TPA Dc. 2014 BOOK 3_CLIMATE CHANGE

Global Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions

CO2 Energy # 31 Gt

CO2 FOLU # 4 Gt

Source: IPCC 5th Assessment Synthesis Report November 2014
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Stocks & Net Carbon Flux Earth/Atmosphere (GtC/year)

IPCC Analysis 2001

8.4 Gt in 2012

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Anthropic Emissions of Carbon Dioxyde (GtC)

8.4 Gt in 2012

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CO2 Emissions vs type of Fuels for Energy Simple chemical formulas

Combustion of carbon:		CO2/t
C (12g) + O2	CO2 (44g)	x 3,67
Combustion of methane:
CH4 (16g) + 2O2	CO2 (44g) + 2H2O	x 2,75
Combustion of alcanes (examples):
C8H18 (114g) + 25/2O2	8CO2 (352g) + 9H2O	x 3,09

Fossiles energy combustion:

1 t of fossile generates between 2,7 and 3,7 t of CO2

In 2011, world consumption # 13,1 Gtoe of which 10,7 Gtoe fossiles (82%). CO2 emissions # 31 Gt (x 3,0)

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Composition of Atmosphere

Nitrogen (N2)	:	78%
Oxygen (O2)	:	21%
Others	: 1% out of which:

Argon	:	0,9%
Carbon Dioxyde (CO2) :		0,039% # 390 ppm

A minor variation of CO2 content in the atmosphere has important consequences in term of greenhouse effect.

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CO2 concentration in the atmosphere

• Post industrial revolution # 270 ppm

• 1958

# 320 ppm

• 2013

# 400 ppm

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Human activities modify Greenhouse Effect

Carbon dioxyde

It is indeed a combustion !

Oxygen

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27

Climate Change:

the Earth’s evolving temperature

Variation in global temperatures over 1000 years (in °C) The zero reference is the period 1961-1990

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

0.5

0.0

-0.5

- 1.0

Données provenant de thermomètres (en rouge), de cercles de croissance des arbres, de coraux, de carottes glaciaires et d’enregistrements historiques (en bleu)

1 000		1 200		1 400		1 600		1 800		2 000
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Global Impacts on Land & Ocean

Source: IPCC 5th Assessment Synthesis Report November 2014
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Impacts on surface temperature, sea ice extent and mean sea level

Source: IPCC 5th Assessment Synthesis Report November 2014
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