IV. Brush up your grammar

A. Grammar Folio:

Complex Object

(Сложноедополнение)

Первая часть комплекса – личное местоимение в объектном падеже или существительное (неопределённое местоимение) в общем падеже. Вторая часть комплекса – инфинитив. Комплекс выполняет функцию сложного дополнения и употребляется:

1) После глаголов, выражающих желание: to want, to like, to preferи др.

He wants us to help him. (Он хочет, чтобы мы ему помогли.)

2) После глаголов, выражающих умственную деятельность: to think, to

expect, to know, to believe, и др.

I know him to be a very good specialist. ( Я знаю, что он очень хороший

специалист.)

I believe him to have made the right decision. (Я верю, что он принял

верное решение.)

3. После глаголов чувственного восприятия: to feel, to hear, to see, и

др. частица to не употребляется. После глаголов восприятия может

употребляться также причастие.

Have you heard him tell a lie? (Вы слышали когда-нибудь, чтобы он

лгал?)

I felt somebody touch my shoulder. (Я почувствовал, как кто-то коснулся

моего плеча.)

I saw him approaching the house. (Я видел, как он подходил к дому.)

4. После глаголов, выражающих побуждение. Их два вида: 1) те, после

которых инфинитив употребляется с частицей to: to tell, to order, to

cause, to ask и др. 2) те, после которых инфинитив употребляется без

частицы to: to make(заставлять), to have(заставлять), to let

(позволять).

1) I have never asked you to help me. (Я никогда не просил вас помогать

мне.)

The manager told his assistant to prepare a report. (Менеджер велел

своему помощнику подготовить отчёт.)

2) Let her ring you up. (Пусть она вам позвонит.)

I’ll have him come. (Я заставлю его придти.)

What makes you think so? ( Что заставляет вас так думать?)

Конструкция «инфинитив с предлогом for» состоит из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже и инфинитива и вводится предлогом for.

Here are some books for you to read. (Здесь для вас есть книги.)

We waited for the secretary to come. (Мы ждали, пока придёт

cекретарь).

B. Exercises

1. Paraphrase the following sentences using complex objects with the

infinitive.

> Pattern: I think that he is a strong leader.

I think him to be a strong leader.

1. I believe that you are wrong.

2. I know that she is very hard-working.

3. The General Manager considers that Michael is the best specialist in

ecological problems.

4. We expect that the company will develop an innovative approach to

reducing pollution.

5. I can’t believe that she has invested in a shady company.

6. They knew that the new accountant was a clever and honest man.

7. Everybody expected that returns on investment will be as high as 150% per year.

8. I suppose that Mrs. Douglas is about forty.

9. We suspect that he has used the company’s earnings for personal gain.

10. They thought he was a whistle-blower.

2. Paraphrase the following using complex object.

>Pattern: She wants the book back. Bring it tomorrow.

She wants you to bring the book back tomorrow.

1. The President of the company will arrive next Monday. We expect him.

2. Emma is afraid it may happen again. She doesn’t want it.

3. You must promise not to do such things again. I want it.

4. She loses much time in talking. I don’t want her.

5. You mustn’t say such things to them. I don’t like it.

6. Don’t make an unethical decision. We don’t want it.

7. The company will lower its cleanup bills. Everybody expects it.

8. You must help her with her problem. She expects it.

9. Nobody must know about our agreement. I’d like it.

10. Please, settle the matter quickly. Boss prefers you.

3. Paraphrase the sentences using complex object.

> Pattern: He watched how Nancy went away.

He watched Nancy go away.

1. He heard how the customer addressed the shop-assistant.

2. I have never heard how he spoke about his relations with the staff.

3. I saw that Bill was having lunch with Monica.

4. We felt that he was telling a lie.

5. He saw that the door opened and his secretary entered.

6. We heard how Tom said that he had done everything.

4. Translate into Russian paying special attention to complex objects.

1. You can’t make me believe that Bill is an honest man. 2.Who made you cry? 3. I don’t want to make you feel uncomfortable. 4. Don’t make me tell the truth. 5. This news made the young man smile. 6. His answer made me satisfied. 7. Nothing can make them change their mind. 8. He let me come to a decision. 9. Let me know about the results of your talks, 10. Let her decide for herself what to do. 11. Let Jack take part in the conference. 12. Let’s think about the consequences of doing nothing.

5. Insert the particle to where necessary.

1. Oh, you made me … start.

2. I heard someone …open the door.

3. Here are some papers I’d like you … look through.

4. Phillip won’t let you … have this information. It’s confidential, you know.

5. I’d like John … see me again.

6. No one had known her … feel compassion before.

7. Please let me … take your car for the night.

8. I want you … tell me about your adventure.

9. Simon liked everything … be kept in perfect order.

10. Nobody noticed Terry … leave the office.

11. I’ve never known him … talk with such authority.

12. Do you think him … be an experienced manager?

6 Fill in the blanks using prepositions fororof

1. It was necessary … you to go there at once. 2. It is characteristic … this author to write about social problems. 3. We wanted … the discussion to stop. 4. It’s … him to decide. 5. It is hard …the regulatory agencies to police investment scams. 6. It is advisable … companies to develop approaches for improving their ethics. 7. It’s been kind … you to accept my invitation. 8. I think it was honest … Peter to reject that offer. 9. I’m afraid it will be necessary … the President to deny everything in public. 10. She longed so much … people to be happy. 11. It was clever … Mr. Brown to make this proposition. 12. I’ll re-read the rule … you to understand it better.

7. Find in the dialogues (Speech Practice Ex.5) sentences with a

Complex Object and explain the use of the Complex Object in each sentence.

SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS FOR TRANSLATION

TEXT 1

PRIVATE EQUITY FINANCING

One of the biggest decisions a company must make is whether to achieve long-term financing through debt or equity. If a business is raising debt they go to the bank and get a bank loan. If a business is raising money through equity they can go to private investors. Suppose you decide to seek private financing. Where would you find investors? How would you contact them? Many people use an investment banker, a venture capitalist, or even the Internet for assistance in finding private investors. Sometimes they even look for an angel.

Venture capitalists are investment specialists who raise pools of capital from private and institutional sources to fund ventures that have a high, rapid growth potential and a need for large amounts of capital. Venture capitalists, or VCs as they’re called in entrepreneurial circles, do not simply lend money to a small business as a bank would. Instead they provide capital in return for an ownership interest (which may amount to half of the stock or more), and they frequently help run the business as well. In a typical scenario, the venture capital firm buys part of the company’s stock at a low price and later on sells it to the investing public at a much higher price.

The problem with venture capital is that it’s extremely hard to find and the price of financing through a venture capital firm is high. To catch the eye of a typical venture capitalist, you need a business with pizzazz that has the potential to reach $50 million in sales within five years and provides an annualized rate of return of 20 to 40 percent over 5 to 7 years.

Small Business Administration. If your business doesn’t fit the profile of a high-powered venture capital firm, you might be able to raise money from one of the investment firms created by the Small Business Administration. Small Business Investment Companies (SBICs) are similar in operation to venture capital firms, but they tend to make smaller investments and are willing to consider businesses that VCs may not want to finance.

Angels. Wealthy individuals are one of the most promising sources of equity financing; however, finding rich friends or so-called angels may be difficult. According to Inc. magazine, more capital is invested by angel investors today than by venture capitalists. Aside from providing financing, angels can be a great source of business expertise. For instance, Bill Gates (chairman of Microsoft) is an angel. He has invested millions of dollars in biotech start-ups such as Darwin Molecular, which is trying to create artificial molecules that attack diseases.