II. Match these words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.

a) to establish a system 1) рабочие (служащие)

b) a category (of law) 2) принимать вид кодекса

c) the principle source of law 3) применять наказание

d) to deal with 4) основной источник права

e) the right in property 5) отрасль (права)

f) rule of law 6) право на имущество

g) industrial (office) workers 7) иметь дело с, заниматься

h) to arise from 8) основная (специальная) часть

i) individual types of crimes 9) устанавливать систему

j) to apply punishment 10) возникать из

k) to take the form of a code 11) индивидуальные виды преступлений

l) a general (special) part 12) норма права

III. Find the answers to the following questions.

1. What is law?

2. What is the main aim of law?

3. What is the difference between civil law and public law?

4. What categories of law does the system of law in Russia consist of?

5. What is the principal source of constitutional law?

6. What category of law is closely connected with constitutional law?

7. What does criminal law define?

8. What form does criminal law take?

9. What does international law regulate?

10. What category of law deals with some spheres of financial activity?

11. What is civil law connected with?

12. What rules does employment law include?

Text III: judicial system of the usa

I. Read and translate the text.

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the US and it meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington. It’s a beautiful building of white marble. Above the main entrance the words are written “Equal Justice Under Law”. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the USA and eight Associate Justices. They are all appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress or any order issued by the President. This right of veto is widely used to block the passage of any progressive bills.

The USA is divided into eleven judicial circuits and each one is served with a Federal Court of Appeals. As a rule the Court of Appeals sits with three judges on the bench. There are about ninety district courts in different parts of the United States. The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal Court system. Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts. The district court is the only Federal court where trials are held, juries are used, and witnesses are called.

There are about two hundred district judges in the USA. Cases tried in the district court may be appealed in one of the eleven Courts of Appeal and in the Supreme Court. The decision of the Supreme Court is final.

In the USA the judiciary is divided into the federal and state judiciary. Jurisdiction of particular courts or judges is determined by either the national or state constitutions and laws. The state courts are organized in a system that looks like the system of Federal Courts with a Supreme Court at the top. In most of the states the lowest courts are the magistrates, or police courts.