who uses the data provided by accounting firms?

3. What are the two types of records, which most businesses prepare?

4. What can you know analyzing the income statement and balance sheet of a company?

5. What is the purpose of ratio analysis?

6. What categories of ratios in finance do you know?

4. Прочтите и выучите следующий диалог. Performing the Contract

• Welcome to Moscow, Mr. Green, I’m glad to see you, though the occasion is not quite pleasant.

• I hope we’ll settle everything. I hear you have problems withcustoms clearance?

• Yes, you see we couldn’t clear the goods because there was a discrepancy between the bill and your invoice.

• Yes, I’ve seen to that, everything will be all right. Anything else?

• Yes, in the first consignment some items proved to be of inferior quality and there was a short-delivery of 10 pieces.

• My best apologies. May I have a copy of your report? It’s the first complaint we’ve ever had from your companies. We’ll arrange for immediate shipment of short-delivered items and replace the inferior ones.

• Good. But I’m afraid we’ll have to revise some parts of the contract.

though - хотя

occasion - повод, случай

customs clearance - таможенная очистка

discrepancy - несоответствие

bill - счет

invoice - счет-фактура, накладная

I’ve seen to that - я уже занимался этим

сonsignment - партия товара

item - единица наименования

inferior quality - более низкое качество

short-delivery - недопоставка

complaint - претензия

to replace - заменить

to revise - пересматривать