5.Выберите правильную форму глагола.

In 1209 several hundred students and scholars ... at the little town of Cambridge from Oxford. 1. arrive; 2. had arrived; 3. has arrived; 4. arrived.

6. Расположите предложения в порядке изложения информации в тексте. 1. They formed a new university. 2. At that time some students who had had trouble with Oxford townsfolk came there. 3. Life in Oxford and Cambridge was strict. 4. The story of Cambridge University began in 1209. 5. Oxford and Cambridge are most highly thought of. 6. Books were scarce and all the lessons were in the Latin language.

Higher Education in Great Britain.

For seven hundred years Oxford and Cambridge universities dominated the British education. Scotland had four universities, all founded before 1600. Wales only acquired a university in the 20^th century; it consisted of four university colleges located in different cities. The first English university after Oxford and Cambridge (sometimes referred to as Oxbridge) was Durham in the North of England, founded in 1832. The University of London was founded a few years later in 1836.

During the 19^th century institutions of higher education were founded in most of the biggest industrial cities, like Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield (sometimes called the Redbrick universities). At first they did not have full university status but were known as university colleges; since 1945, however, all have become independent universities, and in recent years a number of other universities have been founded.

In the middle 60s there was a further new development. Some of the local technical colleges maintained by local authorities had gained special prestige. By 1967 ten of these had been given charters as universities. Many of them are in the biggest cities where were already established universities.

British universities are roughly divided into three main groups: the old universities; the redbrick universities, which include all the provincial universities of the period 1850-1930, as well as London University; the new universities, founded after the Second World War. In the group of old universities Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest ones. These two universities differ greatly from all the others in general organization, methods of instructions, syllabuses, traditions, history, etc. They are based on colleges.

In Oxbridge, part of the teaching is by means of lectures and any student may attend any university lecture. At the beginning of each term (there are three terms in the Oxbridge academic year) a list is published showing all the lectures being given during the term within each faculty, and every student can choose which lectures he will attend, though his own college tutor will advise him which lectures seem likely to be more useful. Attendance at lectures is not compulsory, and no records of attendance are kept. Apart from lectures, teaching is by means of the “tutorial system”, which is a system of individual tuition organized by the colleges. Each teacher or Fellow in a college is tutor in his own subject to the undergraduates who are studying it. Each student goes to his tutor’s room once every week to read out an essay he has written, and for an hour he and the tutor discuss the essay. A student does not necessarily go only to his tutor but he may be assigned to another tutor in his own college or in another college when he is studying some particular topic which is outside the special interest of his own tutor. The course of study at a university lasts three or four years. In general Bachelor’s degree, the first academic degree, is given to the students who pass their examinations at the end of the course: Bachelor of Arts, for history, philosophy, language and literature, etc., Bachelor of Science or Commerce or Music. Bachelor’s degrees are at two levels, Honours and Pass. Honours degrees are first, second or third class, and usually only about 5 per cent of the students are placed in the first class.

All British universities are private, that is not state-controlled institutions. Each has its own governing council, including some local businessmen and politicians as well as a few academics. Students have to pay for their education, university hostel, examinations, books, laboratories, the use of libraries, etc.

Besides universities there are polytechnics, numerous colleges for more specialized needs, such as teacher training, agriculture, economy, art and design, and law; a few hundred technical colleges providing part-time and full-time education. The Polytechnics, like the universities, offer the first and higher degrees. The polytechnics and some colleges provide sandwich courses. It is such a type of education where there are alternate periods of full-time employment and full-time education. Sandwich courses were introduced after the war and they are very popular in Great Britain now.

Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы

1. What universities were the first English universities?

2. When did Wales acquire a university?

3. When was the University of London founded?

4. Where were institutions of higher learning founded during the 19^th century?

5. What institutions had become universities by 1967? Where are they located?

6. What are British universities made up of?

7. How can British universities be divided?

8. What are the main differences between the old and other universities?

9. How is tuition organized in Oxbridge?

10. What degree does a university graduate generally receive?

11. How long does the course of study at a university last?

12. What is the financial status of British universities and colleges?

Найдите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний Посредством ( при помощи); методы обучения; присуждать степень бакалавра; высшее учебное заведение; включать провинциальные университеты; в начале каждого семестра; посещение лекций; отличаются от других; система обучения под руководством преподавателя (тьютора); выбрать какие лекции посетить; помимо лекций; частное учебное заведение; устав.

Выберите ответ на следующий вопрос

What are sandwich courses like?

1. The structure of higher education in Great Britain is very complex.

2. There are several types of institutions – universities, polytechnics, colleges for specialized needs.

3. It is such a type of education where there are alternate periods of full-time employment and full-time education.

Дополните предложения, используя варианты, данные во второй части упражнения.

A 1.Oxford and Cambridge are...2. During the 19^th century institutions of higher education... 3. Ten of the local technical colleges ... 4. British universities ...5. Oxford and Cambridge ... 6. In Oxbridge any student ... 7. A student’s tutor ...8. At the beginning of each term ... 9. The Bachelor’s degree ... 10. All British universities ... 11. The Politechnics ... 12. “Tutorial system” .

B. 1. ...may be divided into three main groups. 2. ...were founded in most of the biggest industrial centers...3. ...is a college teacher planning the student’s work and supervising the student’s study. 4. ... sometimes referred to as Oxbridge. 5. ...is a system of individual tuition organized by the colleges. 6. ...is given to the students who pass their examinations at the end of the course. 7. ... offer the first and higher degrees. 8. ...had been given charters as universities by 1967. 9. ...may attend any university lecture. 10. ...a list is published showing all the lectures being given during the term within each faculty. 11. ...have their own governing councils including some local businessmen, politicians as well as a few academics. 12. ... differ greatly from all the others in general organization, traditions, methods of instruction, etc.

University of Cambridge.

The University of Cambridge is a public research university in Cambridge, England. It is the second oldest university in both England and the English – speaking world, and the seventh-oldest globally. The University grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge that was formed in 1209, early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk. The two “ancient universities” have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other. Academically Cambridge ranks as one of the top universities in the world. Graduates of the University have won a total of 61 Nobel Prizes and academic staff of the University – 52 Nobel Prizes, second most of any academic institution (after Columbia University).

Cambridge is a collegiate university, meaning that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its own property and income. Colleges are responsible for ensuring that lectures are given, arranging seminars, performing research and determining the syllabi for teaching. The colleges are in charge of student accommodation and finding most extracurricular activities. Together with the central administration headed by the Vice-Chancellor, they make up the entire University. All students are attached to a college. Colleges’ importance lies in the housing, welfare, social functions, and undergraduate teaching, they provide. All faculties, departments, research centers and laboratories belong to the university, which arranges lectures and awards degrees. Each college appoints its own teaching staff. Cambridge has 31 colleges of which three admit women only. The other colleges are mixed. In addition to the 31 colleges the University is made up of 150 departments, faculties, schools and other institutions. Members of these are usually also members of one or more of the colleges and responsibility for running the entire academic programme of the university is divided among them.

Cambridge has a lot of research departments. During the 1990s Cambridge added a substantial number of new specialist-research laboratories on several University sites in and around the city. The University is a member of the Russel Group, a network of research-led British universities; the League of European Research Universities; it is also considered part of the “Golden Triangle”, a geographical concentration of UK university research. The University is also closely linked with the development of the high-tech business cluster in and around Cambridge, which form the area known as “Silicon Fen” or sometimes the “Cambridge Phenomenon.”

The principal method of teaching at Cambridge colleges is the supervision. These are typically weekly hour-long sessions in which small groups of students – usually between one and three - meet with a member of the university’s teaching staff or a doctoral student. Students are normally required to complete an essay or assignment in advance of the supervision, which they discuss with the supervisor during the session, along with any difficulties they have had with the material presented in that week’s lectures. Typically, students receive between one and four supervisions per week. However the number of supervisions varies according to subject and college, it can often be the case that a student may receive more supervisions in one college than a student reading the same subject in another college. This teaching system is often cited as being unique to Cambridge and Oxford (where “supervisions” are known as “tutorials”).

The application system to Cambridge and Oxford involves additional requirements, with candidates typically called to face-to-face interviews. How applicants perform in the interview process is an important factor in determining which students are accepted. At least three A-level qualifications are required. Due to a very high proportion of applicants receiving the highest school grades, the interview process is crucial for distinguishing between the most able candidates.

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний Имеют много общего; под руководством; соперничают друг с другом с давних времен; самоуправляющиеся и имеющие самостоятельный доход колледжи; отвечают за выполнение исследований; определяют учебные программы и расписание; присуждают степени; еженедельные практические занятия с преподавателем (тьютором); требуется выполнить задание заранее перед практическим занятием; также тесно связан с; дополнительные требования; собеседование имеет решающее значение; абитуриент; учебное заведение; обучение под руководством преподавателя (тьютора).

Дайте ответы на . вопросы, используя информацию из текста

1. What is the Cambridge University made up of?

2. What are colleges the University responsible for?

3. How many colleges does the University have?

4. Are all colleges mixed?

5. Who is the central administration of the University headed by?

6. What is the principal method of teaching in the Cambridge University?

7. What are students usually required to complete in advance of the supervision?

8. What do the students discuss during weekly sessions with their supervisors?

9. What is every college in charge of?

10. Is the number of supervisions the same in every college?

11. What does the application system to Cambridge involve?

12. Why is the face-to-face interview crucial?

13. What area is known as “Cambridge Phenomenon”?

Укажите, какие из данных утверждений неверны. Дайте правильную информацию.

1. Cambridge was formed by scholars leaving Oxford because the life there was very strict.

2. Oxford and Cambridge have many common features.

3. Each college in Cambridge has its own property and income.

4. The central administration of the University appoints the teaching staff of the colleges.

5. A supervisor is usually a member of the university’s teaching staff.

6. Typically, students receive only one supervision per week.

7. The Colleges are in charge of finding most extracurricular activities.

8. Cambridge is the only university in England that has supervision as the principal method of teaching.

9. A crucial factor in determining which students are accepted is the highest school grades.

Выберите ответ на следующий вопрос.

What does “supervision” imply?

1. providing weekly hour-long sessions the number of which varies according to subject and college.

2. discussing with the supervisor any difficulties the students have with the material presented in the week’s lectures.

3. organizing and controlling the student’s work, reporting to the administration on the success of the student, giving marks to students.

4. performing research, ensuring that lectures are given, arranging seminars.

Дополните предложения.

1. The Cambridge University is the second...

2. The Cambridge University ranks as...

3. The University is made up of...

4. Colleges provide...

5. Every week the students meet with...

6. During the weekly sessions students...

7. In Oxford the teaching system is...

8. Applicants to the Cambridge University must...

9. The University is a member of...

10. The “Silicon Fen” is...

.

Higher Education in Canada.

Canadian universities have a long record of providing an accessible university education to students from across Canada and around the world. Reflecting the rich history, many cultures and traditions, Canadian universities offer a mix of opportunities in a variety of educational settings. The 89 universities that are members of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada are located across the country, with institutions in every Canadian province. Taken together, they offer a wide range of courses.

In addition to universities, Canada’s postsecondary system includes 175 community colleges, which respond to the training needs of business, industry and the public service, as well as the educational needs of vocationally oriented secondary school graduates. These colleges, also known as institutes of technology, university colleges historically offered diplomas and certificates rather than degrees. Today, some offer degrees themselves, and a number offer university transfer programs or provide programs jointly with neighboring universities.

Universities in Canada range from large urban, multi-campus and research-intensive universities, offering a wide range of undergraduate, graduate and professional programs, to small liberal arts colleges with a focus on undergraduate education. Others provide specialized professional programs in fields such as business, engineering, art and design or agriculture.

Three universities are devoted entirely to distance education – a field in which Canada, a country of vast spaces and outstanding achievements in telecommunications, is a world leader. In fact, most universities of Canada offer a wide selection of courses through distance education, with formats ranging from traditional print or audiotape correspondence courses, to teleconference or computer conferences. Support systems for students who study at a distance are common, including study skills seminars, tutorial assistance by phone, fax or computer, and direct online links to campus libraries.

In addition to their teaching universities play a vital role in their local communities, offering concerts and plays, day care centers, sports and fitness facilities, lectures, museums, on-campus radio stations and art galleries open to all.

Research is central to the mission of Canadian universities. In fact, 25% of Canada’s research capacity is found in the universities – a far higher proportion than in most other countries. Students at Canadian universities are frequently involved in research projects, often during their early undergraduate years. Professors see research as an integral component to their classroom teaching.

A wide range of student services is offered by most universities, including special tutoring in writing and math skills, help in finding off-campus housing, academic career or personal counseling and health services. Many universities provide support to students with special needs, including single parents, women, those with physical or learning disabilities, aboriginal students, and students of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Special programs are also often available to help first-year students improve their chances for success at university. Some offer courses aimed at integrating students to university life and studies. Many universities provide such assistance throughout the academic year.

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний

Часто привлекают к участию в научно-исследовательских проектах; кроме университетов; студент, который еще не имеет степени бакалавра; дистанционное обучение; считают научно-исследовательскую работу неотъемлемой частью; выдающиеся достижения; помощь тьютора по телефону; в таких областях как; обеспечивать доступное университетское образование; кроме университетов; курсы направленные на вовлечение студентов в университетскую жизнь и занятия.

Выберите ответы на данные вопросы.

1. What do Canadian universities provide?

1. university transfer programs; b) vocationally oriented programs;

c) an accessible university education;

2. What institutions does Canada’s postsecondary system include?

1. specialized professional programs; b) a new model of postsecondary education;

c) community colleges;

3. What do support systems for students who study at a distance include?

a) university transfer programs, diplomas and certificates;

b) tutorial assistance by phone, fax or computer and direct online links to campus libraries;

c) programs with a focus on undergraduate education;

4. What are students in Canadian universities frequently involved?

a) in research projects; b) in extracurricular activities; c) in a wide selection of courses;

5. What is an integral component to the classroom teaching?

a) graduate programs; b) research work; c) vocationally oriented programs;

Составьте предложения.

1. 1.Canadian universities provide...

2.Universities of Canada range from...

3. Community colleges respond to ...

4. In addition to their teaching Canadian universities offer ...

5. The universities in Canada provide ...

6. Special programs are available ...

B. 1. the training needs of business, industry and the public services.

2. support to students with special needs.

3. to help first-year students improve their chance for success at university.

4. education to students from across Canada and around the world.

5. large urban multi-campus and research-intensive universities to small liberal arts colleges.

6. concerts and plays, day care centers, sports and fitness facilities, lectures, museums in their local communities.

Найдите неправильное утверждение. Дайте верную информацию.

1.Canadian universities provide a full spectrum of undergraduate, graduate and professional programs.

2. Community colleges respond to the training needs of industry, business, public service as well as the educational needs of vocationally oriented school graduates.

3. Institutes of technology provide programs jointly with neighboring university.

4. Today, institutes of technology offer their graduates diplomas and certificates.

Расположите предложения в соответствии с ходом изложения информации в тексте

1. The universities play a vital role in their local communities.

2. Research is an integral part of the teaching process.

3. Universities provide support to single parents, women, people with learning or physical disabilities, part-time students.

4. Canada is a world leader in distance education.

5. There are large urban, research intensive universities and small colleges offering undergraduate education or specialized professional programs.

6. The universities taken together offer a wide range of courses.

7. Many universities provide special programs aimed at integrating first-year students to university life and studies.

8. In Canada universities are located across the country, with institution in every province.

The Cambridge University Libraries

Cambridge has more than 100 libraries. The University Library is the central research library, which holds over 8 million volumes and in contrast with the British Library, many of its books are available on open shelves. It is a legal deposit library, therefore it is entitled to request a free copy of every book published in the UK and Ireland. It receives around 80,000 books every year. In addition to the University Library and its dependent libraries, every faculty has a specialized library, which, on average, holds from 30,000 to 150,000 books. Also, every college has a library as well, partially for the purposes of undergraduate teaching, and the older colleges often possess many early books, in a separate library. Trinity College has, for example, more than 200,000 books printed before 1800. The total number of books owned by the university is about 13 million.

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний Доступный, получать, общее число, исследование, кроме, приблизительно, цель, публиковать, печатать, в открытом доступе, принадлежащий, владеть ( обладать), иметь право на.

Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы

1. How many books does the University Library receive every year?

2. What books do the older colleges possess? Where do they keep them?

3. What is the total number of books owned by the University?

4. What kind of library has every faculty?

5. Why is a copy of every book published in the UK and Ireland sent to the University Library?

6. How many libraries does the Academy have?

7. Do you know what the total number of books owned by the Academy is?

Укажите, какие из приведенных утверждений являются неверными. Дайте верную информацию.

1. The University Library is a legal deposit library.

2. Every college has a library of early books.

3. The University receives a free copy of every book published in the European countries.

4. Every college has a library for the purposes of undergraduate teaching.

5. Many books are available on open shelves in the British Library.

Higher Education in the USA.

There is no national system of higher education in the United States. Higher education is given in colleges and universities. There are over 2100 various higher educational institutions, including colleges, technological institutes and universities. The average college course of study is 4 years. The academic year is usually 9 months or 2 terms (semesters) of four and a half months each. Classes usually begin in September and end in June. The first- year students are called freshmen. Students choose a major subject and take many courses in this subject. After four years they get a traditional Bachelor’s degree. Then the students may go on to graduate school and with a year or two of further study get a Master’s degree. After another year or two of study and research, they may get a still higher degree as Doctor of Philosophy ( Ph. D ). The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term-papers and final examinations in each course. The student’s work is given a mark, usually on a five point scale. Letters indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark, “F” denotes a failure. Most American colleges and universities charge for tuition. The methods of instruction in the universities are lectures, discussions, laboratory works and seminars. Most cities have colleges or universities that hold classes at night as well as in daytime. In this way people may work for a degree or just take a course in the subject that interests them.

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний

Учебный курс; занятия; включая; также как; профилирующий предмет; получить степень магистра; успеваемость студента; обозначает; курсовая работа; по пятибалльной шкале; методы обучения; проводить занятия; старшие курсы.

Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы

1. Is there a national system of higher education in the USA?

2. How many higher educational institutions are there in the United States?

3. How long does the average college course of study last?

4. How many terms are there in the academic year?

5. Are the first-year students called graduates or freshmen?

6. What is the first traditional degree?

7. What must the students do to get a Master’s degree?

8. How is the student’s progress evaluated?

9. What methods of instruction are there in the universities?

10. What classes do colleges and universities hold?

11. Is tuition free in American higher educational institutions?

12. What kinds of higher educational institutions are there in the USA? Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания. 1.Higher education in the USA... a) are called freshmen. 2. Classes usually ... b) many courses in the major subject. 3. The first-year students ... c) hold classes at night as well as in daytime. 4. After four years of study... d) is given in colleges and universities. 5. The student’s progress ... e) lectures, lecture discussions, laboratory ................................................. and course works, and seminars. 6. Most colleges and universities... f) begin in September and ends in June. 7. Students take ... g) the students get a Bachelor’s degree. 8. The methods of instruction are... i) is evaluated by means of tests, term works ................................................. and final examinations.

Oxford – the University Town. The town of Oxford is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 911 A.D. The oldest university there is Oxford. The university’s oldest charter is dated in 1213. The University now has thirty five colleges and about thirteen thousand students, many of them are from other countries. There were no women at Oxford until 1878, when the first women’s college “Lady Margaret Hall” opened. Now most colleges are open to men and women. It is not easy to get a place at Oxford University to study for a degree. But outside the University there are many smaller private colleges which offer less difficult courses and where it is easier to enroll. Most students in these private schools take business, secretarial or English language courses. Oxford is, of course, famous for its first-class education as well as its beautiful buildings. Some of the most intelligent men and women in the country live and work here. Oxford gives them what they need: a quiet atmosphere, friendly colleagues and four-hundred-year-old library that has about five million books. Within the college one will normally find a chapel, a dining hall, a library, rooms for undergraduates, tutors and the Master (the head of the college), and also rooms for teaching purposes. You can see there many lovely gardens where the students can read and relax in the summer months. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы

1. How many colleges has the Oxford University?

2. When was the first women’s college opened?

3. Is Oxford the only higher school in the University town?

4. What is the Oxford University famous for?

5. What can Oxford give to students and teachers?

6. What can one find within each college? Дополните предложения

1. The University of Oxford is the ...university in Great Britain. a) earliest; b) first-class; c) oldest;

2. Now the University has about 13,000 students, ...

a) studying for Master’s degree; b) many of them from overseas; c) taking business courses;

3. Some of the most intelligent men and women ... live and work in Oxford. a) from other countries; b) in the country; c) of the teaching staff;

4. There are many ...colleges outside the University. a) high-standard; b) private; c) state-controlled;

5. The University’s ... five million books. a) colleges; b) faculties; c) library;

6. Each college is ... by a Master. a) operated; b) supervised; c) governed;

Найдите неправильное утверждение.

1. The University was only for men until 1878.

2. The University’s earliest charter is dated to 1213.

3. The University’s library is one of the richest and oldest libraries in the world.

4. The first women’s college is called “ All Souls.”

5. Each college is governed by a Master.

Higher Education in the USA.(2)

1. The type of degree-awarding institutions may be categorized by three aspects – public or private, two-or four-year, non-profit or for-profit. They are typically divided into the following groups: public two-year institutions (e.g. community colleges), public four-year institutions (e.g. universities, colleges), private two-year institutions (e.g. junior colleges), and private four-year institutions (e.g. research universities, liberal arts colleges). Higher education institutions in the United States are organized and licensed or chartered as non-profit or for- profit corporations, regardless of whether they are public or private. These corporate entities are governed by boards of trustees, who are citizens appointed by a governor or elected by the board itself (private institutions). Public institutions, in addition to having governing boards appointed by state authorities, also receive some annual allocation of state budget funds. Private institutions are independent of state control even though they are licensed by state governments. They may be non-profit or for-profit, and may be secular or affiliated with a religious community. Some private institutions may be authorized by state governments to receive state operating funds and to provide some public services.

2. The US higher education includes institutions with a wide range of admission selectivity, from open-access two-and four-year institutions that admit all students to highly selective research universities and liberal arts colleges that admit only a small fraction of those who apply. Admissions decisions at selective institutions are based on a fixed set of academic criteria, including high school coursework, grade point average and class rank, and admissions test score, as well as a more flexible set of non-academic characteristics, such as demonstrated leadership ability, creativity, and community service. The admissions decisions at highly selective institutions are so complex and consider so many factors.

3. Two-year colleges and a small number of four-year institutions grant associate degrees. Associate degrees may represent a degree in a vocational field or may prepare students to complete a bachelor’s degree at a four-year institution. Credits earned in associate degree programs can be transferred to bachelor’s degree programs under certain conditions. The transfer of credits from associate degree programs to bachelor’s degree programs are usually governed by agreements between institutions. Unlike a certificate or a diploma the associate degree is a recognized higher education degree. US bachelor’s degrees are usually planned to take 4 academic years of full-time study to complete. However, many degrees take longer to complete, including those in engineering, architecture, medicine and other fields; and many bachelor’s degrees are completed in less than 4 years by highly qualified and motivated students. The bachelor’s degree should prepare students for entry-level jobs as well as for possible advanced study. The Master’s degree is the first graduate-level qualification, or second cycle degree. In the US higher education system Master’s degrees generally take two years to complete, but the time period may be shorter or longer, depending on how the degree program is structured, whether the student is enrolled full-time or part-time, the degree requirements and the prior preparation of the student. The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) represents the highest academic qualification in the US education system. Students admitted to doctoral programs must complete all qualifying graduate-level coursework and participate in doctoral seminars and colloquia. Students who complete these requirements at a satisfactory level must then pass written examinations that cover their chosen research specialization plus two or more specialties, one of which is often in a related subject area. The doctoral degree is given for the dissertation and for a public oral examination defending the dissertation.

4. First-professional degrees represent a category of qualifications in professional subject areas that require students to have previously completed specified undergraduate coursework and/or degrees before enrolling. They are considered graduate-level programs in the US education system. A first-professional degree is an award that requires completion of a program that meets all of the following criteria: (1) completion of the academic requirements to begin practice in the profession; (2) at least 2 years of college work prior to entering the program; and (3) a total of at least 6 academic years of college work to complete the degree program, including prior required college work plus the length of the professional program itself. The US higher education system awards intermediate graduate qualifications that represent studies and research beyond the Master’s degree but are not the equivalent of the Doctor’s degree. Most of these qualifications are in professional fields of study and represent a level of education corresponding to advanced professional standing.

5. The US federal government does not have any direct authority over US education. The Constitution does not mention education as a general responsibility, the federal government plays a limited role and the US has never had an education ministry. Public and private higher education institutions enjoy more autonomy and are more internally self-governing than are schools. Nevertheless, state governments issue charters to institutions, regulate standards and quality to varying degrees, and may have regulatory authority over various aspects of the operation of public institutions.

6. A wide array of government and private financial aid programs provides assistance to students based on both financial need and academic merit. Financial aid tp students includes federal grants, loans and tax credits, state grants and grants provided by colleges and universities, as well as private organizations. Federal student aid is financial help for students enrolled in eligible programs at participating schools to cover school (a four-year or two-year public or private educational institution) expenses, including tuition and fees, room, books and transportation. The two most common types of aid are grants and loans. Grants are a type of financial aid that doesn’t have to be repaid. Generally, grants are for undergraduate students and the grant amount is based on need, cost of attendance and enrollment status. Usually Federal grants range from $ 890 to $ 4,500. Federal supplemental educational opportunity grants range from $ 100 to $ 4,000. Loans are borrowed money that must be repaid with interest. Both undergraduate and graduate students may borrow money. Maximum loan amounts depend on the student’s year in school.

Укажите, в каком абзаце говорится о:

1. First professional degrees and intermediate degrees.

2. Authority responsible for higher education.

3. Types and degree-awarding institutions.

4. Aid to students.

5. Student admission.

6. Type of academic degrees, terms of study and completion requirements.

Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний.

Получать ежегодное ассигнование из бюджетных средств штата; может быть светским

(учебное заведение) или быть связанным с религиозной общиной; разнообразие систем отбора при приеме в высшее учебное заведение; принимать ( в учебное заведение) только малую часть тех, кто поступает; находятся под управлением совета попечителей; исследование под руководством научного руководителя; извлекающие доход (коммерческие) или не ставящие своей целью извлечение доходов (некоммерческие) университетские корпорации; удостоверение о прохождении какого-либо курса в учебном заведении; имеющие самоуправление сообщества; сдавать экзамены по профилирующей дисциплине.

Дайте развернутые ответы на вопросы

1. What groups are degree-awarding institutions typically divided into?

2. How are higher education institutions in the United States organized?

3. Who are they governed by?

4. What are admissions decisions based on?

5. What does financial aid to students include?

6. How is the authority over higher education exercised and coordinated?

7. What degrees are awarded by higher education institutions?

Выберите соответствующие определения.

1. The Bachelor’s degree a) represent a category of qualifications in professional subject

areas and require students to have previously completed specified

coursework and/or degrees before enrolling.

2. An Associate degree b) represents the highest academic qualification, and is given for

the preparation of a dissertation and passing a final exam.

3. The Master’s degree c) represents studies and research beyond the master’s degree but

That are not the equivalent of a research doctorate.

4. The Doctor of Philosophy d) is awarded in academic or professional subjects and technical

Programs. It’s an award that requires completion of an

Organized program of study of at least 2 but less than 4 years of

full academic study.

5. First Professional Degrees e) is the first graduate level qualification, that takes two years to

complete. It usually requires the completion of required

graduate-level courses and seminars, passing examinations in

the major subfield of research.

6. Intermediate Graduate f) may be defined as an award that normally require at least but

Qualifications not more than 5 years of full-time equivalent college level work

Докажите правильность или ошибочность следующих утверждений. 1. Higher education institutions are governed by boards of trustees.

2. Private institutions are independent of state control.

3. The US higher education includes open-access institutions.

4. Associate degrees may prepare students to complete a master’s degree.

5. Students admitted to doctoral programs must complete preliminary requirements.

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