Контрольная работа Вариант 2

Задание 1. Прочитайте диалог. Заполните пропуски в тексте, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Будьте готовы прочитать диалог по ролям и перевести его при сдаче зачёта.

Preparing a resume

Here is a talk between two acquaintances:

J: I'm ^1___ to meet you, Peter. P: I'm happy to meet you, Jack. J: So you're a ^2___ from Russia. How long have you been in New York? P: I've been living here about 10 months. J: Do you have a job? P: Yes, I do. But this is a sad story. I'm an electronics engineer without American ^3___. Now I'm a cab driver. J: Don't lose heart. If you have a good ^4___, sooner or later you'll get a job in your special field. Do you have a ^5___? P: Yes, I do. I have it with me. J: Could you show it to me? I happened to work for the ^6___ of a large company. (reading the resume) That kind of resume won't get you a high-level job. Major companies receive about 300 resumes a week. They ignore 290 of them. P: What's the ^7___ for it? J: Many ^8___ stress details that don't count. P: But my resume ^9___ my professional experience, doesn't it? J: Yes, of course. You describe yourself as an electronics engineer. That's not enough. No doubt, you have ^10___ knowledge. But what is your ^11___? What kind of ^12___ do you want? What abilities qualify you for a job as an electronics engineer? You should tell about your strengths and experiences, which will let you do that job. Your strengths should be given more space. Other information could be left out. P: Sometimes ^13___ to decide what to stress and what to leave out. J: An employer's main interest is what you can do for the company. Include information that shows that you are the ^14___ kind of person for the job. Leave out anything that might give an employer reason for passing you by. Write the other kind of resume and show it to me. P: Thank you so much. J: You are welcome. Call me as soon as your resume is ^15___.

reflects it's rather difficult reason ready position pleased newcomer personnel department job hunters resume advanced professional background experience right objective

Задание 2. Прочитайте текст и выполните упражнения.

Transportation system of japan

[1] Japan now has one of the world's most developed transport networks. Bridges or tunnels link all of Japan’s main islands. Kyushu is connected with Honshu by the world's first undersea railway tunnel (built in 1941), by an undersea double-decked road tunnel (built in 1958), and by a huge suspension bridge (opened in 1973). With the opening in 1988 of a railway tunnel between Hokkaido and Honshu and of a multiple-span railway-road bridge between Honshu and Shikoku, all four of Japan's main islands are now linked by surface transport.

[2] In Japan, there are 1,177,000 km of roads, of which 5,054 km are expressways. Japan has an extremely high density of motor vehicles per unit area in the plains and in other inhabited areas. In 2003, Japan had 433 cars for every 1,000 people. Trucks represent a much higher proportion of vehicular traffic than in other major countries. The great bulk of domestic freight transport is by truck. Many families now have two or more automobiles and are more likely to drive to a destination than in the past, resulting in road congestion in the big cities and in industrial areas. Although railways still play the major role in carrying commuters, there appears to be no practical solution to the problem of how to reduce the number of cars on the roads. The increases in noxious exhaust gases and in the noise of the traffic are serious problems. Steps taken to alleviate them include stringent pollution-control standards for automobiles and the installation of noise barriers on highways in densely populated areas.

[3] Railways play an extremely important role in passenger travel, though they continue to give way to competition from road and air transport. The first railroad in Japan, financed by the British and built by British engineers, was opened in 1872, between Tokyo and Yokohama. Although there was strong opposition to its construction, because many opposed the expansion of foreign economic and political influence, the development of a modern rail network was a farsighted goal of the government. Japanese engineers began building railroads at a rapid rate, and the railways' expansion was promoted as part of national policy.

[4] The first streetcar line was constructed in Kyōto in 1891 and used the electricity from the nation's first power station. In subsequent years Japan, unlike most other Asian countries, developed extensive interurban and suburban railroad systems; the period between the two world wars, in particular, saw the construction of many railroad lines to the suburbs to serve the needs of growing numbers of middle-income people. In 1927, the first subway was built in Tokyo's downtown district, and over time, it was expanded into one of the most extensive systems in the world. Subways subsequently were built in most of Japan's largest cities.

[5] The jewel of Japan's extensive passenger-rail system is the Shinkansen (Japanese: “New Trunk Line”), high-speed rail line between Tokyo and Fukuoka on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Kyushu. The line was built and originally operated by the Japanese National Railways (JNR); in 1987, it became one of the private companies formed from the breakup of the JNR.

[6] The first section of the Shinkansen, a 515-km stretch between Tokyo and Ōsaka known as the “New Tōkaidō Line”, was opened in 1964. Many innovations, such as the use of prestressed concrete ties and mile-long welded sections of track, were introduced in constructing this line. A 160-km extension¹ from Ōsaka to Okayama was completed in 1972, and the final segment of the line, a 393-km section between Okayama and Fukuoka, northern Kyushu, opened in 1975. Other lines radiating north of Tokyo to the cities of Niigata (270 km) and Morioka (465 km) were completed in 1982. More than 50% of the track in the Okayama-Fukuoka extension runs through tunnels; the Tokyo-Niigata line includes a tunnel 22.5 km long.

[7] About 250 trains operate daily on the Shinkansen, running at 7.5-minute intervals during the morning and evening rush hours. The fastest trains, called Hikari (“Light”), are able to make the 1,068-km trip from Tokyo to Hakata in less than 7 hours. The Hikari is an electric, multiple-unit train consisting of 16 cars designed to seat more than 1,000 passengers. It derives its electric power from an overhead wire system. The Hikari's maximum speed on the original section between Tokyo and Ōsaka is 210 km/h, but on the newer section, it reaches speeds of 260 km/h. Such high speeds have necessitated elaborate safety features. Each car, for example, is equipped with brakes consisting of cast-iron disks and metallic pad linings specially designed not to distort under emergency braking. Moreover, all movements of the train are monitored and controlled by a central computerized facility in Tokyo.

[8] Japan is one of the world's principal seagoing nations and has one of the world's largest merchant fleets with 6,842 vessels. It has engaged in seafaring since early times; but large modern trading ports were not developed until the second half of the 19th century, after the country had reopened to foreign trade following a period of near isolation from the rest of the world.

[9] Both domestic and international air transportation are important in Japan. Before World War II, air transportation was considerably restricted, but, since the foundation of Japan Air Lines (JAL), international flights have increased manifold. JAN is one of the largest air carriers in the world. The airline was founded in 1951. It was originally a private company but was reorganized in 1953 as a semigovernmental public corporation. The airline was again privatized in the late 1980s. It is headquartered in Tokyo.

[10] JAL was at first a domestic carrier, but it became an international airline in 1954, when it inaugurated flights to San Francisco. In the next 10 years, it expanded its service to Southeast Asia, other cities in the USA, Europe, India, the Middle East, and Australia. In the late 1960s, JAL began round-the-world service, and in 1970, it became the first non-Soviet airline to fly a regular route over Siberia. In the 1980s, its route network was extended to cover several cities in China. In 1987, the Japanese government decided to sell off its shares in JAL, thus releasing the airline from government control.

[11] Despite competition by railways, especially the Shinkansen, the volume of domestic air transport continues to increase. Tokyo is the main centre of the nation's domestic and international air travel, followed by Ōsaka. Other major airports are in Nagoya, Sapporo, and Fukuoka. All other metropolitan areas in Japan are connected by air routes.

Note:¹extension – ж/д ветка

Упр. 1. Письменно переведите абзацы 6 и 7.

Упр. 2. Прочитайте текст и найдите английские эквиваленты следующих фраз:

1. двухуровневый автомобильный туннель

2. висячий мост

3. многопролётный автомобильно-железнодорожный мост

4. наземный транспорт

5. вредные выхлопные газы

6. внутригородские и пригородные железнодорожные системы

7. железнодорожная система перевозки пассажиров

8. шпалы, сделанные из армированного железобетона

9. бесстыковые участки пути, длиной в милю

10. электрический мотор-вагонный поезд; электропоезд

11. система контактных (воздушных) проводов

12. меры обеспечения безопасности

13. аварийное (экстренное) торможение

14. компьютеризированный центр управления

15. торговый флот

Упр. 3. Прочитайте текст. После каждого из приведенных ниже предложений напишите "True", если оно соответствует содержанию текста, и "False", если вы не согласны с данным утверждением.

1. The world's first undersea railway tunnel built in 1941 connects Kyushu with Honshu.

2. Railways play an extremely important role in freight transportation, though they continue to give way to competition from road and air transport.

3. The first railroad in Japan, financed by the British and built by Japanese engineers, was opened in 1870, between Tokyo and Ōsaka.

4. In the period after World War II, many suburban railroad lines were constructed to serve the needs of growing numbers of rich people.

5. The fastest buses, called Hikari (“Heavy”), can make the 1,065-km trip from Tokyo to Kyoto in less than 4 hours.

6. Each car of the Hikari train is equipped with brakes consisting of steel disks and metallic pad linings specially designed not to distort under braking.

7. JAN, one of the largest air carriers in the world, is a private corporation.

Упр. 4. Выберите вариант, синонимичный выделенному слову или словосочетанию, и письменно переведите предложения.

1. Many families now have two or more automobiles and are more likely to drive to a destination than in the past, resulting in road congestion in cities and industrial areas.

A. traffic accidentC. traffic conditions

B. traffic jamD. traffic capacity

2. The increases in noxious exhaust gases and in the noise of the traffic are serious problems in Japan.

A. usefulC. natural

B. artificialD. harmful

3. Japan Air Lines (JAL), one of the largest air carriers in the world, was founded in 1951.

A. recordedC. established

B. inventedD. merged

4. Japan is one of the world's principal seagoing nations and has one of the world's largest merchant fleets with 6,842 vessels

A. mainC. powerful

B. smallD. skilful

5. Despite competition by railways, especially the Shinkansen, the volume of domestic air transport continues to increase.

A. reduceC. decrease

B. introduceD. grow

6. Before World War II, air transportation was considerably restricted, but, since the foundation of Japan Air Lines, international flights have increased manifold.

A. advertisedC. expanded

B. limitedD. monitored

7. The great bulk of domestic freight is transported by truck.

A. luggageC. cargo

B. passengersD. foodstuff

Упр. 5. Из приведенных ниже предложений выберите и переведите то, которое более всего соответствует утверждению в рамке.

1. With the opening in 1988 of a railway tunnel between Hokkaido and Honshu and of a multiple-span railway-road bridge between Honshu and Shikoku, all four of Japan's main islands are now linked by surface transport.

1. A railway tunnel between Hokkaido and Honshu was put into operation in 1988.

2. A multiple-span railway-road bridge connects Honshu and Shikoku.

3. By 1988, all four of Japan's main islands had been linked by bridges or undersea tunnels.

2. The jewel of Japan's extensive passenger-rail system is the Shinkansen (Japanese: “New Trunk Line”), high-speed rail line between Tokyo and Fukuoka on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Kyushu.

1. Japanese word Shinkansen means New Trunk Line.

2. High-speed rail line called the Shinkansen connects Tokyo and Fukuoka on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Kyushu.

3. The Shinkansen, high-speed rail line between Tokyo and Fukuoka, is the most outstanding railroad in Japan.

Упр. 6. В данных ниже предложениях одному из слов соответствует выделенная курсивом фраза. Укажите это слово. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Kyushu is connected with Honshu by the world's first undersea railway tunnel, by an undersea double-decked road tunnel, and by a huge suspension bridge.

• a structure that has no supports under it, but is hung from strong steel ropes fixed to towers

1. In Japan, railways still play the major role in carrying commuters.

• someone who travels a long distance to work every day

1. The first streetcar line was constructed in Kyōto in 1891 and used the electricity from the nation's first power station.

• a type of bus that runs on electricity along metal tracks in the road

1. In 1927, the first subway was built in Tokyo's downtown district, and over time, it was expanded into one of the most extensive systems in the world.

• a railway system that runs under the ground below a big city

1. About 250 trains operate daily on the Shinkansen, running at 7.5-minute intervals during the morning and evening rush hours.

• the time of day when the roads, buses, trains etc are most full, because people are traveling to or from work

1. Japan Air Lines was at first a domestic carrier, but it became an international airline in 1954, when it inaugurated flights to San Francisco.

• a company that moves goods or passengers from one place to another

1. In the late 1960s, Japan Air Lines began round-the-world service, and in 1970, it became the first non-Soviet airline to fly a regular route over Siberia.

• a way between two places that buses, planes, ships etc regularly travel

Упр. 7. Из четырёх предложенных вариантов выберите правильный ответ на вопрос.

1. How can the problem of reducing the number of cars on the roads of Japan be solved?

   1. to prohibit the use of automobiles in pick periods

   2. to increase the number of commuter trains

   3. there appears to be no practical solution to the problem

   4. to introduce toll thorough

2. Why was there strong opposition to the construction of the first railway in Japan?

1. because the railways' construction was promoted as part of national policy

2. because many opposed the expansion of foreign economic and political influence

3. because the railway was being built by Japanese engineers at a rapid rate

4. because people were afraid of the new means of transport

3. What cities did the first section of the Shinkansen called the “New Tōkaidō Line” connect?

1. Ōsaka to Okayama

2. Tokyo and Ōsaka

3. Okayama and Fukuoka

4. Tokyo and Morioka

4. What innovation was introduced in constructing the first section of the Shinkansen?

1. steel ties were used

2. new track-laying machines were introduced

3. prestressed concrete was used as ballast

4. long-welded rails were laid down

5. When were large modern trading ports created in Japan?

1. in the second part of the 18^th century

2. in the first half of the 19^th century

3. in the second half of the 19^th century

4. in the first part of the 20^th century