Іі семестр Текст 2 Doing Business in the Future

Most companies are starting to use more automation to produce more goods faster and to improve the product quality. They must do both in order to compete with other manufacturers all over the world. Maintaining large inventories is costly, so many companies are moving toward just-in-time methods that use the computer to schedule deliveries of parts just in time for use. Teamwork among all the people involved in making the product is important to its success.

The success of a business in the future will depend a lot on how it is managed. The R&D department will continue to be important in bring­ing in new ideas and new ways to produce products. Companies will need well-planned marketing strategies and ways to control company money so that the company can continue to make a profit and grow.

Computers, as we further develop their uses, will be doing many more jobs in all business areas, from administration to production to marketing. Who knows? You might even do most of your shopping at home by computer in the future. Even today, you can order a car through a computerized marketing system. You can examine the car options and then check on the car as it moves through the manufactur­ing process. Businesses will have to produce quality products quickly and efficiently in order to be successful.

Зробіть доповідь за даними темами, використовуючи подані ключові слова та схеми:

1) What is a company?

company, capital, to invest, people, to organize, factories, to produce, products, services, to sell, to make a profit.

2) Selling Products

Sales

direct sales

wholesale sales

retail sales

3) Marketing and advertising products

to sell a product, marketing department, marketing strategy, sales forecast, test marketing, advertising, brand names.

4) Types of companies

company

proprietorship

partnership

corporation

stockholders

management

administration

Personnel Department

Production Department

R and D Department

Marketing Department

а) Прочитайте текст, намагаючись його зрозумітиякомога точніше.

Текст 3

In the problem solving strategy, you spend a lot of time exploring ideas. Companies are always looking for new ideas, too. That’s because every product starts as an idea. Someone may suggest an idea or invent something to solve a particular problem. Many companies have special research and development (R and D) departments. The people who work in R and D look for new ideas, and then they develop them into products. Of course, not every idea works. Only one out of every five ideas actually works.

Research helps us gather information. There are two kinds of research – basic research and applied research. Basic research is gathering information that helps us understand things about the world around us. Sometimes the information cannot be used right away. For example, people learned how to make a laser in the 1960s, but they did not know what to do with it. Today we use lasers for many things, from supermarket pricing to surgery.

Applied research is the kind of research done to solve a particular problem. The information can be used right away. For example, people wanted to make computers smaller and more portable. To do that they needed to put more components (parts) in a smaller space.

The microchip (a tiny silicon chip containing thousands of electronic circuits) was invented to solve this problem.

Basic and applied researches use the same two methods to get information – retrieving and experimenting. Retrieving is gathering already – known information from sources such as books, people, and computers. The information is part of the knowledge base. Using this kind of information saves time because you do not have to start from scratch every time.

б) Дайте відповіді на запитання до тексту:

1. What do R and D departments deal with?

2. What do we mean by research?

3. What kinds of research do you know?

4. What is the difference between basic and applied research?

5. What methods are used to do research?

в) Дайте назву тексту.